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European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science ISSN: 2501 - 1235 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1117100 JOB SATISFACTION LEVELS OF VOLLEYBALL REFEREES SERVING AT TURKISH 1ST, 2ND AND 3RD LEAGUES (ISTANBUL SAMPLE) Mehmet Mustafa Yorulmazlar1i, Abdurrahman Kepoğlu2 1 Assos. Prof., Marmara Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fak(ltesi, İstanbul, T(rkiye 2 Assos. Prof. Abdurrahman Kepoğlu Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fak(ltesi, Muğla, T(rkiye, Abstract: Job satisfaction is defined as the result of individuals’ attitudes towards their jobs, which is affected by such factors as job related wage, supervision, working conditions, improvements opportunities, acknowledgement of skills, job evaluation, human relations in the organization and environment. It is the most important problem of human resources in every area, from public sector to private sector, industry to sports, teachers to officers, athletes to referees. Job satisfaction has social, economic and psychological consequences on individuals. The purpose of the present research is studying the job satisfaction levels of volleyball referees as one of the human resources sports sector. The universe of the research consists of referees working for Turkish Volleyball Federation, while the sample consists of 134 volleyball referees selected via simple sampling method among the universe. Job Satisfaction of the participants was evaluated with "Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)" short form. At the first step, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) scores of participants were calculated. With these scores, referees’ satisfaction levels from external and internal environment factors were determined. At the second step, variation in these scores by gender was analysed. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was utilized at 0.05 significance level, to analyse the variation in average scores from job satisfaction factors. The findings of the present research are as follows: General job satisfaction of volleyball referees ranges between 3.73 and neutral satisfaction level, increasing towards satisfaction level. This is a positive development for Volleyball Federation. For the Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. © 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group 351 Mehmet Mustafa Yorulmazlar, Abdurrahman Kepoğlu JOB SATISFACTION LEVELS OF VOLLEYBALL REFEREES SERVING AT TURKISH 1ST, 2ND AND 3RD LEAGUES (ISTANBUL SAMPLE) institutions to survive and compete, they need to use the resources they have efficiently and increase their general performance accordingly. Average satisfaction score of referees from internal environmental conditions is 3.9200 and the average satisfaction from external environmental conditions is 3.3582. This finding indicates that referees are more satisfied with the refereeing job than they are with the opportunities provided by the federation. Keywords: job satisfaction, volleyball referee, refereeing, professional conditions 1. Introduction Today, organizational culture and organizational culture are among the most important concepts in organizations -either profit or non-profit- that exhibit product based management style. An organization is expected to form an organizational culture and sustain this. Organizational culture, which is formed by the employees during the production of the targeted product, can affect the product both positively and negatively. Job satisfaction is a tool for regulating these two concepts and therefore the product optimally for organizational administrators. First systematic studies on job satisfaction started in 1930s. Since then, more than 3000 studies have been conducted on this subject matter. There are two reasons for job satisfaction studies; first satisfaction needs to be studied for organizations due its effects on job-related behaviours. Second, satisfaction can increase the productivity for individuals. Therefore, factors affecting job satisfaction must be studied and detected to increase the productivity for both the organizations and the individuals (O'Drisscol. 1996). Job satisfaction is a reaction of the employees towards their jobs and organizations (Pugh et al., 1991). Additionally, job satisfaction is considered as the rate of the outcomes employees gain from the organization in return for their contributions to the organization (Schuler and Huber. 1985). It is about the values individuals have, and the pleasure they take in their jobs Tortop et al.. 1993 . It is individuals’ attitudes towards their jobs Gencay. 1997 . Job satisfaction is employees’ reaction to their roles in their jobs (Unsal. 2005). Job satisfaction is resulted from positive or negative feelings employees experience in their job behaviours and organizational environment. These feelings are resulted from internal and external resources. Internal resources of satisfaction are internal awards. Doing a job they like provides individuals with sense of satisfaction. External resources are motivators in the organization (Ersen. 1997). Various factors affecting the content of job satisfaction and the concepts of balance, European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 352 Mehmet Mustafa Yorulmazlar, Abdurrahman Kepoğlu JOB SATISFACTION LEVELS OF VOLLEYBALL REFEREES SERVING AT TURKISH 1ST, 2ND AND 3RD LEAGUES (ISTANBUL SAMPLE) equality and favour resulting from these, form the job satisfaction. If individuals consider their jobs consistent with these concepts for themselves and other, they find their jobs satisfying for themselves and other. If they can’t associate their jobs with concepts of balance and equality, they experience dissatisfaction (Knopp. 1995). Job satisfaction is being content or discontent with one’s jobs. Sense of satisfaction only occurs when the requirements of the job match the qualities of the employees (Bingol. 1997). Job satisfaction studies mostly focuses on demographic variables, such as age, gender, educational background and seniority. Individuals need to get to know their working environment, get used to it, have a positive climate for themselves in order to commit to their jobs, and all these require some time. Working habits and commitment levels of young people may be less strong as they can find more interesting or attractive things to do in their lives. Since middle-aged would be more familiar with their jobs, job environment, it would be easier for them to understand the satisfaction they feel. Older people resist more to change as they get older, which results in less willingness to use technology, less ambition, and less resistance to unhealthy and stressed environments (Pitss. 1995). Social roles given to women and men affect their behaviours in their work places, and present a very important factor for their perspectives of their jobs. As the level of education gets better, individuals’ expectations from their working life and their jobs vary. Individuals conduct their educational intended for a certain profession with the effects of their environment, socio-economic conditions and family structure. Considering that individuals, who cannot feel satisfaction from their jobs, tend to quit, seniority and job satisfaction are correlated concepts. Productivity at work and professional attitude are also associated with job satisfaction. It is natural that positive attitudes towards work are correlated with positive outcomes in terms of quality, yet studies conducted so far didn’t come up with such findings. There are employees with job satisfaction but no high productivity. The question of whether job satisfaction increases productivity or high productivity results in satisfaction is another aspect of the subject matter. The reason for the ambiguity of the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity can be the existence of awards. Job satisfaction is generally more the result than the reason of productivity, since high productivity brings along awards, such as increase in wage, reputation and promotion, which provides job satisfaction (Wroom. 1964). For viewing / downloading the full article, please access the following link: https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejep/article/view/1285 European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 353