This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of heat treatment of pigeon pea grains as a source of protein and protein level on local chicken growth. To conduct this study, 135 locally grown one-day-old chicks of roughly equal weight were randomized into 9 groups of equal size. Each group was subdivided into five lots of 3 subjects that were housed in a boxing. Then, three types of treatment (roasting, steaming and drying) were applied to the grains. For each type of treatment, three different protein level foods were developed. Each batch of chicks was fed with a given food. The results showed significant interactions between the protein level and the nature of the heat treatment on the different parameters (PTT <α, PNP <α and PTT * NP <α). Food consumption decreased significantly with protein level and was lower for CG and CV foods. The average daily gain and the feed index of batches fed with CG and CV foods were the best. Depending on the protein level, those titrated at 13% achieved the best growth and feed efficiency. Despite a lack of significant effect of the protein level on protein digestibility, there was a slight drop in protein at a dose of 16%. The nature of the treatment, for its part, significantly influenced the digestibility of proteins.

After several studies conducted, some countries have banned the use of antibiotics as growth factors (AFC) in farms since 2006. Indeed, antibiotics have had adverse consequences such as the emergence of resistant bacteria and the accumulation of residues in meat thus posing a huge risk to human and animal health. This and several alternatives have been developed to replace the role played by antibiotics in animal production including the use of phytobiotics. The main objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of phytobiotics in animal feed, specifically by comparing different doses of black pepper and nutmeg on broiler growth performance. The trial was conducted from May 22 to July 18, 2019 (56 days) and involved 512 day-old chicks of cobb-500 strain. They were divided into a completely random device comprising 16 chicks, 8 males and 8 females for each treatment. Two controls were used because of a negative control without additive and a positive control supplemented with the antibiotic as well as six treatments containing 1, 2 and 3 g / kg of black pepper and 1, 2 and 3 g / kg nutmeg. The results found after these 56 days of testing showed that the rate of incorporation of nutmeg and black pepper did not induce any significant effect (p> 0.05) on food consumption, the index of consumption and live weight regardless of the study phase. In finishing and throughout the study period, rations supplemented with 2g of black pepper / Kg (RP2) and 2g of nutmeg food induced significant weight gain (p <0.05) highest of all the treatments. Compared to the no-add ration (R0-) and the antibiotic-positive control (R0 +), rations supplemented with additives of nutmeg (RN2) and black pepper (RP2), had the highest results on consumption index, live weight and feed consumption of broilers throughout the trial period but not significant (p> 0.05). Supplementation of the diet at different doses of the additives had no significant effect on the characteristics of the carcass. However, the same doses RP2 and RN2 were the ones that gave the highest results on carcass characteristics but not significant (p> 0.05). the ration supplemented with 2g of black pepper / kg (RP2) significantly influenced the weight of the gizzard and that with 2g of nutmeg (RN2) significantly influenced the weight of the pancreas. Finally, the additives used decreased the cost of production and consumption of the food compared to the control with antibiotic (R0 +). In conclusion, the two additives consisting of black pepper incorporated in 2g/Kg of food and nutmeg incorporated in 2g/Kg can be used as alternatives to the use of antibiotics, to boost the growth performance of chickens. Key words: food additive, black pepper, nutmeg, growth performance, broiler.

L’objectif de cette étude était de cerner l’amélioration de l’aviculture villageoise induite, dans la région de Dosso, par les interventions du Projet d’Appui à l’Elevage dans la région de Dosso et le département d’Aderbissinat (APELDA). Ces interventions ont consisté en l’introduction de coqs exotiques (Harco) dans les élevages des bénéficiaires. L’étude s’était déroulée entre Avril et Juillet 2013 dans les départements de Dosso et du Boboye avec comme support un questionnaire comportant un fiche de pesé recevant les poids des poulets. La collecte de données avait concerné les deux cent vingt-quatre (224) bénéficiaires directs et dix pourcent (10 %) des bénéficiaires indirects. A la fin du remplissage du questionnaire, le bénéficiaire rassemble ses poulets qui sont pesés individuellement. Pour chaque poulet pesé, le sexe (mâle ou femelle) ; la race (locale ou métissé) ; l’âge (en semaine) ; le poids (en gramme) et le nombre de couvé (pour les femelles adultes) ont été consigné un tableau conçu à cet effet. Les éleveurs étaient majoritairement des femmes (76%). Les poulets métis constituaient soixante-onze pourcent (71%) de l’effectif total pour vingt-cinq pourcent (25%) de locaux. Pour la première couvée, le nombre d’œufs varie de 4 à 6 alors que pour les poules âgées le nombre d’œufs peut atteindre 14 chez les locales et 22 chez les métisses (mais sans couvaison dans ce genre de cas). La mortalité des poussins locaux (33%) était plus importante que celle des poussins métis (29%). Pour les deux sexes, les locaux sont plus précoces que les métis. Au-delà de 30 semaines d’âge, les mâles métis pesaient en moyen 1817g contre 950g pour les locaux. Les produits avicoles étaient utilisés principalement à des fins alimentaires (40%), économiques (39%) et sociales (21%). Ce travail a révélé une amélioration conséquente dans les pratiques d’aviculture par les bénéficiaires. Les performances de production des poulets ont été nettement améliorées avec les métis mais les performances de reproduction restent en faveur des locaux. Mots clés : Aviculture villageoise ; Amélioration ; Harco ; Dosso ; Boboye.

Determination of fibers level in grass-cutters (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck 1827) granulated diet: impacts on zootechnic performance. The grass-cutter or cane rat is a monogastric herbivore domesticated in Africa for meat production. Dietary fibre intake seems to play an important role in its digestive functioning, although the effects of fibre level on reproductive parameters of female cane rat remain largely unknown. An experiment was carried out to estimate the optimal fibre content of complete pelleted diets which optimizes the reproduction performance of female cane rat. Feed intake, digestible energy intake, and reproductive parameters of ad libitum fed female cane rat were studied for four diets differing in fibre levels (14, 18, 22 and 26 % of acid detergent fibre (ADF)) on 4 groups of 8 female animals. Each treatment was applied to an animal group. The increase in fibre content of the diet from 14 to 26 % ADF resulted in a decrease in the digestible energy (DE) content of the diet. However, feed intake increased (p ˂ 0.01) with increasing levels of fibre so that DE intake was not significantly

Réalisée à la ferme avicole Djindan Gona de Maradi, l’étude s’était intéressée aux mensurations biométriques et aux caractères phanéroptiques des poulets selon la méthodologie établie par la FAO (1981 et 2013). Le tableur Excel du pack Microsoft Office a été utilisé pour l’enregistrement des données et le logiciel SPSS (v.20) a servie à leurs traitements et à la production des éléments illustratifs (tableaux et graphiques). La bande étudiée, d’un effectif total de 31 individus provenant de la région de Maradi, est constituée de 9 coqs, 3 coquelets, 13 poules et 6 poulettes. L’ensemble des kolonto de la bande présentent un plumage de couleur blanche à la base, le blanc-unie du plumage (41%) domine largement le caillouteux (16,1%) et le Froment (6,4%). La couleur de la peau est à 94% blanche et à 6% jaune et les pattes sont à 71% blanches, à 6% pigmentées et à 23% jaunes. Les crêtes sont soit roses (61%) soit rouges (39%) et les yeux sont jaunes (45,5%) et rouge-orangés (54,8%). Le poids moyen de la bande est 1339,23±378,76g avec les mâles moyennement plus lourds (1581±4167g) que les femelles (1186,4±263g). La longueur moyenne du corps des males était de 5,3±2,9cm contre 40,45±2,57cm pour les femelles. Les mâles avaient aussi des poitrines en moyenne plus larges (28,8±2,4cm) que celles des femelles qui mesuraient en moyenne 26,3±2,5cm. Des différences significatives ont été observées entre mâles et femelles et entre coqs et poulettes mais les poules et les coquelets n’ont pas présenté de différence significative pour les paramètres mesurés. Aussi, de fortes corrélations ont été observées entre le poids vif et la longueur du corps(0,894), entre le poids vif et le tour de tarse(0,773) et entre la longueur du corps et le tour de tarse(0,853). Les résultats de l’étude ont conduit à la formulation de quelques recommandations sous forme de perspectives de recherche et visant à accroitre la quantité et la qualité des renseignements sur la souche dite kolonto. Mots clés : caractérisation phénotypique ; Poulet local ; souche kolonto ; Niger

This study aims to propose the promotion of cashew meal as a source of protein in poultry feed. To do this, the zootechnical parameters, the physical characteristics of the egg and the financial profitability of the management of the hens were evaluated. The cashew nut meal was incorporated into balanced feed rations of 96 laying hens at 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively for the coded diets Rt (control), R10, R15 and R20. The experiment was carried out over eight (8) weeks during which each hen received an average of 125 g of food daily. The results indicate that the incorporation of the cashew nut kernel meal in the diets induces a reduction in the average rate of spawning, a slight deterioration in the weight of the shell and the coloration of the yolk of the egg. However, it results in a significant increase in the average daily gain of the hens and better financial profitability. Food consumption, consumption index, average egg weights, egg yolk, egg white, and overall egg composition were not affected by the incorporation of cashew nut kernel meal into diets. The results of this study reveal that cashew nut can be incorporated up to 20% into the diets of laying hens without compromising the egg-laying rate, the physical characteristics of the egg and the financial profitability of the management of hens. The cashew almond meal could to be a legitimate alternative to soybean meal and corn in the poultry feed.