European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
ISSN: 2501 - 1235
ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235
Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu
Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.437204
PARAGA GAME AS TRADITIONAL SPORTS FOR
BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN
SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Harwandi1, Sugiyanto2,
Muchsin Doewes3
1,2
Departement of Sport Science, Post-graduate Program,
Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Faculty of Medicines, Sebelas Maret University
3
Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Abstract:
The current study aims to identify 1) the developmental history of Paraga game in South
Sulawesi, 2) the way how to play Paraga game by the communities, 3) the movement
skill aspects, and 4) the physical ability aspects. The research was conducted in center
cultural exhibition that foster and preserve the game located in South Sulawesi. The
current study used qualitative descriptive method using the research subject of Paraga
game as the traditional sport of Bugis Makassar Tribal Communities in South Sulawesi.
It contains movement skill and physical ability aspects in playing Sepak Raga attractions.
The data were collected by using several techniques such as observation,
documentative recording and interview. The results of Paraga game as a traditional
sport of Bugis Makassar tribal communities in South Sulawesi Indonesia can be
concluded as follows: 1) The history of Paraga game of Bugis Makassar tribal
communities in South Sulawesi since past until today has shifted its functions, even
among communities in South Sulawesi who had already considered it as traditional
sports and cultural heritage which should be well preserved. Based on the history of
Lontara, this game was performed as an entertaining media, event for the inauguration
of the king (somba) of Gowa kingdom to entertain the royal guests. The first Bola Raga
was played when the game was being discovered and performed by "To manurung" a
sport derived from heaven, and made of gold (raga bulaeng). Along with the
development of this game in the communities, a village named Paraga was found in
Dusun Kaemba that is Ujung Bulo that had been visited by a king (karaeng) of Gowa
kingdom. He spread Islam and introduced traditional musical instruments, especially
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© 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group
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Harwandi, Sugiyanto, Muchsin Doewes
PARAGA GAME AS TRADITIONAL SPORTS FOR BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN
SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
drum (ganrang) and gong which made a Paraga appearance was no longer displayed
with common movements, but it has been now accompanied by traditional musical
instruments. It was certainly used as a medium to distribute Islam in Kaemba since
then. Once upon a time, there were only certain people of Gowa from aristocratic family
who could play the game, but it had been popular and played by the communities as
time goes by. Also, it had been often performed in marriage events, and cultural
festivals at provincial level and at the international level considered as traditional
sports. 2) The procedure of the implementation of paraga game consists of several step
and preparation. The preparations are physical preparation and psychological
preparation. Other than that, the paraga players should also prepare the requirement
tools such as traditional uniform, traditional music instrument which will be used to
accompany the show of paraga game, and bola raga that is used to do the show of
paraga game. 3) Some aspects of skill movement that must be mastered by the players is
Movement skills in juggling the bola raga when standing up, sitting down, and when
the player does a stack formation, Movement skills when playing the bola raga on the
foot or with the hand and Movement skills when doing the last formation which is
forming three stack formation, and the top most player juggle the bola raga from foot to
the head with a perfect execution, that is when the bola raga sit motionlessly on top of
the head of the player without falling to the ground. 4) The Physical ability aspect
contained in the paraga game, there are aspect of physical ability which is the skill from
the player when playing the bola raga. The forms of physical ability that exists in the
game are speed, skills, accuracy, and coordination.
Keywords: paraga game, traditional sports, movement skills, physical ability
1. Introduction
Indonesia is rich of cultural diversity. Beautiful strands of culture, ethnicity, tribe and
religion has graced the Earth of this archipelago. Every culture, ethnicity, tribe and
religion has their own way of expression and disclosure. One of those expressions
reflects in the traditional sport which is alive and thriving in each area. Traditional sport
is one of the cultural relics of the ancestors that have the sincere and the pattern of local
tradition. 1. The definition of traditional sports according to Mahendra (1998:52), is a
form of sport activities that thrive in society. The traditional sport game is a game of
community that exists and entrenches in society, grows and develops and orally passed
down from generation to generation. Traditional sport is cultural Nations that nearly
extinct due to the time's development. This traditional sports game is almost not played
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anymore by children and adults both in remote areas up in urban areas. In addition, the
traditional sports game is the nation's cultural riches assets. Traditional sports should
meet the two terms which are in the form of Sport and also traditional whether it is
a tradition that has already flourished for several generation, as well as in the form of a
meaning that has correlation with the culture of a nation in general. (A. A. Ardiwinata,
dkk, 2006). Then, it should be appointed back to show its role in trying to manifest the
nation's unity. Therefore, the traditional sport game needs to get priorities larger from
the Central and the regions Government to take part dig, preserve and grow back so
that it can be enjoyed by all society in Indonesia. A variety of developments and the
preservation efforts of traditional sport game are still not ideal and faced various
constraints today, it is because this traditional sport game in this modern era was
already abandoned by the younger generation due to a variety of games so advanced,
modern and attractive as well as being influenced by the most advanced of culture in
society in the modern era. Many people prefer to the games that more sophisticated and
automatic as well as digital. The children and youth generation in this country are less
inclined to know the traditional sports game. However, we need to know that the
traditional sports can be the source of cultural resilience faced the invasion of global
culture. Traditional sport game can be used as a shield or nation identity on the stage of
globalisation. ‚ traditional sports game that comes from the game of Indonesian s
society as a cultural asset of the nation needs to be preserved and developed
throughout Indonesia through a skilled power activator.
Traditional sport game is one of the elements of the national culture that still
alive and thriving in any areas in Indonesia. Then, remain the importance of cultural
values, the role of traditional sports in the society doesn t need to doubt anymore
(potential in conveying the idea that has a whole human development). Thus the
traditional sport game has been able to make a sociocultural life of Indonesian nation; it
is becoming so easy to understand that the traditional sports game that develops in
these areas is very meaningful in the life of the Indonesian s nation. Traditional sport
game also has another dimension, namely the potential to support tourism. The
uniqueness of the traditional games can interest many foreign tourists to visit
Indonesia. Traditional sport game also has the impact on economic parts, especially for
society in those areas where the traditional games sport alive. In addition, traditional
sport games also have a positive impact for the realisation of a healthy society, fit and
sleek movement. Due to it has a variety of activities and physical movement that
supports health. The traditional sport game as the wealth cultural nation assets be a
solid and strong foundation in the development of "nation and character" to strengthen
the unity of the nation.
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One of traditional sport games will be chosen and researched by the author is a
traditional sports game that origin from South Sulawesi "Paraga". Paraga is a traditional
game which is played by Bugis society at Makassar, South Sulawesi. The Bugis society
calls it "Ma'raga" to describe Sepak Raga traditional game that hit using the feet. People
of Makassar call it a'raga. This game has high value and art that is combining the art of
pencak silat and agility. In the countryside of South Sulawesi, this game still holds out
till today Mattulada,
. ‚ccording Mangemba,
The strong of Paraga game in
Bugis Makassar society in South Sulawesi is also caused by philosophical meaning that was
taught by the ancestors to their generations, the lesson that had been taught include some aspects
of the game which are soaring kick (massempeq aratiga) means that as a vigilance that must be
owned by the Empire and society against all possibility of danger from the enemy, and kicks a
reply massempeq mappalece means that the conflict should be avoided within the community.”
The tradition of this Paraga game is a game, sport and art tradition from Bugis
Makassar, South Sulawesi. Paraga is different from other traditional sport game, Sepak
Takraw, Paraga is performed and played, but there is not scoring here, it is just for
attraction to show the skill of the player. Paraga also played in the team with the total
member in a team is 6 (six) player. In Paraga, the rattan ball is bounced back using not
only the feet but also the head and hands. Then, in Paraga there is something different,
passapu or the triangle Cap given with the layers of tapioca to be upright, very helpful
for Paraga players while doing Sepak Raga with the head. The players also use their
holsters as part of their costumes, to manipulate the ball in Paraga game. There are
many varieties from player position to play the ball in Paraga. The position includes
standing, sitting, squatting and laying down. Paraga ever played in various formations.
One of the formations is the tower formation that is formed from a pile of players
standing on the shoulders of other players until the shape of the tower. The Paraga ball
is also different with the rattan ball that was often used in Sepak Takraw. One Paraga
ball intact has three layers of woven rattan. One layer of webbing takes about 45
minutes of creation. So, it takes about two hours to weave one Paraga ball. Most players
can create their own Paraga ball. So, if any part of the ball broke, they can fix it right
away. After the Paraga ball was made, this requires special treatment before play.
Supposedly, the balls that is used by Paraga players has the special mantras from the
teacher or senior players the Paraga players for safety and the cohesiveness of the
players is kept while playing the Paraga. The Paraga game is a combination of some
elements such as; game, sports, and traditional Arts of Bugis, Makassar which have a
value of its own beauty.
The art of this sports culture is always played with a musical accompaniment
that consists of a drum, gong, puwi-puwi, and calung-calung, such as a musical
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instrument made from bamboo and it is played by hit it with a piece of wood so that the
players stay excited. The Paraga players move bouncing the ball while dancing follows
the accompaniment percussion music that was played. In General in Makassar, in
various ceremonial or the feast of society, the Paraga game is still held to support the
event. The Paraga players are usually the youths who have skill and well trained. They
wear traditional clothes consisting of passappu (the headscarf typical of Makassar
shaped triangle), armour lid (traditional coats) and lipa sabbe (typical Makassar Holster
made of silk fabric); this youth then shows their skill wearing that entire outfit. Until
today, the strong of the Islamic pattern still attaches to the attractions of the Paraga
game; each time doing the Paraga attractions, the players often said "Lailahaillalah"
with a regular tone. It is done to keep the concentration in a game with the high level of
difficulty. Now the Paraga movement is able to do with the level three of formations,
where the movement formed a human stage while continuing to play physical ball up
to the players who are at the top has stood in its position. This movement makes now
on every show made the audience anxiously and proud when watched the ability of
Paraga players who combines art, physical ability and religious overtones. In General in
Indonesia, there are various areas that have a culture of sport game that is worth to be
eternal and was introduced to foreign countries. For example, in South Sulawesi has a
traditional games sport, namely Paraga games, and in Northern Sumatra in the Nias
district, there is the tradition of the jump rock (fahombo).
Bugis people, as one of the Indonesian biggest ethnics, has 41,90 % of the total
population in Sulawesi Selatan (Suryadinata, 2003 in Abdullah dkk, 2009:234) Pelras,
(2006:4) continuing the explanation about the people of Bugis Makassar is that each and
every one of them actually have various interesting particularity. They are a rare
example that exists in the archipelago. They were able to establish kingdoms totally
uninfluenced by Indian, and without establishing the city as the center of their
activities. Bugis Makassar Literature, whether oral or written, has remained being read
and copied. The combination between oral tradition and literary writing was then
produced one of the world's largest literary epics, namely La Galigo which longer than
Mahabharata. Bugis culture is often associated with Makassar culture, then it is called
Bugis-Makassar (Mattulada in Koentjaraningrat, 1999). The Bugis Makassar is two
Ethnic tribes that are neighbouring it could even say we can't distinguish between the
two tribes, but from some aspects of culture, arts and traditions of each tribe have a
difference. Moreover, it is very often we hear ‛ugis' and 'Makassar' in the same time, so
that there are many people think that the word 'Bugis' and 'Makassar' is a synonym.
Then, even the local scientist themselves take a part in eliminating the difference of the
two tribes with pronounced and write those two terms be one unity: "Bugis Makassar".
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This trend is indeed based on the various similarities to their identity as the two
neighbouring tribes that transcend tribe and their language. They are, perhaps, two
tribes in the archipelago, which is the hierarchy system, are very rigid and cumbersome.
It is black and white. The process of acculturation in all aspects of life, including the art
of literature, creates a variety of cultural similarities between the two tribes. During the
civilisation of those two tribes, there are several characteristics inherent in the human
life. One of them is how to keep it hierarchical and modern sighted at the same time, the
support for competitive and compromise, uphold the honour but also take care of
solidarity. Bravery values, intelligence, adherence to religious teachings, divines in
business are variable that drives a dynamic life of Bugis and Makassar society during
this time. They are typically having strong characteristic and respect honour, if
necessary for the sake of retaining the honour, they are willing to do acts of violence.
No matter positive law threatens them. This behaviour is often hidden with the term
"Siri". In the life of the Bugis and Makassar society, Siri is a very principled element
within them. There is no one else that is most precious values to be defended and
preserved upfront Earth other than the Siri. The Siri is their soul, self-esteem, and their
dignity as human beings. They think that their life was ended and it is not useful to live
longer when their proud and shy broke or broken by someone else. Regardless of the
several equations and the strong relationship and put the mutual respect, it is very
needed to insist that the Bugis and Makassar keep two different tribes. The Bugis
society has a population of more than four million people, inhabiting most of the
Mainland and the hills next to the middle and the South. While the Makassar society
with a population more than two million people settled at the southern end of the
peninsula, spread along the waterfront or in a mountain range. For example, in terms of
language, the two parties both Bugis and Makassar cannot understand each other when
they interact with each other.
South Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia in the South part of Sulawesi with the
Makassar as a capital city it is located at coordinates 0° 12'-8° South latitude and 116°48'122°36' East longitude. A wide of the area is 45,764.53 km². The province is bordered by
Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi province to the North, the Bay of Bone and the
South East Sulawesi in the East, Makassar Strait in a west and the Flores Sea in the
South. The area is in South Sulawesi in the Mandar and Toraja. The four tribes had
different customs so that each tribe has different ways of life also in the social and
cultural aspects.
Movement skill in sport is a movement task optimally in accordance with its
ability. One of the things that support the implementation of traditional sport is creation
the skills of movement, entertainment, pleasure, and the need for social interaction,
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sport also has the potential to improve the quality of physical for the culprit, it is very
important in the performance tradition of sport game, keep in mind that a mastery of
skill and techniques in sports game is very necessary for the player for the sake of
continuity and smoothness in the play a movement that fits properly. According to
Sugiyanto (2015: 28), movement skills (Motor skills) are a quality level of mastery in
doing body movement activities in which the coordination of multiple parts of the body
or the whole body can function properly. Someone said to have a skilled movement
when a person is able to do the movements correctly, coefficient, and effectively also it
is considered correct if the implementation of the movement is in accordance with the
mechanical principles in the system of body movement. Efficient movement is a
movement that can generate the best result with a very insignificant energy used. On
the other hand, it is effective if the execution of the movement is in accordance with the
will and the purpose wanted to achieve when doing the movement. Movement skill is
one of the most important things in sports, because without a good movement and
perfect skill, then the person is not able to carry out the good movements in carrying
out activity related to exercise. Therefore, the movement skill is needed and was very
instrumental in working out. Skill is the illustration of movement skill of someone who
showed the improvement of a movement. Movement skill is the change of skills
acquired through a planned movement learning program, a systematic and sustainable
way. The main purpose of the movement improves learning skills. People are judged as
someone who has a skill if they skilled to do something specific with the good move.
The term movement skills (motor skills) conceptually can be interpreted in two ways.
First, the skills are seen as a task or work (tasks), and the second skill is seen as
adequate for the performance skills (level of performance proficiency) that can
distinguish high and low skill level. In order for the purpose of learning and skills of
movement achieved well, then any person should have good movement skills elements,
which include: (1) the elements of physical capabilities that include: strength,
endurance, agility and a sharpness of senses, (2) the element of mental abilities.
Physical ability is the ability to change precisely the direction of bodies or body
parts without interruption on the balance. Agility is the ability to change the body
position fast and exact. Physical skills are a skill, ability and efforts to change the
movements and body positioning properly and precisely without losing body balance
in certain space. Skills are influenced by power, fairness, balances, positions of the
center of gravity, skill, and coordination. According to Dangsina Moeloek (1984:8) using
the term skills. Skills are an ability to change the direction of the body or part of the
body precisely without resulting any disturbance on the body balance. Skills as a skill to
change body position quickly and precisely. Therefore, in doing the game of Paraga, it
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highly needs physical skills, in order to make a perfect paraga game. And thus, it can be
concluded that without a good physical ability, we cannot play the game of paraga
perfectly. Therefore, in doing the Paraga game needs Physical ability, to create the
perfect Paraga game. Thus, it can be concluded that without good physical ability we
can't play physical ball well. Based on the background that has been expressed above,
the author wants to do a study, entitled "Paraga Game as Traditional Sports for Bugis
Makassar Tribal Communities in South Sulawesi Indonesia".
2. Research Method
The location of this research is the studio of cultures that nurture and perpetuate the
game of Paraga, in South Sulawesi. This research uses descriptive qualitative. The
qualitative method is a research procedure that produces data descriptive in a form of
words both written and oral from a community group behaviour observed. The subject
in this study is all potential seen in the Paraga game as traditional sports for bugis
makassar tribal communities in south Sulawesi study of phenomenology reviewed
from movement skill. The object of the research is done in the studio of cultures that
nurture and perpetuate the game of Paraga residing in South Sulawesi, as in a society
that recognized as experts or sources of information about the history of the show, the
society who play Paraga performances itself, and some audience who watched the
performances of Paraga. A data collection technique in this research was done by three
stages that are observation, interview and documentation.
3. Results and Discussion
1) Identify the history of the development Paraga game at the Bugis and Makassar
society in South Sulawesi.
Since ancient times up to now Paraga experience some shift of functions, even among
the society of South Sulawesi have already considered this game as traditional sports
and is a cultural heritage that should be preserved. Historically, lontara this game is
shown as a media event for the inauguration of the Kings (somba), in Gowa Kingdoms
to entertain the kingdom s guests. It is said that the first sport played ball at the
moment of the game was invented and performed by "To manurung" is a ball sport
derived from heaven, and made from gold (raga bulaeng). As the development of this
game in society of South Sulawesi, based on stories passed down through generations
in Kaemba Maros society, that in Kaemba village found a Paraga village that was Ujung
bulo is a village which was once visited by the King (karaeng) from the Kingdom of
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Gowa, which spread Islam and introduced the traditional musical instruments like
drum (ganrang) and gong, which makes the performance of Paraga was no longer
shown with movements as usual, but is now accompanied by traditional instruments.
Then since that time, it ensured that Paraga was made as the medium to spread Islam in
Kaemba. Some experts contend that the traditional sports football is a forerunner to the
birth of the sport of sepak takraw. Due to in a Malay historical records, during the reign
of Sultan Mansur Shah Ibni the deceased Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1459-1468) in line with
its development in the 1940 's, the pattern of this game changed by using nets and
regulation numbers. This sport evolved in Asia, it was up to in the Philippines known
as Sipa, and then in Burma it is known as Chinlone, and Laos Kator and in Thailand
known as Takraw. In the past only certain people of a noble family of the Kingdom of
Gowa can play this game, but over the time the Paraga game has been popular and
played among society of South Sulawesi. Moreover it is often displayed as a custom in
traditional wedding event, and contested in cultural festival either in provincial level
and international level that the position as a traditional sport.
2) Identify the society point of view towards Paraga game in South Sulawesi.
Local people are very enthusiastic when watching the Paraga game, most of them
pleased saw the show of attractive and unique Paraga game attractions to behold. The
existence of this game in the society of South Sulawesi is already popular and well
known because it is often shown in cultural festivities events and wedding events,
especially in Makassar city, and Maros in Gowa Regency.
3) Identify the ways of implementing the Paraga game played by the society of
South Sulawesi.
The rules for implementing Paraga game in South Sulawesi need some preparation,
including the physical and mental preparation for performing well in play ball sports
attractions so that looks unique and interesting. However regardless of that Paraga
player should prepare equipment for staging the game like ball, custom clothing, that
are, kantiung clothes, barocci pants, lipa sabbe a custom Holster from Bugis land,
passapu an fastener head typical from Makassar, and several traditional instruments,
such as ganrang (drums), gong, calung-calung, puwi-puwi and tawa-tawa. Then after
preparing everything, then the Paraga players prepare for the show in front of the
audience who will see.
4) Identify the aspects of movement skill in the Paraga game.
Some aspects of movement skills that must be mastered by the Paraga players is
movement skills to played the ball in standing or sitting position, movement skill at the
time in stacked position when form of formation, movement skill at the time of play the
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ball with hands, and movement skill when lifting the ball up the head using feet and
the ball stay at the head without falling to the ground.
5) Identifies physical ability aspect in Paraga game.
The Physical ability aspect contained in the paraga game, there are aspect of physical
ability which is the skill from the player when playing the bola raga. The form of
physical ability that exists in the game is speed, skills, accuracy, and coordination.
4. Conclusion
Based on the findings of field data and theoretic discussion, the conclusions of this
study are:
1) The history of paraga game as a traditional sport in the society of bugis makassar
ethnic in Sulawesi Selatan.
The game of paraga experiencing a fast growth, from both the implementation or the
change of the function. The paraga game which played by the society of bugis makassar
ethnic in Sulawesi selatan is created as a media for an inauguration ceremony of a king
(Somba) at the kingdom of Gowa. The society of bugis makassar ethnic believe that the
first bola raga being played is bola raga which came from the sky in the shape of bola
raga emas (raga bulaeng). At the reign of kingdom gowa, only select noble people that
can play the show of paraga game, but by the flow of the time, paraga game now
preserved among the society and made as a cultural heritage by the society of bugis
makassar ethnic. The game of paraga can often be seen at the cultural ceremony, and
wedding party, especially in the area of kabupaten gowa, maros, and makassar. The
game nowadays often being held at the province level of Sulawesi selatan at the culture
festival event by the tourism department of the Sulawesi selatan province, and it even
being held in international level, which considered as a traditional sport. The game of
paraga represent Sulawesi selatan province as a traditional sport, that being contested
in the arena of traditional sport match, on the international level of the association for
international sport for all world games (TAFISA) program, as known as the game of
social Olympics, and considered as the match of the traditional sport. This traditional
sport arena is being contested by 29 provinces in Indonesia and 87 nations in the world,
which is being held at ancol Jakarta on the year of 2016. In the reign of the late sultan
Mansur shah ibni sultan muzaffar shah (1459-1477) in 1940, the pattern of bola raga
sport changed with nets and regulatory figures. This sport then evolved in asia region,
such as in the Philippines known as the (Sipa), in Burma known as (Chinlone), and in
Laos kator and also Thailand known as (Takraw). From this, scientists and cultural
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anthropology found paraga game or traditional sepak raga is the genesis and origin of
the birth of sepak takraw.
2) Procedure for the implementation of paraga game which played by the society of
bugis makassar ethnic in Sulawesi selatan.
The procedure of the implementation of paraga game consists of several step and
preparation. The preparations are physical preparation and psychological preparation.
Other than that, the paraga players should also prepare the requirement tools such as
traditional uniform, traditional music instrument which will be used to accompany the
show of paraga game, and bola raga that is used to do the show of paraga game. These
are the procedures of paraga game as follows:
a. First, the players do a salute to the spectator of the game.
b. Then the players pray together for the safety when playing the game.
c. A referee enters the field and stand in the middle, followed by the players that
make a circle. The game begins by the referee holding the bola raga and then
throwing it up away, the player who got the raga play first, and they are the one
who will initiate the game.
d. The last when the players doing a formation of Menara tiga dua satu which
requires a solid teammate by forming a stack of 3 rows and the most upper
player play the ball by doing a juggle to the bola raga with a considerable
amount of concentrations and skills, until at the point where the show become
attractive and the last thing to do for the player is by playing the ball on their
head and the ball stopped moving, and the bola raga perfectly motionless on top
of the player s head. This attraction is a maneuver action which has the highest
rank if the player could execute it perfectly when doing the performance.
3) Aspect of movement skills in the game of paraga.
There are some forms of Movement skills in the paraga game, they are as
follows:
a. Movement skills in juggling the bola raga when standing up, sitting down, and
when the player does a stack formation.
b. Movement skills when playing the bola raga on the foot or with the hand.
c. Movement skills when doing the last formation which is forming three stack
formation, and the top most player juggle the bola raga from foot to the head
with a perfect execution, that is when the bola raga sit motionlessly on top of the
head of the player without falling to the ground.
4) Aspect of physical ability which exists in the paraga game.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
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Harwandi, Sugiyanto, Muchsin Doewes
PARAGA GAME AS TRADITIONAL SPORTS FOR BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN
SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
In the paraga game, there are aspect of physical ability which is the skill from the
player when playing the bola raga. The form of physical ability that exists in the game
are speed, skills, accuracy, and coordination.
a. Physical ability in the forms of skills, speed, and accuracy that can be seen when
the player does a juggling on bola raga whilst standing, sitting, and when doing
the formation. And then it can also be seen when the player is playing the ball
with their foot and when they juggle the ball whilst passing it to the teammate.
b. Physical ability in the forms of skills, accuracy, speed and coordination when the
player is playing bola raga and then do a maneuver so the ball placed in the head
by using foot or hand, at the point where the bola raga stop moving on top of the
player s head. ‚nd thus, it can be concluded that without a good physical ability
from the players, they will not be able to play the bola raga perfectly and
attractively.
5. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions that have been described above, then the suggestion from
writers are:
1. Department of youth and sports is expected to be a little more notice and consider
to develop and always make the event or activity, contested the traditional sport
game especially Paraga game in South Sulawesi.
2. The Department of culture and tourism of South Sulawesi is expected to pay
attention, manage, and develop the traditional sports especially Paraga in South
Sulawesi.
3. The Government of the province of South Sulawesi is expected to give a
contribution in the form of funds to renovate the new Paraga Studios in South
Sulawesi and help several studios to educate the future generation of Paraga player.
4. The Paraga game is made as icons or ways by the local government in South
Sulawesi province that has a wealth of culture and customs to attract foreign
tourists to pay a visit to South Sulawesi.
5. An appeal to the community of South Sulawesi to always keep the Paraga game,
because this game is not cultural relics items should be preserved so that the game
continues to exist and is not lost over time.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
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Harwandi, Sugiyanto, Muchsin Doewes
PARAGA GAME AS TRADITIONAL SPORTS FOR BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN
SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Acknowledgment
1. Prof. Dr Sugiyanto, Prof. Muchsin Doewes, Dr AIFO, the supervising lecturer who
have given a lot of knowledge, guidance and advice redirection in composing this
thesi
2. All Bugis Makassar communities and local government who have delighted in
giving the information in the data retrieval research.
3. Parents and brother who always give good support in the form of material or
moral.
4. All parties who have assisted the preparation of the thesis.
References
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Harwandi, Sugiyanto, Muchsin Doewes
PARAGA GAME AS TRADITIONAL SPORTS FOR BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN
SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
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