PHYSICAL CONDITION OF MALE STUDENTS AT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY DORMITORY

: The purpose of the study is to provide information about the current physical condition of 19-year-old male students of the Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCMC) dormitory. The research used the methods of synthesizing sport-related documents, interviewing experts, applying pedagogical tests, and statistical analysis to determine appropriate physical fitness assessment tests. Afterward, the figures for the physical condition of male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory were compared with that of the average Vietnamese people, of Hanoi National University (HNU), University of Danang (UD), Can Tho University (CTU), and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) students at the same age and gender, and with the standard shown in Decision 53/2008/BGDDT of the Ministry of Education and Training. The results show that the “good” group accounts for 28.75%, the “acceptable” group for 23.19% and the “failed” group for 48.06%. It is notable that the agility, leg muscular strength, endurance, and motor skills of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory are greater than the average physical fitness of Vietnamese people, as well as students of the same age and gender at HNU, UD, and CTU. Their endurance is also higher than that of male HCMC pupils of the same age, but their leg muscular strength and motor abilities are almost comparable.


Introduction
Man is the driving force of socialist construction, and the subject of all creation -material and cultural assets, a fair and humane society.For that reason, they are urged to be fully developed both intellectually and physically.Directive 17-CT/TW states: "Sports development is an important part of the Party and the State's socio-economic development policy for the enhancement of social human resources.It contributes to the improvement of fitness and a healthy lifestyle to enhance the general labor productivity" [6], [10].
With today's trend of integration, the Vietnamese government has devised a strategy to develop suitable sports under the current political and social situation.To be more specific, the socio-economic development strategy for 2011-2020 has defined "enhancement of human resources, especially those of high quality" as one of the main tactics [8].Additionally, in the specific assessment of the overall physical development and fitness project of Vietnamese people in the period 2011-2030, the current quality of physical education in schools is confirmed to be under the standard.Specifically, the physical condition of college students does not meet the requirements for industrialization and modernization of the country [11].
Physical activity (PA) and a balanced diet are believed to have a major impact on human health (Concha-Cisternas et al., 2018) [4].To foster it, engaging students in extracurricular activities seems to be the most popular approach today.Extracurricular activities are considered "not a mandatory part of the school's curriculum" [19], but they are highly crucial.According to Cole, Rubin, Feild, and Giles (2007), student participation in extracurricular activities is an important aspect of educational experiences [5]; Rubin, Bommer, and Baldwin (2002) also confirm that those activities are places where students can develop their interpersonal skills [15].The survey of Rynes, Trank, Lawson, and Ilies (2003) on employers has also indicated that extracurricular activities are seen as a valuable opportunity to foster leadership and communication skills among students [16].Barnett (2007) describes extracurricular activities under the perspective of "… sports, academic clubs, student associations, and other special groups" [2], while Fredricks and Eccles (2006) describe the activities as something "Both scholars and youth development policymakers advocate the participation in a qualified extracurricular activity, such as sports clubs, is an effective use of students' leisure time… " [9].Bartkus, K. R., et al. (2012) have found the five most important characteristics of an extracurricular activity.It is carried out optionally and separately from theory classes, managed by the school, and not used to give grades or credits, so it is academic but also non-academic [3].
Organizing extracurricular activities for VNUHCMC students requires the organizer to have information about their current physical condition, as this is an important basis for practical training methods.For its significance, the researchers attempted to conduct a study on: "Physical condition of male students at Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City dormitory".
The purpose of the study is to provide thorough information on the current physical condition of male students who are staying at VNUHCMC's dormitory.

Participants
A large number of university students at VNUHCMC's dormitory are involved in the study by using convenience sampling.

Sample size
The total number of students at VNUHCMC dormitory is 27,803 students, however, the number of those who agreed to be involved in the physical fitness test is 3,885 male students (13.97%) at the age of 19 (born in 2003) (the study time was September 2022).
They had a normal physical condition, neither disability nor illness, and they are also the ones who regularly participate in academic activities and physical education classes at VNUHCMC Center for Sport, Vietnam.

Methodology
The research has utilized the conventional research methods in the sports field, as follows: o A number of scientific papers and documents were synthesized to build a theoretical foundation and determine appropriate research methods for this study.o Twelve national sports experts and physical education specialists were interviewed to determine physical fitness tests for the participants.o Pedagogical testing was used to assess four selected physical fitness tests under Decision No. 53/2008/QD-BGDDT dated September 18, 2008, issued by the Ministry of Education and Training [7], including: • Agility assessment: 30m sprint (s) • Leg muscular strength assessment: Long jump (cm), • Motor skills assessment: 4x10m shuttle run (s), • Endurance assessment: 5-minute run (m).Statistical analysis was applied to process the collected data.All of the data were calculated with the assistance of SPSS 22.0.The outcomes include mean (M), standard deviation (SD), Independent samples t-test, and coefficient of variation.

Physical condition of male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory
The physical condition of male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory was evaluated with the four tests including 30m sprint (s), long jump (cm), 4x10m shuttle run (s), and 5minute run (m).The results are presented in Table 1.Table 1 shows the coefficient of variation (CV), a statistical measure of the dispersion of data points around a mean, of three tests regarding 30m sprint tests (s), 4x10m shuttle run (s), and long jump (cm) is low (CV < 10%), which indicates that there are no drastic differences among the participants' fitness results.This reveals that the participants when performing the above three physical fitness tests are less likely to be affected by environmental factors, nutrition, daily routine, working or studying conditions, etc.At the same time, they are indicators measured by a scale with absolute "zero".Although the 5-minute run test (m) has a higher CV (10% < CV < 20%), the representative of the sample means of the four tests are sufficient ( < 0.05).This means that the results could be used to conduct further assessments.

Physical condition of male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory and Decision 53/2008/BGDDT
Assessment of the physical condition of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory based on the standard given in Decision 53/2008/BGD&DT is presented in Table 2. Table 2 shows the results of the physical fitness tests of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory in accordance with Decision 53/2008/BGDDT.There were 1,117 students with good physical condition, accounting for 28.75%, 901 students with X   acceptable level, accounting for 23.19%, and 1867 students with failed performance, accounting for 48.06%.For a more detailed look, the 30-meter sprint test had the highest "Acceptable" ratio of over 46% (1824 students).Moreover, the test with the most students performed well (3707 students -over 95%) was 4x10m shuttle run (s), while the test with the least students performing well (988 students -25.43%) was a 5-minute run (m).Notably, the test that the most students failed was also the 5-minute run (m) with nearly 41% of the unsatisfactory performances (1592 students).In conclusion, the analysis indicates that the 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory are poor in endurance and leg muscular strength, but superior in agility and motor skills.
Figure 1 below illustrates the percentage of the physical condition results of 19year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory based on the standard given by the Ministry of Education and Training.

Comparison of the physical condition of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory and of average male Vietnamese people in 2001
The present state of any phenomenon should be subjectively evaluated by comparison with a standard or another object of the same type.Therefore, this study compared the current physical condition of 19-year-old male students at VNUHCMC dormitories with the average physical fitness of Vietnamese men of the same age in 2001 [18] and of students in HCMC (2010) [17], CTU (2017) [123], HNU (2019) [13], and UD (2021) [14].During the comparison process, the authors applied the t-test to measure the dispersion between the average values according to the formula: The results comparing the physical condition of 19-year-old male students at VNUHCMC dormitory with that of HCMC students (2010) and of the average Vietnamese people (2001) of the same age and gender are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that the physical condition of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory is better than the average physical fitness of 19-year-old Vietnamese men (2001) in all four criteria of agility, leg muscular strength, motor skills, and endurance.
The endurance of the VNUHCMC dormitory' students is also higher than that of 19-yearold male students in Ho Chi Minh City (2010), but their leg muscular strength and motor skills are equivalent.
The results comparing the physical condition of 19-year-old male students at VNUHCMC dormitory with that of HNU, UD, and CTU students of the same age and gender are shown in Table 4. Creative Commons licensing terms Authors will retain the copyright of their published articles agreeing that a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) terms will be applied to their work.Under the terms of this license, no permission is required from the author(s) or publisher for members of the community to copy, distribute, transmit or adapt the article content, providing a proper, prominent and unambiguous attribution to the authors in a manner that makes clear that the materials are being reused under permission of a Creative Commons License.Views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this research article are views, opinions and conclusions of the author(s).Open Access Publishing Group and European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science shall not be responsible or answerable for any loss, damage or liability caused in relation to/arising out of conflict of interests, copyright violations and inappropriate or inaccurate use of any kind content related or integrated on the research work.All the published works are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Percentage of the physical condition results of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory based on the standard of the Ministry of Education and Training

Table 1 :
Physical condition of 19-year-old male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory (n = 3885)

Table 2 :
Assessment of the physical condition of male students at the VNUHCMC dormitory based on Decision 53/2008/BGDDT (n = 3885)

Table 3 :
Comparison of the 19-year-old male physical condition of the students at VNUHCMC dormitory with that of HCMC students (2010) and average Vietnamese people(2001)

Table 4 :
Comparison of the physical condition of 19-year-old male students among VNUHCMC dormitory, HNU, UD, and CTU