Purpose: The aim of the study was to ascertain the association of physiological parameters with the throwing performance among the male softball players. Methods: Total 150 male university and national level softball players of different universities and states of India were selected thorough purposive sampling technique. The average age of the softball players was 20.89±1.54 years. Physiological parameters namely vital capacity, aerobic fitness (VO2max), speed, explosive strength, flexibility and grip strength were assessed using standardized tests. Throwing skill of the players was assessed with the AAHPERD softball skill test battery. Karl Pearson's product moment coefficient of correlation was computed to assess the relationship between physiological parameters and throwing skill test of softball among the softball players. Significance levels were set at p<0.05. Results: Physiological parameters such as aerobic fitness (r = 0.250, p=0.002), speed (r =-0.265, p=0.001), explosive strength (r = 0.369, p=0.000), flexibility (r = 0.281, p=0.000) and grip strength of both right (r = 0.401, p=0.000) and left hand (r = 0.361, p=0.000) had a significant relationship with throwing skill test of the male softball players whereas vital capacity did not show significant correlation with the throwing skill test in the male softball players.

Men’s fast-pitch softball does not have a specific battery of tests and relies on the tests and norms of baseball. The specific morphological and fitness demands of the sport are, therefore, not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to establish whether morphological and fitness characteristics are related to skill and performance measures in men’s fast-pitch softball players. The sample was purposively selected and consisted of 15 provincial and 15 club male players. Anthropometric, fitness and skills test were conducted. Match statistics were obtained from the provincial softball federation for the provincial players and from the club for its members. Data were analysed and interpreted both collectively as a group and separately as teams for the purpose of comparison. The results identified a number of strong significant relationships between the different variables tested. Stature and percentage body fat were found to interact significantly with the two key performance ...

Physical strength is the ability of a person or animal to exert force on physical objects using muscles. Increasing physical strength is the goal of training. The purpose of the present study was to compare the arm and shoulder girdle strength and agility among University level men Softball pitchers and non-pitchers. The sample for the present study is 30 randomly selected men Softball players of University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, volunteered to participate in the study. The data was collected from 30 men Softball players who are set to take part in the Kerala University Inter Collegiate Softball Championship in the year 2012-2013. Out of 30 men Softball players 15 were pitchers and 15 were non-pitchers. The subjects selected for the study between the age group of 18 to 25 years. Medicine ball put test was used to measure the arm and shoulder girdle strength whereas Illinois Agility Test was used to measure running agility of the subjects. The independent samples t-test reveals that Softball Pitchers had significantly greater arm and shoulder girdle strength (p<0.05) as compared to Softball non-pitchers. In case of agility, there was no significant difference between Softball pitchers and Softball non-pitchers.

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anthropometric measurements among the different groups of throwers. 40 (10 javelin throwers, 10 discus throwers, 10 hammer throwers, 10 shot putters) male university level throwers were assessed during the All India Inter University Athletic Meet. The age of athletes was between 18 to 25 years. All the athletes were measured for height, weight, lengths of body parts, diameters of body parts and circumferences of body parts. One-way ANOVA revealed that the significant differences were reported in height (p<0.05), weight (p<0.05), length measurements (p<0.05), diameters of body parts (p<0.05) and circumferences of the body parts (p<0.05) among the different groups of throwers. Post-hoc analysis revealed that discus throwers were the tallest among the throwers. In the same way, the discus throwers had highest diameters among different groups of throwers. The shot putters had highest weight and circumferences among the different groups of throwers.

The purpose of the study was to find out the Relationship between Upper Body Anthropometric Parameters and Throwing Performance of Handball Players. To achieve the purpose of this study, 30 handball players were selected. The nature and importance of this study was explained the subjects and they were expressed their willingness for this study. The players were selected from who had participate in the inter collegiate Handball competition in Pondicherry University their age ranged from 17 to 25 years as per college record at the year of 2009-2011 batch. There was no training programme for them. Test was conducted for Anthropometric Parameters and Throwing Performance namely Arm length, Forearm girth, Medicine ball put data was collected and analyzed statistically by Pearson product movement co-relation to find out the significant level.

The purpose of the study was to construct Overhand Throw tests in softball. The test was conducted on Two hundred male softball players who participated in senior national softball championship held at Eklavya Stadium, Agra (U.P.) from 12th to 19th Jan. 2003, were selected to serve as subjects for this study. The criterion measure was the average of the playing ability scores of the softball players assigned independently by three softball experts. The specific skill tests were developed through objective methods. Data for this study was collected by administering tests initially on following skills with its two different variations for Overhead Throw tests. Two tests namely: 1. Overhand Throw for Accuracy 2. Overhand Throw on Target Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the data (N=20). All subjects were given three trials administered by the same tester and inter class correlation of coefficients by analysis of variance method was employed to compute the reli...

The overhead throwing, a complex movement skill used in sports, involved the series of linked movement of the body from legs through arm and hand with rotating each body segment to transfer velocity, momentum and energy in sequence such as tennis and volleyball serves, baseball pitching, javelin throw. The objectives of this study were to compare the strength of the upper extremities muscles of collegiate overhead throwing players, and healthy students who did not participate in these sports. The muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the participants were included in the analysis and comparison. Sixty participants were divided into two groups; an experimental group consisted of 15 male players (age 20.47+1.19 years, bodyweight 69.57+8.25 kg, and height 168.47+24.73 cm) and 15 female players (age 19.87+0.99 years, bodyweight 61.20+12.16 kg, and height 162.27+5.28 cm). The other group was control group, consisted of 15 male non-players (average age 20.60+1.12 years...

Currently it is hypothesized that increased body mass index may contribute to overuse injuries. Thus, if hip or shoulder range of motion is affected by body mass index, pitchers may be placing additional stress on joints as they seek to pitch at maximal velocity. The purpose of this study was to examine if range of motion at the hips and shoulders were related to body mass index classification. A sample of 147 female softball pitchers (17.0±4.2 years; 167.6±11.8 cm; 70.6±17.5 kg; body mass index=24.8±4.7 kg/m2) participated. Bilateral hip and shoulder range of motion were assessed. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated body mass index [Wilks’ Λ=0.742, F=1.722, p=0.014, η2=0.095] significantly affected range of motion of the shoulder and hip. Post hoc results indicated the underweight group had significantly more range of motion than the obese group in hip internal range of motion on both the throwing side (mean difference=12.39, p=0.005) and glove side (mean difference...