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The Kenya National Assembly enacted the Sports Act 2013 after many years of suggestions, deliberations and proposals over the making of such a law. The Sports legislation is an Act of Parliament to harness sports for development, encourage and promote drug-free sports and recreation, to provide for the establishment of sports institutions, facilities, administration and management of sports in the country, and for connected purposes. This law has come up with various institutions namely Sports Kenya, National Sports Fund and Kenya Academy of Sports. It also provides for Financial Provisions, procedures for registration and regulation of sports and licensing, arbitration of Sports disputes and miscellaneous provisions. Furthermore, the Act has four schedules namely sports facilities to which the Act applies, matters to be provided for in the constitutions of sports Organizations, the conduct of business and affairs of the board of the authority, board of trustees and council of the institute and transitional provisions. Although the Act is very progressive in the domain of sports in Kenya and the entire East African region because it legitimizes institutions, provide for arbitration mechanisms and recognize research as a core aspect in sports, it has introduced a number of challenges to the sports fraternity. Among these, include aligning the constitutions of various Sports associations to the Act and undergoing the new vigorous process of registering, regulating and licensing sports agencies. Sports professionals therefore need to update with the new Sports Act to retain relevance in their profession and warrant them professional growth. Therefore, it was deemed relevant to enlighten the practitioners of these new developments and seek for ways to upgrade their administrative strength and correct any inconsistency in this law through amendments to the Act.
The notion that the right to property could be used to support a claim to full compensation stems from an insecure basis. With specific reference to the Kenyan situation, this paper demonstrates the tension between international human rights and international investment law pertaining to protection of both natural resources as well as taxpayers’ money. It exposes inconsistencies between international investment law and international human rights law. The former protects foreign investors while the latter safeguards local individuals and groups. International economic lawyers should explore middle path theories–between FDI rights and indigenous peoples interests–based on communitarian goals and national values. The international law principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources is conducive to the evolution of such an attitude to property.
Satisfaction in sports has been a critical issue because of its relation to several psychosocial factors like leadership and motivation. Demographic characteristics of the groups under Satisfaction in sports has been a critical issue because of its relation to several psychosocial factors like leadership and motivation. Demographic characteristics of the groups under study have also shown to have impact on the satisfaction levels in physical activity. Based on the self-determination theory, the present study on influence of age on satisfaction of Kenyan volleyball league players hypothesized that there is no significant difference among Kenya volleyball league players of different age categories on the 15 sub-scales of sports satisfaction on the Athletic Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The study targeted male and female Kenyan volleyball league players in national division one and two. A total of 134 players were sampled for the study. Data were analysed by use of descriptive statistics and t test. Independent group t-ratios on the satisfaction scale showed significance (p< .05) on Team Social Contribution (t –2.756, p=0.007), Ethics (t-2.043, p=0.043), Team Integration (t-2.193, p=0.30), Academic Support Services (t -2.961, p=0.004) and External Agents (t -3.303, p=0.001).The study concluded that age influence satisfaction in sports and physical activity with younger and older players showing inclination towards different satisfaction components. It recommended enhancement of varied satisfaction components by coaches and trainers to maximize participation and performance.
I contributed to the research and writing of the report which was a collective effort.
Kenya and South Africa have adopted fiscal decentralisation models in their Constitutions. Though Kenya's system is at its nascent stages and its implementation is slowly progressing, South Africa has, to a great extent, successfully implemented its system since 1996. South Africa leads the African continent in fiscal decentralisation, and is therefore of significant comparative value while analysing the opportunities and limitations of the Kenyan system. The comparative analysis is based on the pillars of effective fiscal decentralisation. Although both systems adhere to the pillars, South Africa has three spheres of devolution whereas Kenya has two. This article establishes that the Kenyan decentralisation system is weaker in a few respects. First, it devolves minor functions to the County Governments, leaving the bulk of the health and education expenditures under the control of the National Government (NG). Second, it devolves taxation powers to County Governments for taxes which, under the previous local authorities system, have historically been low yield and hard to collect. Third, it insists on National Government guarantees, which may be an incentive for irresponsible borrowing by County Governments. However, the Kenyan system is stronger in two respects. First, it creates an equalisation fund, with decisions on amounts being made by Parliament in consultation with the Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA). This insulates the system from skewed allocations meant to benefit certain areas over others. Second, the Kenyan system has more implementation supervision institutions, including the CRA, the Constitutional Implementation Commission (CIC) and the Transition Authority (TA). The only such body in South Africa is the Financial and Fiscal Commission (FFC), playing a supervisory role in devolution of fiscal matters.
Kenya is a peculiar State located in the East geographical part of the African Continent. It is a State that has been acknowledged of domesticating one of the most complex grundnorm around the world, save for United Sates of America’s grundnorm. The complexity of the grundnorm is experienced when one appreciates the facts before hand (the situation the Government of Kenya is in, since Colonization to this moment). At the end of the second quarter of the year two thousand and ten (2010) The Government of Kenya promulgated a constitution dubbed as the “The New Constitution” or “Constitution 2010”. The lex document is termed as the Supreme Law of The Land it is second to none. It is not shy to dictate what alien laws can be invited within the Kenyan Jurisdiction. A country having eight (8) provinces and forty seven (47) counties: the counties are in place to decentralize power from The National Government which was initially based in Nairobi, Kenya. In the Constitution 2010 there are “new” elements that have been splashed on Kenyan citizenry. Most citizens lack the mere grip to understand its pros and cons and no one bona fide can give the pro and contra of the “new” elements to them; this is because, most interpretation are glued to the political wing of the Government or opposition. Owing to the fact that most Kenyans do not reason on their most prudent standing; thus, the reasoning is based on Political and/or Ethnicity, these are glued with emotions spurred by their catalytic leader(s). Hence, making such a definition and/or interpretation an impaired one and/or a blurry view. Thus, herein, the paper will trace the rich history of Devolution from across the world. States that are regarded as commonwealth and/or Common Law States will be given upper hand: in the sense that, their rich history will be utilized as a guiding tool. The lenses will be directed to: i. How did the idea of Devolution come into place ii. Why was it necessary to have Devolution; iii. How are county governments expected to be run; iv. How are the scuffles between County and/or County Governments and National Governments quelled; Thereafter, a special spectrum will be given towards the Government of Kenya. How has Kenya been since the year 1963 when it attained physical and/or political independence. i. The Independence Constitution of Kenya; and ii. The New Constitution 2010. Herein, the provisions of the Constitution will not be delved into solo but by the use of both primary and secondary references. This will proffer an elaborative definition of the provisions of the Constitution 2010 and lex specialis that have been borne to address and/or expound on what County Governments entail.
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