This monograph will address the following questions: "What was the perspective of Turkic peoples on wrestling branch of sports and what was the cultural aspect of wrestling for social structures and lifestyles of Turkic peoples? What type of a transformation did wrestle experience? What is its current state at national level?" Problem: The problem of this research pertains to the fact that the richness of traditional wrestling which is known to possess a deep-seated reputation in Turkish history of sports and occupy an affluent position in Turkish sports tradition is not well-reflected in the literature at national and international levels, its traditional cultural elements are lost along with globalization and it is likely to end up being almost erased from national memories. Objective: This modest study sought to find an answer to the question as to how Turkic peoples perceived traditional wrestling in religious, national, political, military, economic and social domains of life and aimed to incorporate the finding into the literature rightly. Methodology: From among qualitative research methods, descriptive and comparative research techniques were implemented in this study. Result: It was deduced that wrestling which was one of the primary activities in socio-cultural structures and lifestyles of ancient Turkic peoples was viewed as a social value and even as a social norm beyond being just a branch of sports, possessed embedded and rich rituals, but began to lose its meaning along with the disappearance of most of these rituals, and even if it was affected adversely by globalization, there still existed affection towards wrestling and the wrestler.

of strategies to support the recovery of the economy and minimize the risks of relapse into stagnation. The key regions of the world economy continue to underperform pre-crisis developments, This showed that lots of countries still can’t handle the effects of crisis. On the other hand, the reasons for the depth and length of the crisis are several, but many of the tensions and imbalances that fed the crisis resulted from deep-seated trends that are unlikely to reverse in the coming decades, at least without major changes in policies. The recent studies showed that the global economy will be in a process of restructuring while, pursuing and monitoring of national and regional policies will become harder in the near future. The global tendencies indicate that there will be a major shift in specialisation amoungst countries which will in turn change the distribution of added value in the whole world. In this work, we discuss the changing position of Turkish economy in a changing/shifting world from a multidimensional perspective. The analysis is applied to the Turkish economy for the 1980-2015 period, and it is divided to two sub-periods that are 1980-2008 and 2008-2015. Data used in this study are basic macroeconomic indicators published by TUIK and the globalization indices are taken from the work Axel, Gaston and Martens (2008), human development data on Turkey, published by UNDP. The source of the data for World Economy are obtained from OECD, World Bank, Eurostat and UNDP. In this paper, by analysing the basic macroeconomic indicators like growth, industrial production, the structure of export and import, inflation, unemployment, we also focuse on human development, institutions and democracy In this work, beyond the analysis of the current situation, we evaluate the challanges and possibilities Turkey will face in the near future, by focusing on the variables which will have an impact on the economic and social performance of the country.

Product differentiation is one of the key attributes for hotels to avoid direct competition with one another and thus obtain superior performance. Particularly, hotels compete to reflect what they offer to their multiple targeted markets with a price at a location. Within this context, this study aims to examine the effects of competition and differentiation on room prices in urban hotels, more specifically chain hotels in Istanbul, Turkey. More specifically, it investigates the effects of quality staring, types of chain hotels on room prices in Istanbul. The sample covers 87, regionally, nationally and internationally affiliated hotels operating in the1-5 star category in Istanbul. Data for room prices (a single room and double room including breakfast booked from a single day to three months) were collected through the hotels’ websites online room booking facilities and telephoning, for some hotels, over the period of March-June 2013. The results suggest that the hotel prices are positively affected by the differentiation of the hotels in Istanbul, especially more in week days than weekends upon room prices

Conservation and sustainability of tangible cultural heritages contribute to the protection and development of city identities. For the reason that conservation standards of the ancient cities is often performed manually, it brings about negative impact on tangible cultural heritage. Using of the technological methods adopted by different disciplines such as unmanned aircraft is important to ensure sustainability without any damage. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the benefits of keeping cultural heritage areas under observation with unmanned aerial vehicles as a conservation method. This paper consists of seven sections in accordance with the objective of the study: 1) Cultural Heritage, 2) Conservation of Cultural Heritage, 3) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as an Alternative Method for Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage, 4) Study Area: Astra Ancient City, 5) Material and Method 6) Implementation, 7) Conclusion This study was conducted under two-stage methods. Firstly, literature review has been maked about the subjects of cultural heritage, tangible cultural heritage, conservation of cultural heritage and unmanned aerial vehicles. The other working method is a field study carried out with an unmanned aerial vehicle in astra antique city. Photos have been taken with the help of unmanned aircraft and these findings have been assessed within the scope of conservation process of Astra ancient city. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Tangible Cultural Heritage, Conservation Methods of Cultural Heritage, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

What parents consider when choosing toys for their children: A study on kindergartens

International Conference on Social Sciences and Education Research, 29 - 31 October 2015, Antalya TURKEY Audience participation into artistic performances has been the main concern of contemporary art since the second half of the twentieth century. Especially after the improvisational performances of John Cage, e.g. 4’33’’, and Alan Kaprow’s “happenings” in the Fifties, experimental spectacles have revolutionized the idea of live performance. Similarly, in the Nineties, confrontational dramas of British authors left their mark on experimental theatre in which the spectators’ reaction and interaction with the players was pushed to its limits. Nonetheless, nothing was more shocking than Marina Abramovic’s long-durational performance called “Rhythm 0” in 1974. In this piece the fate of the artist and the results of the performance were totally dependent upon the will of the participants. Abramovic resolved the dichotomies between the play and the player as well as the viewer and the actor by turning her own body into a work of art. Indeed, borders between the spectacle and the viewers were blurred because the performance or the artwork, which is a temporary production, was doomed to perish immediately after the participants stopped acting in the event. This is the reason, later on, Abramovic labelled her performance as “immaterial art”—where the work of art is the aesthetic experience itself and the aim is to create a sensible nihil out of human interactions. It is possible to evaluate the significance of these performances in two respects. First, they manifest the conventional nature of dualistic conceptions such as mind/body and subject/object, and thus they have a philosophical significance. Second, these performances touch something very vital and very humane that we have forgotten in the rush of modern city life, i.e. realization of one’s own being in the encounter with the other. Consequently, it can be argued that these two aspects of Abramovic’s performances are interrelated, and, together, they form a critique of the anesthetization of the individual in consumerist society by mediation of art.

Ottoman has had a traditional art music culture, called the Ottoman Art Music, in the maqam music culture of Middle/Near East, which is from the 9th century. However, the 19th century was a period of significant change of Ottoman State in the context of Westernization/Occidentalism. This changing included many innovations were reflected in the state's daily lives and musical culture. It was an acculturation movement from Europe to Ottoman. So the clothes, architecture, design, education in daily life changed; and also there were some innovations in the musical culture. Ottoman Art Music developed and changed within the context of musical materials, composition and performance during the existence of the Ottoman empire. All the musical innovations were carried out by the European musicians who were living in Istanbul or in Europe. The European and Ottoman musicians composed the new works by the new musical forms or they transformed some European music forms the Ottoman-specific manner, but their details have not been investigated until now. So this paper investigated a question, what the new musical composition styles and forms in Ottoman music culture relation to the European musical acculturation, with descriptive and interpretive approaches within the framework of Historical and Systematic Musicology.