ANDRAGOGY: FAMILY COMMUNICATION FOR ADULTS

: Adults have a lot of experience in life especially in the way of family communication, because they practice what they get so it is necessary andragogi. The aim of this study is to find out what forms of family communication still need to be understood and re-learned by adults. The method used is a systematic literature review taken from journals as literature, followed by searches as library sources in articles through Google Scholar and ResearchGate for the period 2018-2023. Based on the results obtained in the study, there are indicators of time management, making time as a quality meeting with the family, and a democratic communication pattern as well as the existence of adults who lack understanding of family communication and are essential for adults to learn in understanding in good time management and make time as quality meeting when family.


Introduction
The model of andragogy focuses on adult education based on the principle that adults have the readiness to learn the things they need to know to face real-world situations effectively.Besides, Rusdiana & Arifin (2020), say that an andragogic approach is based on some assumptions, one of which is that adults learn because of the need to know.Still, a lot of adults need an education, to know some things they don't understand.Just as adults as adult individuals have a need to set a goal for learning in life.Besides, andragogy has become artistic and scientific in teaching adults.In addition, according to Orphanage (2022:6) the term "adult" is based on the perfection of physical condition and age, and psychologically, in addition, an adult can play his role according to the needs of his position.So adult education refers to a condition in which adult students are viewed both physically (biologically), legally, socially, and psychologically.Additionally, adult education is an effort that individuals undertake for the purpose of self-development, as well as without the presence of coercion.In adult education, Wahono (2020) mentions that adults are more interested in studying things that are directly related to work and life.Basically, adults have so much experience, both in their professional lives and in other areas of life.That is, working with adult students requires a more appropriate approach to adult maturity, self-image, and experience.Knowles (1980) argued that adults are willing to learn something when they feel necessary to learn it, for example, to solve problems or face life's tasks in a more satisfying way.The lessons developed must be specific and relevant to the needs and future of the learning community.
Family communication is a part of adult life, which has been personally experienced and needs to be known.Besides, family communication, especially for adults, is a bridge to exchange thoughts.According to Kulsum & Jauhar (2014:57), the family is a human unity that interacts and communicates with each other.Each family member lacks understanding of the situation and the inability of each family member, so there is a misunderstanding of each other.Thus, communication within the family can also be understood as the willingness to openly talk about all the pleasant and unpleasant things in the family, as well as the readiness to solve problems within a family through conversations conducted with patience, honesty, and openness.In family life, there are adults who still need to learn the importance of family communication, because there are still many adults who have not yet understood how important family communication is.A skill in communicating in family life is crucial because family communication barriers can affect the family relationship itself.
According to Sarnoto (2021), it is not uncommon for many families to experience communication barriers, especially for spouses who are busy at work, so that communication with children and members is not well connected.
The family communication that occurs within the family consists of a father and a mother as adults, or even a child who is no longer a teenager.According to Ismaya (2019: 122), communication has become a very important thing in family life, especially for adults.Family communication can be beneficial to parents and children.Parents as adults in the family can establish communication that can support the child's abilities, and encourage discussion or exchange of minds without shooting and criticizing family members, this will make family life more comfortable and warm.Family communication according to Eadie (2009: 303) is the study of family interactions and the meaning derived from them.According to Ningsih (2017), family communication is communication that takes place within the family, in particular how family members interact with other members, and is a means of building and sharing values that should be the guidelines of life.
Seeing the phenomenon in the news explains, that there is a Family Communication Crisis by S. Sahala Elder Saragih LB Prodi Journalistik Fikom Unpad (2019), says from day to day more and more people have, use, and master more than one device and application of information and communication technology (TIK).At the same time, communication with the closest people, the family, is becoming poorer.On the results of research Zuhro et al., (2022), family communication is very important to be noted, so that family communication becomes effective communication in the family environment itself.In addition, a study conducted by Sakti & Sulung (2020) explains that family communication patterns or family roles influence in preventing children from behaving deviantly.The understanding of family communication is still lacking and adults need to re-understand the importance of communication in family life by following adult learning or adragogi.
From the phenomenon that has been mentioned, the a need for adult learning about the importance of family communication.Given that adults have had a lot of experience in the field, and tend to apply what they learn quickly.And where andragogy becomes so important because it refers more to the idea that an individual is an adult who is considered capable of developing consciousness to understand and master his environment.There are still many adults who are less concerned about the importance of family communication, making it difficult to dig out any form of family communication that adults need to learn.

Material and Methods
The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review, which is the research carried out to analyze selected literature from various sources in order to come to a conclusion and generate new ideas.This research refers to the research and development methodology carried out to gather and evaluate research related to focus on a particular topic.Data search for the Systematic Literature Review through the initial search process was done based on the year of publication of the journal by looking at the time range, then using keywords "family communication", "andragogi", and "adult".This study using a literature search strategy was done by accessing electronic databases online through Google Scholar and Research Gate.This selection is through the database because the database publishes many articles and some articles are accessible for free.at the beginning of the search through the database using inclusion criteria, which focused on articles with research titles in the form of andragogy, and family communication related to adults.
Then use the exclusion criteria by looking at the time of publication, where the journal has the range of the year 2018-2023 and the journal comes from Indonesia.At the final stage, an evaluation is carried out by removing journals with the same title and author, and incomplete texts and verifying the results of the research.

Results and Discussion
The search for literature is carried out through four stages: 1) Title review is that every search list title is reviewed.The articles, which clearly did not meet the above-mentioned criteria, were rejected from further analysis.2) An abstract review, where each abstract article is included in further analysis after a review of the title based on criteria.3) Full text review.4) Review the selected article references.5) Systematic review.

Figure 1: Systematic Review Flow
From the search results of literature with systematic literature review have been obtained 84,600 journals and articles using the keywords family communication.Then use the exclusion criteria by looking at the time of publication and the relevance of research obtained literature.In the final phase, an assessment is carried out by removing several journals with the same title and author, the incomplete text, and verifying the results of the research.Authors obtain 5 journals or articles with texts corresponding to the criteria set.
That means five journals or research articles were selected and selected for this research.As mentioned in the methodology section, the article must meet all the criteria for inclusion in the research.
The results of the study show that commonality does not come automatically, there must be a commitment to pursue it.Since instant messages are the best support for continuous communication in the family besides, research also demonstrates the role of the mother as a bridge of communication between the child and the father (Yoanita, 2022).
According to Alfaruqy (2020:66), family can be defined as a group of people having a clear role, responsible to everyone else in the group, sharing history and future, understand each others living space and communication rules.It means that adults have a very meaningful responsibility and role in the course of communication between adults as parents and children.In the study Ekaningtyas (2022) mentions that parents agree that the role of parents is not only to meet family financial needs, but they must also devote time and energy to understanding, communicating, and caring for their children.It shows that adults as parents need to understand the important role of family communication.Furthermore, according to Kao & Martyn (Widyarini et al., 2019), adolescents understand the message delivered by parents through direct communication.It allows adults to develop communication skills in family interactions that should be done by parents, both for themselves and for family members.Parents as communicators in order not to hesitate and have a consistent attitude to acquire high credibility must have good communication skills, broad knowledge, attitude, and good competence attractiveness.In fact, family communication is needed not only by families consisting of parents and children but also by other family members such as grandmothers, grandparents, aunts, and others who live together, Simbolon & Pirandy (2023) in their research mentions the time constraints that family members have because of their own occupation make them forget that there is something that needs their attention, the elderly, whether it is their parents, grandmother or aunt who lives in the home.Indirectly, the adult in family life plays an important role as a communicator, serves as a source of information, filters and evaluates the information obtained, and processes information in a form suitable for many family members as a recipient group, so that the receiver group can understand the information.
Adults as parents at home who have busy work need to meet expectations in the implementation of family communication management and realize a harmonious and prosperous family, Kuswanti et al. ( 2020) mention there are several options for a working mother namely: (1) good time management; (2) making time with the child as a quality meeting; (3) good communication with the caregiver; (4) do not replace affection with money; and (5) it is very important to supervise the child.Management in family communication is a form of how adults practice and maintain the importance of family communication, especially with family members such as children.Bahfiarti (2016:75) mentions that communication in the family is the formation of family life patterns that contain educational elements, shapes the attitudes and behavior of children affect the development of children.Besides, family communication is a major mechanism of socializing experiences and interacting with family members which is a process of learning to communicate and learning to think about contact information.They also learn how relationships work as well as learn for them how to behave within the framework of relationships.
In the results of the research carried out Sabarua & Mornene (2020) mentioned that in family communication the successful communication pattern is, the pattern of communication of democracy where the communication patterns of parents who precede the interests and goals of the child over personal interests, willingness to receive advice/opinions even criticism and also happy in working together to a goal.Parents always put their children's interests above their personal interests, they do their needs first.The democratic communication pattern demonstrates the effectiveness of family communication, and helps establish a good communication relationship with every family member, especially the adult in practice.Seeprti according to Bahfiarti (2016: 72) communication is expected to be effective communication, through effective communication can lead to understanding, joy, and influence about improving attitudes, relationships, and actions.Through the democratic communication model, we have shown how effective a family communication is, thus creating an integrated and harmonious relationship between parents as adults and adolescents, and expected openness between parents and teenagers in discussing problems and difficulties.Some of the literature results of the above research show that there are still a lot of adults and parents who do not understand the role of family communication.Of course, there is a growing need for anarchy to understand family communication, because poor family communication also has a negative impact on each family member, as some research finds above.The need for andragogy is to study family communication for adult personal development, as according to Wahono (2020) the adult education process should result in changes in attitudes and behavior which are (can be categorized) as personal development and increased social participation of the individual concerned.In addition, Widodo (2020:1) mentions that parents in addition to being students in adult education are also part of Indonesian society and have the right to education to continue to develop their abilities, especially to accompany their children in their education.So human beings as individuals and social beings will communicate and influence each other in different relationships, in different styles and ways.The same applies to family communication, whether between individuals, family members, parents with children, and with other families as individuals, groups, or as one family.Adults who are also trapped as parents need to understand the role of each family member, besides, they need to have good time management for every family member to bring about family communication.Make time for a quality meeting when with a family whether it's your son, grandmother, grandpa, uncle, or aunt living in the same house so that time and communication can make a peaceful paradise.With good time management and making time as a quality meeting, of course, family members gathering together will become more and more understanding, listening to each other, giving advice, receiving advice, and family communication will become increasingly important in the family.So it makes the family the best place of communication needed to maintain its well-being.

Recommendations
Adult learning involvement or andragogy is important for adults as well as parents in understanding the importance of family communication in everyday life.Seeing adults ready to learn a lot of what they need to know to face real-world situations effectively.So adults as objects and subjects in andragogy must constantly develop their abilities to become more intelligent, to develop their potential, and to be more democratic towards other family members through family communication.In addition, it is also necessary to enhance the involvement of adults as parents through family communication in the education of their sons and daughters.

Conclusion
Based on the literature that has been reviewed, it shows that adults and also as parents with andragogy need to understand the important role of each family member, in order to a family communication.Besides, in order to have good and effective family communication, the first indicator requires an understanding of time management.Adults are able to manage or organize the time they have as well as they can, so that effective family communication remains uninterrupted and unhindered.The existence of time management is time management for meeting family members and establishing family communication, exchanging opinions, and receiving input, is an effective form of communication.
Second, making time as a quality meeting when with family is essential.Making a family meeting comfortable is essential, especially when meeting with a family or gathering with family members.Practice effective family communication so that meetings become quality by re-enhancing the closeness between family members by creating quality time moments so that they are warmer and more comfortable when interacting.
Next, most importantly, using democratic communication patterns in the practice of family communication.Through the practice of democratic communication patterns, adults are able to understand and receive input or advice from other family members.Because, as adults and parents, not only give energy or money, but a communication to exchange thoughts, and give each other input or advice.The democratic communication pattern makes adults as parents more sensible of the opinions of their children.
So, with time management indicators, making time for a quality family meeting, and a democratic communication pattern, can help an adult communicate effectively with family members.Family communication is also a reflection of interpersonal relationships in each family member.Family communication is also a reflection of interpersonal relationships in each family member.Heavenly communication is effective and consistent with the previously mentioned indicators, making family communication a tool for shaping, inserting, and dissolving relationships.Through the family, family members are constantly in contact with each other through family communication.
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