Aerobic fitness, endurance, and cardiovascular endurance are synonyms for work capacity, which itself is an important prerequisite for the health and life of every man. A very common way of assessing the state of aerobic fitness of a particular population are diagnostic tests on the basis of which we receive the necessary information when it comes to general physical condition of a defined population. This diagnostic evaluation is usually performed in the laboratory (direct methods), however, available and reliable data are about high reliability in the performance of some field tests (indirect methods). Depending on the field conditions, very often these measurements are performed using estimates of general ability (test UKK 2km). To perform this test data about body height, body weight, BMI, the values of the pulse rate and walking time during the test must be contained in it. Based on testing using the UKK 2km are obtained Fitness Index values (FINDEX) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO²max) of 35 male students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo (BIH) in order to determine and define the physical condition of respondents. The results showed that the fitness index (103.22) in the upper zone average (103.22) and VO²max = 49.12 reflects good shape, but still the results indicate toward decreasing trend in students' aerobic fitness, and have fitness index values below the standard norms of the Swedish population. The general trend of decreasing aerobic fitness of the population can be seen in the sport and physical education students, as a consequence of lifestyle in which there is not enough adequate physical activity.

Background: The environmental factors lead to changes in the physical fitness level among children. The objective of the present study was to compare the physical fitness parameters of the rural and urban children from Punjab. Methods: Total 60 children (30 rural and 30 urban) 12 years old were selected to participate in the study. All the subjects were measured for various physical fitness parameters. The speed ability was measured with the help of 30 meter sprint (Flying Start). The endurance of the rural and urban children was assessed with the help of 800 meter run. Sit and reach test was used to assess the flexibility of the children. The standing broad jump and standing vertical jump were applied to measure the explosive strength. The grip strength was measured with the help of hand dynamometer. The medicine ball put was used to measure the strength of arms. Results: The independent samples t-test revealed that the rural children were found to have significantly greater speed (p<0.05), standing broad jump (p<0.05), grip strength of both left (p<0.05) and right (p<0.05) hand than the urban children. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the rural children were better in some physical fitness parameters.

Late talent identification of sport abilities endowed among the little boys and girls especially in under developed nations has delayed the proper attainment of sport prowess among most players. A huge desert of unnoticed talents is created and unknowingly let it grow between the tender ages to junior levels of the child. African education systems are devoid of the expertise or might be incapacitated to identify and tap the sport potentialities born in our children during their early ages of growth. The adoption of Early Child Education by numerous African states is silent about sport talent identification; talented players are picked at adult ages, unfortunately, nearing retirement from sport show-casing. This scenario has not benefited the players as well as the nations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify strategies Early Learning Centers can utilize in identifying sport talents in children enrolled in their centers for the benefit of sport coaches, player-agents, the child and the nation at large. The study has concluded that it is possible to introduce children at early age of growth to any sport skills provided proper approaches, modifications and training is done. Furthermore, the theory Capture them Green, is vital if all ECD teachers are properly oriented to it. The study also recommends the adoption of the concept Capture them Green, in order to start developing children into future elite sports persons. This study recommends for further researches into strategies to value-add and beneficiate our African players before they are whisked off by dodgy sport agents from developed sport nations.

The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure interests of university students to sports. In the spring of 2016, Validity and reliability research is realized on 600 students getting education at different departments of Karabuk University within the scope of the research. For data collection; Developed by the author "University Students Scale for Interest Levels towards Sports" is used. A measurement tool consisting of two parts is benefited during the data collection process. The first part of measurement tool is demographic information form, while the second part being interest scale towards sports that is prepared in order to determine the interest level of students towards sports. Confirmatory factor analysis is used in order to approve the structure obtained as a result of the explanatory factor analysis. Their accord indexes are examined in order to understand whether the scale is valid or not. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of 10 articles that are determined regarding a single factor for the reliability of the scale are calculated. As a result of the conducted studies, one-factor 10-article valid and reliable scale is developed that may measure the interest of students towards sports.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of pilates movement training program which ıs applied to autism spectrum children on student's flexibility and balance development. 26 students (12 male+6 female) participated to this research. The age of the students were formed as group of 6-12 aged, two groups have been created for research. 18 students were determined as experimental (12 male+6 female), 18 students were determined as a second control group (12 male+6 female), while creating group, it is paid attention to not to be similar in student's age, gender, physical appearance. The research data's were analysed by SPSS v16 program, the pre-test & post-test comparisons and minimum, maximum, values were tabulated. Even though according to research results there is not seen any development in control group, the significant development is seen in experimental group (p<0,05) and in balance development (p<0,001). As a result, it is observed that the pilates special movement training program which is applied to autism spectrum children's provides a positive contribution to children's physical properties, ability of flexibility and balance.

The study aims at comparing each of the mini-games and high-intensity intermittent exercise in order to figure out which of the two methods that most developing the aerobic capabilities (VO2max-VMA), using the experimental approach through proposing two training programs, each program consists of 8 weeks, by two training sessions each week. The size of each share ranged from 90 to 120 minutes, the programs conducted on a sample consisted of 36 players, divided into 18 players from the WABT team and 18 players from the USBT team. It has also been relying on research tools that are in line with the nature and objectives of the study. Physical tests that have been tested validity of the scoping study. They involved 10 players (5 from WABT team, and 5 from the USBT team), without involving the members of the scoping study in the basic study. All of these steps have led to discharging a set of results that have been analyzed and processed statistically to reach at the latter to the following results: • No statistical significance between the two groups in pre- tests. • There are similarities between the two methods in the development of an aerobic capacity (VMA et VO2max). • There is no statistical significance in the post tests between the two groups. After comparing the results of pre and post tests within each group, we concluded the extent of the contribution of each of the two programs in the development of aerobic capacities. All these results prompted us to develop a set of suggestions: • The organization of forums and special days of formation of modern requirements in football means and methods especially from the physical trainers. • Proposing the use of both the high-intensity intermittent exercise way and mini-games during the various stages of the annual planning, especially in the preparation stage and competition stage.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 12-week exercise, applied to obese individuals, on body composition and life quality. Experimental group between the ages 23-66 n:21 (10 men, 11women) average of ages: 44,52 ±9.88 and control group n:25 (12 men, 13 women) average of ages: 43.68±10.93, totally 46 obese individuals joined in this study. Aerobic exercise program including 12-week of walking and running which is 4 days a week has been applied to the experimental group. Any exercise program hasn't been applied to the control group. In order to determine the body compositions, both groups have been measured with bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody230, InBody Co. Ltd., USA) a week before and a week later. In order to determine the life quality, test of SF-36 has been applied. For the analysis of data, the comparison of the binary groups, t-test has been applied after finding the differences between first test and the last test. For the comparison of the first test and the last test of each group, paired sample t-test has been applied. Our findings show that, when the first and the last test results of the experimental group are analyzed, statistically in a positive way a significant variation in the whole body composition and SF-36 life quality scale parameters has been detected (p<0.05). According to the first and the last test results of control group, while any significant difference hasn't been detected in the body composition parameters (p>0.05), decline in a negative way has been determined in the SF-36 life quality scale results (p<0.05). When the first and last test results of experimental and control groups are compared, a significant variation in the whole body composition parameters and sub-dimensions of SF-36 life quality scale on behalf of experimental group has been detected (p<0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that 12- week of walking and running exercises affect body composition parameters and life quality of obese individuals positively.

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of tennis technique training and games on reaction times of 10-12 years old boys. For this study, 40 subjects who did not perform any physical activity volunteered. Subjects randomly assigned two groups: Experimental group: 20, control group: 20. The experimental group was subjected to 8 week three days a week and 60 minute per session tennis and education with games training program modified according to relevant age group. The control group did not participate any physical activity. Visual, auditory and mix reaction times were measured by Newtest 1000 reaction timer. Subjects’ reaction times were measured twice before and after training program. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for analysis of the data obtained from the study. Independent Sample T test was used for comparison between groups, and paired samples t test was analyzed at p <0.05 significance level. As a result of the study, there was no difference in the control group, and after eight weeks of tenement-specific games and technical training, the research group revealed significant changes between auditory, visual and mixed reaction times in both hands.

Purpose of Study: The aim of this research is evaluation with examining the individual movement training program which is applied to autistic students with Brockport tests. Material and Method: Six male autistic students participated to the research. Student’s ages were 8, 10, 12, 13, 15 and 17. The test battery was prepared for measured the student’s physical properties with Brockport tests which are age, height and weight and the applied Brockport tests by the improved battery for the disabled which are 30 sec push-up test, hang to bar with straight arm, 1 mile (1600m) running, 20 m ramp walking test, 30 sec shuttle test, reverse shuttle test, sit-reach flexibility test, hang at the bar with twisted arms, right and left hand grip test. The game materials and essential exercises for training (various sizes and softness of balls, various sizes of pilates balls, targets, jump ropes, various height of targets and boards, colored balls and targets, various weight of dumbbells, various weight of medicine ball etc.) were prepared. 50-70 sec trainings were done two days in a week. Sixth week in training, tests were done again and saved. At the end of the twelfth week, the selected tests were done as last test and were compared with other test results and evaluated. The obtained data were evaluated with interpretation and tabulated. Finding and Results: According to research results, development were observed in tests of 30 sec push-up, hang to bar with straight arm, 20m ramp walking, 30 sec shuttle test, reverse shuttle, sit-reach flexibility, hang at the bar with twisted arms and right hand grip in all students. Only in the tests of 1 mile (1600m) running, and left hand grip there wasn’t any development.

The study aims to identify the values of Certain kinematics variables to field defends skill in volleyball with players of the clubs of section II 'nobles' and the discovery of mechanical errors that have an impact on the skill performance when volleyball players’ accuracy, identify the percentage contribution of some kinematics variables in result skill performance, indicate that the kinematics variables significant impact on the development of corrective exercises own skill, and finally to show the effectiveness of the exercise corrective built according kinematics variables extracted from videos analysis of performance of the players and proposed to correct skill performance of the players in clubs of section II ''nobles''. In order to further study, we used the experimental method on a sample deliberate volleyball clubs activist in the second national department (regional center) volleyball, and was the 30 players, a control group of 15 Players and an experimental group of 15 club players (NAHD), (NRBH), (ASJK). Using the field observation, videography, Anthropometric measurements, field defends skill testing, kinematic analysis of videos. The researchers found that corrective exercises programmed her highly effective in developing and improving skill performance of the players of clubs in section II ''nobles'', kinematics analysis helps to detect and determine the kinetic errors in performance, kinematics analysis helps build corrective exercises necessary to amend the players mistakes. From all this, the researchers concluded that kinematics variables and because of its importance is an important factor that should be resorted to in order to develop and improve the performance of the players in the field defends skill in volleyball. Therefore, the researchers suggest the need to be a coach familiar with the principles of bio-mechanics and familiar techniques of analysis and variables kinematics skill, help of the principles of bio-mechanics and the results of the kinematic analysis to propose practical exercises and corrective exercises for skills errors.