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European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science ISSN: 2501 - 1235 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu Volume 3 │ Issue 7 │ 2017 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.836167 A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, ACTIVE RECOVERY AND COLD BATH METHODS ON LACTIC ACID LEVELS Wahyana Mujari Wahid1i, Muchsin Doewes2, Siswandari3 S.Or, M.Or, Program Study of Sport Science, 1 Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Dr., AIFO, Faculty of Medicines, 2 Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia M.Stats, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, 3 Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Abstract: This study aims to determine: (1) The difference effect of active recovery and cold bath to lactic acid levels. (2) The difference of lactic acid levels between men and women. (3) The effect of the interaction between recovery method (active recovery and cold bath) and gender of the lactic acid levels after the maximum exercise. The research is using experimental methods research factorial design 2 x 2. The exercise maximum award is 400 m sprint. The population in this study is composed by a number of 32 volleyball athletes, consisting of 16 male and 16 female athletes. Groups of men and women were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 8 people. Each member of the group will be given exercises with maximum intensity of 400 m. After sprint exercise maximum intensity samples were then measured, the levels of lactic acid in the blood (pretest). Next, do recovery method that is active recovery for 20 minutes and the cold bath for 20 minutes with a temperature of 150C- 100C in the group of men and women. After 20 minutes, the samples are re-measured for the blood lactic acid levels (posttest). The analysis technique of the data in this study is Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA Two-Way). The results showed that: (1) There is a significant difference between the active recovery and cold bath of lactic acid levels, which gained F (o) at 45.96 and the value of p Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. © 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group 128 Wahyana Mujari Wahid, Muchsin Doewes, Siswandari A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, ACTIVE RECOVERY AND COLD BATH METHODS ON LACTIC ACID LEVELS = .00 (P <.05). Better cold bath method with an average value reducing in lactic acid levels by 4.63 mM/L compared to active methods of recovery with the average value reducing levels of lactic acid of 3.50 mM/L. (2) There is a difference in lactic acid levels between men and women, which gained F(o) at 14.18 and the value of p = .00 (P <.05). Men are more rapid of reduction lactic acid levels with an average value reducing levels of lactic acid at 4.38 mM/L compared to women with an average value reducing lactic acid levels at 3.06 mM/L. (3) There is no significant interaction effect between recovery method and sex, which gained F(o) at .16 and .41 p = (P>.05). (1) There are differences between the effects of active recovery method and a cold bath to the reduction in blood lactic acid levels. The effect of cold bath method is better than the active recovery method in lowering levels of blood lactic acid. (2) There are differences in blood lactic acid levels between men and women. The reduction in lactic acid levels in men is faster than women. (3) There is no interaction effect between recovery methods and sex against lactic acid levels. Both groups of men and women have a reduction in blood lactic acid levels that are higher with cold bath recovery methods. Keywords: recovery methods, active recovery, cold bath 1. Introduction Fatigue is a physiological phenomenon, a reducing in tolerance to physical work. The muscle fatigue is defined as the failure which maintains the strength or off power during the contraction which is sustained or repeated (Zulhal, 2006:376). Fatigue can cause the reducing of physical work capacity. The reducing of work capacity will affect to the declining quality and quantity of an athlete. The cause is very specific and it depends on the working characteristic. The causes of fatigue can be observed from the anatomy aspects such as center nervous fatigue, neuromuscular, and skeleton muscle as well as functions aspects such as electrochemical fatigue, metabolic, the reduction of energy substrate, hyper/hypothermia, and dehydration (Septiani et al, 2010:179). Lactic acid accumulation of free H+ derived from the hydrolysis of ATP and anaerobic glycolysis in muscle exercise cause of fatigue. Due to the body's ability to neutralize a stack of lactic acid is not comparable to the speed of the lactic acid formed by the severity of exercise activities. According to (Giriwijoyo and Sidik 2013:51), fatigue can be defined into 2 types, mentally fatigue and physically fatigue. Mentally fatigue is fatigue which is caused by mental working while physically mental is caused by physical working or muscle working. Muscular fatigue limits the muscle working. Muscular fatigue can be local or general. It can accompany endurance sports and highEuropean Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 7 │ 2017 129 Wahyana Mujari Wahid, Muchsin Doewes, Siswandari A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF GENDER, ACTIVE RECOVERY AND COLD BATH METHODS ON LACTIC ACID LEVELS intensity exercise in short duration (Sarifin, 2010). The accumulation of lactic acid in blood becomes the basic problem in physical performance. It causes a chronic fatigue and decreases physical performance (Ahmaidi, 1996: 450). In general, the fulfilling of the energy in sport activities will be able through of two processes. Two processes are the anaerobic and aerobic. Anaerobic is high-intensity physical activity sport with a relatively short time, whereas aerobic is low-intensity physical activity sport with relatively for long time. For downloading the full article, please access the following link: http://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejep/article/view/917 European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 7 │ 2017 130