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The aim of present study was to investigate the acute effect of different warm-up protocols on elite athlete’s performance. Subject group of the study was consisted of twenty volunteer male students from Uludag University Sport Sciences Faculty who have been playing soccer at various leagues for at least seven years. Three different warm-up methods were applied to the subjects at 24 hours intervals. These were (1) stretching exercises protocol (SEP), plyometric exercises protocol (PEP) and suspension exercises protocol (SUEP). Subjects performed general warm up during 5 minutes and after then pre-tests were measured before each warm up protocol. After each warm up protocol, post-tests were measured. All subjects were tested on static balance, vertical jump, 30 m. sprint, reaction time and flexibility performances. All data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-tests using SPSS Statistics v.22 (Chicago, IL, USA), and significance was set at an alpha level of 0.05. As a result of analysis of test data, no significant difference was detected in the static balance test in the three protocols (p<0.05). When the vertical jump test (anaerobic power test) results were analyzed, whilst a statistically significant decrease was detected in SEP, no difference was detected in PEP and SUEP (p<0.05). When the reaction time test results were analyzed, no difference was detected in the three protocols (p<0.05). When the speed test results were analyzed, a statistically significant decrease in SEP and statistically significant increase in PEP and SUEP were detected (p<0.05). When the flexibility test results were analyzed, a statistically significant increase was detected in the three protocols (p<0.05). A statistically significant decrease in the values of anaerobic power and speed, significant improvement in flexibility was observed in GEP. A significant improvement was observed in the values of speed and flexibility in PEP and SEP. According to the results, in sports that require speed and jumping, whilst plyometric and suspension warm up exercises are thought to be beneficial, in sports that require flexibility, the inclusion of static stretching to these exercises is thought to be beneficial.
A series of exercises with the use or not various instruments is applied before soccer players warm-up. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of these exercises in combination with classic soccer warm-up on ROM and jumping ability performance. Sixteen (n=16) semi-professional soccer players executed two warm-up protocols. The control protocol (CONTROL) was the classic soccer warm-up and the experimental one (EXPER) included pre-warm-up actions using foam rolling, static stretching, neuromuscular control exercises on unstable surfaces and muscle activation exercises accompanied by the classic warm-up of soccer players. The participants executed hip flexion Range of Motion (ROM) measurement and two Countermovement Jump with Arm Swing (CMJAS). Two-Way ANOVA revealed significant main effect of "time" on ROM (p<0.05) in both protocols, but no differences on CMJAS (p=0.10). Results show that pre-warm-up actions do not add further benefit in performance in ROM and CMJAS in relation to classic soccer warm-up. Arch Physiother Rehabil 2020; 3 (2): 053-061
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three different warm-up methods on flexibility, jumping and balance. 28 male students (age 22.002.00 years) from Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sport Sciences were enrolled in the study. Three different warm-up methods including static, dynamic and jogging were applied to the subjects at 24 hours intervals. Study group was subjected to flexibility, jumping and static and dynamic balance tests 4 minutes after each warm-up application. Data analysis showed that flexibility values measured after static warm-up were higher than those obtained after dynamic warm-up and jogging (p<0.01). Jumping values after static warm-up were found to be significantly higher than those obtained after jogging (p<0.05). In dynamic balance measurement, “average balance error after jogging” was found worse than dynamic warm-up (p<0.05). Static balance results showed that values after static and dynamic warm-up were better than those obtained after jogging (p<0.05). In conclusion flexibility values after static warm-up were found to be higher than those obtained after dynamic and jogging warmup. Static warm-up was found to cause greater increase in jumping performance in comparison with jogging. Balance values after jogging were worse than those obtained after static and dynamic warm-up
2017 •
Insufficient warm-up (WU) of substitute soccer players could limit the performance and increase risk of injury. Different WU protocols were designed to help them get an effective WU in a shorter time frame for enhancing their performances. The aim of this study is to find a five-minute WU protocol that can improve flexibility and Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) with an acceptable fatigue, as compared to no warm up condition. Twelve healthy collegiate male soccer players participated in this study. Subjects performed 4 randomly different warm up protocols on four nonconsecutive days: (a) no warm up (NW); rest of 5 minutes, (b) dynamic warm up (DW); jogging of 2:30 minutes and 2:30-minute of dynamic warm up, (c) dynamic resistance warm up (DRW); DW plus 8 repetitions of body weight squats, and (d) dynamic sprint warm up (DSW); DW plus two 20-m shuttle sprint. Hamstring flexibility, RSA parameters and Borg’s RPE scale were measure. Flexibility was significantly improved after performing ...
Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports
Acute effects of different stretching and warm up protocols on some anaerobic motoric tests, flexibility and balance in junior male judokasBackground and Study Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate acute effects of different warm-up and stretching protocols, on 30 m. sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, strength, balance and anaerobic power performances in junior male judokas. Material and Methods: Twenty sub-elite 11-14 year old judokas who volunteered to participate in the study (age: 12,25±0,96 years; height: 1,52±0,11cm; body mass: 48,06±14,22 kg). This study consist of four different stretching and warm up protocols; without stretching (WS); static stretching (SS); dynamic warm up (DW); dynamic+static warm up (DSW). Results: The effect of the four stretching and warm up protocols were analysed by an ANOVA for repeated measures (WS x SS x DW x DSW). After stretching and warm up protocols, 30 m. sprint values are statistically significance (p<0.05). There was find statistically significant between WS and DSW, SS and DW, DW and DSW (p<0.05). There were no significant difference is found on flexibility val...
2012 •
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different warm-up programs consist of Swiss massage and static-stretching on sprint, explosive performance and lower body flexibility in male college athletes. Twenty male college athletes (of three sport disciplines; indoor soccer, volleyball and basketball) with mean± SD, age 25.1± 9.1 years; height 179.2± 6.1 cm; and body mass 66.2± 2.3 kg volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into three groups; a) massage group (MG; n=7), staticstretching group (SSG; n=7), and rest group (RG; n=6). The SSG performed static-stretching movements for warming-up, MG performed Swiss massage for warming-up and CG had passive rest. Vertical jump (VJ), 30-m sprint, agility (T test) and sit & reach tests were assessed before (pre) and after (post) each of interventions. Both the SSG and MG showed significant worsening in VJ, sprint time and T test after each of intervention (P 0.05). In sit & reach test, both the SSG...
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
Differential Stretching Protocols During Warm up on Select Performance Measures for Elite Male Soccer Players2012 •
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Effect of Warm-Ups Involving Static or Dynamic Stretching on Agility, Sprinting, and Jumping Performance in Trained Individuals2010 •
The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Acute Effects Of A Warm-Up Including Active, Passive, And Dynamic Stretching On Vertical Jump Performance2012 •
Carvalho, FLP, Carvalho, MCGA, Simão, R, Gomes, TM, Costa, PB, Neto, LB, Carvalho, RLP, and Dantas, EHM. Acute effects of a warm-up including active, passive, and dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 26(9): 2447–2452, 2012—The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of 3 different stretching methods combined with a warm-up protocol on vertical jump performance. Sixteen young tennis players (14.5 6 2.8 years; 175 6 5.6 cm; 64.0 6 11.1 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 different experimental conditions on 4 successive days. Each session consisted of a general and specific warm-up, with 5 minutes of running followed by 10 jumps, accompanied by one of the subsequent conditions: (a) Control Condition (CC)—5 minutes of passive rest; (b) Passive Stretching Condition (PSC)—5 minutes of passive static stretching; (c) Active Stretching Condition (ASC)—5 minutes of active static stretching; and (d) Dynamic Stretching Condition (DC)—5 minutes of dynamic stretching. After each intervention, the subjects performed 3 squat jumps (SJs) and 3 countermovement jumps (CMJs), which were measured electronically. For the SJ, 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance (CC 3 PSC 3 ASC 3 DC) revealed significant decreases for ASC (28.7 6 4.7 cm; p = 0.01) and PSC (28.7 6 4.3 cm; p = 0.02) conditions when compared with CC (29.9 6 5.0 cm). For CMJs, there were no significant decreases (p . 0.05) when all stretching conditions were compared with the CC. Significant increases in SJ performance were observed when comparing the DC (29.6 6 4.9 cm; p = 0.02) with PSC (28.7 6 4.3 cm). Significant increases in CMJ performance were observed when comparing the conditions ASC (34.06 6.0 cm; p = 0.04) and DC (33.76 5.5 cm; p = 0.03) with PSC (32.6 6 5.5 cm). A dynamic stretching intervention appears to be more suitable for use as part of a warm-up in young athletes.
Journal of bacteriology
Alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli PolA + and PolA - strains during thymine starvation1971 •
Single-strand breaks were not detected in the deoxyribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli after thymine starvation for up to 180 min, even in a sensitive PolA(-) strain.
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