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High intensity, near maximal exercise is a conditioning activity which can cause neural hyper-stimulation and lead to acute enhanced power production known as post-activation potentiation (PAP). Investigations need to be conducted to better understand the duration and intensity of the conditioning activity and subsequent effects on the fatigue-potentiation relationship. Purpose: To investigate the effect of 30 seconds of continuous vertical jumping while wearing a vest loaded with 30% of body weight on power output as measured with a maximal vertical jump (VJ). Methods: 14 volunteers (8 weight trained males [23.0+2.9 yrs, 79.8+13.8 kg, 179.9+8.6 cm] and 6 weight trained females [23.0+2.9 yrs, 69.9+13.3 kg, 171.6+7.0 cm]) participated in the study. Pre-testing consisted of each participant performing 3 VJs. The highest VJ was recorded as baseline. A weighted vest was then loaded equaling 30% of the individual's body weight; while wearing the weighted vest, participants performed 30 seconds of continuous VJs. Immediately after jumping participants were seated in a chair for 3 minutes; at 3 minutes, they performed a maximal VJ without the weighted vest in the same manner as done during pre-testing. Two additional VJs were repeated at 4 and 5 minutes post weighted jumping. A mixed design ANOVA with repeated measures was performed. Results: Results showed main effects for each of the independent variables tested, gender and jump. The posttest values at all 3 intervals for both males and females were significantly different from the pretest scores (F [3, 36] = 21.74, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that the pretest VJ scores (M = 280.1±18.6 cm) decreased significantly at the 3 minute interval (M = 278.1±18.3 cm), followed by a significant increase in height at the 4 minute interval (M = 281.1±18.7 cm), and another increase at the 5 minute interval (M = 283.0±19.2 cm). Males jumped significantly higher than the females across all trials (p<0.05), however there was no significant difference between male and female VJ gain scores between pre-PAP VJ and 3, 4 and 5 minute post weighted exercise VJ. Conclusion: Results suggest that 30 seconds of weighted VJs causes fatigue which decreases VJ at 3 minutes post exercise. However, a PAP effect was seen at 4 and 5 minutes post weighted exercise significantly increasing VJ above pre testing. From a practical perspective, coaches must be aware of the complex nature of the fatigue-potentiation relationship when attempting to elicit a PAP effect in the individual athlete.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
The Effects of Potentiating Stimuli Intensity Under Varying Rest Periods on Vertical Jump Performance and Power2012 •
Journal of strength and conditioning research
Determination of Vertical Jump as a Measure of Neuromuscular Readiness and Fatigue2017 •
Coaches closely monitor training loads and periodize sessions throughout the season to create optimal adaptations at the proper time. However, only monitoring training loads ignores the innate physiological stress each athlete feels individually. Vertical jump (VJ) is widely used as a measure of lower body power, and has been used in post-match studies to demonstrate fatigue levels. However, no pre-training monitoring via VJ performance has been previously studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of VJ as a measure of readiness and fatigue on a daily sessional basis. Ten healthy resistance trained males (mass= 91.60 kg± 13.24 kg; height= 179.70 cm± 9.23 cm; age= 25.40 yrs± 1.51 yrs) and seven females (mass= 65.36 kg± 12.29 kg; height= 162.36± 5.75 cm; age= 25.00 yrs± 2.71 yrs) volunteered to participate. VJ and BRUNEL Mood Assessment (BAM) were measured four times: pre-workout one, post-workout one, pre-workout two, and post-workout two. Workout...
International journal of sports physiology and performance
Concurrent fatigue and potentiation in endurance athletesCountermovement jump (CMJ) and maximum running speed over a distance of 20 m were evaluated for examination of the concurrent fatigue and postactivation potentiation (PAP) in endurance athletes after an incremental field running test. Twenty-two endurance athletes performed two attempts of CMJ on a force plate and maximum running speed test before and following the Université de Montréal Track Test (UMTT). The results showed an improvement in CMJ height (3.6%) after UMTT that correlated with the increment in peak power (3.4%), with a concurrent peak force loss (-10.8%) that correlated with peak power enhancement. The athletes maintained their 20 m sprint performance after exhaustion. Cluster analysis reinforced the association between CMJ and peak power increments in responders with a reported correlation between peak power and sprint performance increments (r = .623; P = .041); nonresponders showed an impairment of peak force, vertical stiffness, and a higher vertical displacement ...
The present study examines the relationship between changes in vertical jump variables, estimated training load, and subjective measures of fatigue across a competitive season of Division I collegiate men’s soccer. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine changes in static and countermovement jump variables across a competitive season of collegiate soccer in relation to estimated training load and subjective measures of fatigue. METHODS: A total of twenty-one male Division I collegiate soccer players participated. Each athlete completed a daily mood-state questionnaire prior to the first training session and provided a session rating of perceived exertion value after each training and competitive bout. Further, nine vertical jump sessions were carried out across the competitive season following a day off. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to perform cross-correlation between training load for the seven days preceding each vertical jump session, changes in vertical jump height and allometrically scaled peak power, and mood and sleep-related component scores for the seven days preceding each vertical jump session. RESULTS: Statistically significant relationships were found between training load with a lag of 1, changes in static jump height (r = -0.96) and allometrically scaled peak power (r = -0.78), and changes in countermovement jump height (r = -0.89). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate changes in static jump height and allometrically scaled peak power may be more useful in monitoring athlete fatigue from the previous two weeks of training than countermovement jump variables. Allometrically scaled countermovement jump peak power may be a useful tool for prescribing alterations in an athlete’s training plan immediately following acute periods of heavy loading. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Changes in static jump height and allometrically scaled peak power serve as useful athlete monitoring tools.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
Manipulation of Rest Period Length Induces Different Causes of Fatigue in Vertical Jumping2009 •
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Influence of Recovery Duration After a Potentiating Stimulus on Muscular Power in Recreationally Trained Individuals2010 •
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Influence Of Recovery Duration Following A Potentiating Stimulus On Muscular Power In Recreationally Trained Individuals2009 •
European journal of sport science
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) in endurance sports: A review2018 •
While there is strong support of the usefulness of post-activation potentiation (PAP) phenomenon in power demanding sports, the role that PAP could play in endurance sports has received less attention. The aim of this review is to present evidence for a better understanding of PAP in endurance athletes; and to discuss the physiological basis and methodological aspects necessary for better practices and designing further studies. A search for relevant articles on PAP and endurance trained athletes was carried out using Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Twenty-two studies were included in the review. The current evidence suggests the possible influence of PAP for performance enhancement after appropriate conditioning activities during warm up. Evaluation of PAP responses during testing, training and competition may be also important for athletes monitoring. There are many unresolved questions about the optimum load parameters for benefiting from PAP in both training and comp...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Postactivation Potentiation Enhances Upper- and Lower-Body Athletic Performance in Collegiate Male and Female Athletes2015 •
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