The purpose of the study was to construct the athletic performance norms for Bachelor of Arts students. The study was confined to one thousand (N=1000) female students of Bachelor of Arts who opted physical education as a subject in graduation in different colleges affiliated with Punjabi university Patiala. The data pertaining to athletic test items was collected for three different age groups of 17 year, 18 year and 19 years for B.A. 1st year class. The variables selected for the study were 400m run, long jump and shot put. After the collection of the data on athletic performance, statistical analysis was carried out by computing descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate the differences among 17 to 19 year female subjects of Bachelor of Arts, which was followed by Scheffe's Post-hoc test of least significant differences. Norms were developed by using four normative scales namely Percentile scale, T-Scale, Hull scale and Sigma Scale separately for female students. Results shows significant differences in performance of 400 meter run, long jump and shot put of female subjects of 17,18 and 19 year of age. Sport is all forms of competitive physical activity which through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants. Sports are institutionalized competitive activities that involve vigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by individuals, whose participation is motivated by a combination of personal enjoyment and external rewards. Based on man's natural activities of running, jumping and throwing, athletic is the oldest sports recorded in the history of human civilization. As organized sports extravaganza, the ancient Greek gifted them to the modern world. Along with the gymnastics and swimming, athletics is considered as mother sport-the basis of all skill based games and sports played these days. In American terminology, athletics assumes a very wide meaning covering all sporting activity-whether recreational or competitive, in technical sense, its usage is confined to track and field events, marathon, road races and walking events. The ancient Olympics were, in fact all athletics-running, jumping and throwing contests. Evaluation is essential in the process of teaching and coaching. Through evaluation, a teacher/coach can know the extent to which learning has taken place. Hence, the teacher/coach must be aware of some evaluation techniques, which enables him to measure the student's skill objectively and classify them initially, as well as by measuring the progress made by the athletes. According to Spiriov (1998) " The athletics scoring tables were made on the basis of exact statistical data. The scores in the tables of different events cover equivalent performances. The table can be used to compare results achieved in different athletic events. Norms are always framed in normative tables, which provide means to compare student's performance with larger representative population. These comparisons provide valuable information to assist teacher and students to determine the relationship of individual performance scores to score of youth of same age and gender. Thus norms are average obtained under prevailing conditions good, poor and average. Athletic Norms are being very much needed at the university level and requires to be revised under the

This study was applied to total 53 students aged 12-14, who participated in sports regularly in their school or club teams or not, from three different public schools in the city center of Kastamonu. The mean age of 15 female students participating in sports was 13,20±0,77 and the mean age of 11 male students participating in sports was 13±0,90, and also the mean age of 15 female students not participating in sports was 13,20±0,78 and the mean age of 12 male students not participating in sports was 13,08±0,80. The subjects were chosen randomly and the tests and measures were performed in the gymnasium. In order to determine the features of subjects, their height and weight were measured, some tests were performed by using Eurofit test battery and also Illinois agility test were applied. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0 statistical package program and in order to compare the averages of groups with regard to some variables Mann- Whitney U Test was used. The level of significance was accepted as p< 0,05. At the end of the study, it was determined that when compared the values of the female subjects participating in sports and the ones not participating in sports, significant differences were found in body fat percent, 10x5 m. sprint, right and left hand reaction to light, standing long jump, flamingo balance, sit and reach flexibility and anaerobic power tests (p<0,05), there were no significant difference in right and left hand grip strength, Illinois agility test values. It was also seen that when compared the values of the male subjects participating in sports and the ones not participating in sports, there were significant differences in 10x5 m. sprint, right and left hand reaction to light, standing long jump, flamingo balance, sit and reach flexibility tests (p<0,05), no significant difference was found in body fat percent, right and left hand grip strength, anaerobic power and Illinois agility tests.

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study was to determine the peculiarities of impact of sports specialization on 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness. Materials and methods. The study involved 3rd-year female students of the Donbas State Engineering Academy in Kramatorsk, who practiced badminton (n = 43), aerobics (n = 43), and callanetics (n = 43). To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing; index method and medical-biological methods. Pedagogical methods were used to study the peculiarities of students’ functional state of the body and motor abilities; for data processing discriminant analysis was used. Sectional classes were held in groups according to the schedule – twice a week. Results. The study revealed the peculiarities of impact of attending badminton, aerobics, and callanetics sports sections on the level of 3rd-year female students’ functi...

This study aims to identify the talents of prospective athletes aged 11-15 years through anthropometric, fundamental skills, and biomotor. Researchers conducted an assessment of these three factors to decide whether the candidate was a gifted athlete. The method used is survey and percentage analysis. The participants who took part in this study were 408 (242 males and 166 females) aged 11-15 years. The results of the assessment from the city of Salatiga showed that there were no very talented participants, 2% of participants were declared talented, 12% quite talented, 44% less talented, and 42% not talented. The percentage analysis showed that there were no very talented participants; less than 1% were talented; 3% were moderately talented; 22% were less talented, and 75% were not talented. There is a difference in catch indicators for male and female participants with a percentage of 30.11%. Talent identification that can be decided in this study, based on the results of anthropometry, fundamental skills, and biomotor measurements is in the javelin throw, sprint 100 meters, 200 meters and long jump. The results of this study conclude that the assessment of anthropometry, fundamental skills, and bimotor can be used to identify the talent of athletes at a young age. It could be concluded that biomotor and anthropometry aspects are more dominantly used to identify athletes but need to be added to other skills performance assessments to support this decision. Future research should focus on identifying the determinants of talent and developing assessment instruments.

Książka jest efektem wieloletniego zainteresowania trzema obszarami tematycznymi, które znalazły nieoczekiwane połączenie w biografii jednego człowieka – Ezechiela Ziviera. Po pierwsze zawsze interesowała mnie historia Górnego Śląska, szczególnie w okresie, kiedy ten region stanowił część państwa pruskiego, a na jego terenach współżyli ze sobą Polacy, Niemcy i Żydzi. Bardzo ciekawymi w tej konfiguracji byli Żydzi, dla których XIX i XX wiek okazały się przełomowymi i to w różnych kontekstach oraz znaczeniach – poczynając od pruskiego edyktu tolerancyjnego z 1812 roku, a na trudnych i bolesnych latach II wojny światowej kończąc. Trzeci aspekt związany jest archiwistyką, która będąc jedną z nauk najmniej docenianych i mało medialnych, jest równocześnie strażniczką i opiekunką materiałów, bez których historia staje się jedynie wytworem fantazji. Nie zawsze podejmowanie tematyki archiwalnej okazuje się mało pasjonujące, czego najlepszym przykładem jest właśnie biografia Ezechiela Ziviera, archiwisty i historyka, którego życie było przekraczaniem wielu barier, zarówno tych widocznych, jak granice państwowe, jak i niewidocznych i dlatego znacznie trudniejszych do pokonania, jak różnego rodzaju uprzedzenia zarówno o podłożu narodowym, religijnym jak i społecznym. Od momentu pojawienia się na Górnym Śląsku w 1892 roku E. Zivier stale znajdował się „między” Polakami, Żydami i Niemcami, „między” katolikami, ewangelikami i wyznawcami judaizmu oraz „między” reprezentowanymi przez te grupy tradycjami historycznymi, religijnymi i kulturowymi.