DETERMINING FACTORS OF SELF-CONFIDENCE IN A USING SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT PATH ANALYSIS

: This research aims to analyze the social aspects of the direct and indirect causes of various factors that influence self-confidence, with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis. Linkert scale method and analyzed using Structural Equation Models and Path Analysis. This method will examine cause and effect chronologically between variables, to examine direct and indirect effects as well as the dominance of a set of variables as cause and effect over other variables as effect variables. This research found that based on six scenario models proposed and tested with three different calibrations, namely (a) based on data, (b) based on gender (c) based on age range. The results obtained show that based on general data, for the first scenario, self-confidence is partly influenced by heredity (3.12%), self-confidence (2.81%), body weight (3.07%), and work (9, 77%), and for the second scenario the results obtained show that self-confidence is influenced by factors (4.12%), body weight (2.82%), and work (10.7%). Then the results based on gender data show that for women self-confidence is partially influenced by confidence factors (8.65%) and for men, it is influenced by weight factors (6.65%).


Introduction
Self-confidence is an important factor in the social interaction process because each person behaves according to their abilities and potential (Zhao, 2022).The first process in forming self-confidence is the formation of a personality that is appropriate to the stage of development, the second is understanding one's strengths and weaknesses, the third is through the experiences one has gone through and the last is confidence in a determination.Self-confidence is an aspect of personality in the form of belief in one's own abilities so that one is not influenced by other people and can act according to one's wishes, be happy, optimistic, tolerant, and responsible (Hadi S., 2023).Self-confidence can be interpreted as an attitude or behavior that is born from response or acceptance, with self-confidence being a positive thing that can be useful for oneself, in life in the future (Becky Francis, 2020).
Self-confidence is a reflection of an individual's overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her self-esteem, which is a decision made by an individual as an attitude toward oneself (Blake H., 2021).Self-confidence includes beliefs about one's own emotional states such as victory, despair, pride, and shame (Issa I Salame, 2019).(Marvaud, 2021) defines it as self.Self-concept is what a person thinks about himself, and self-esteem, which is a positive or negative evaluation of himself, as he feels.Etymologically, self-confidence is influenced by several factors, namely self-concept, selfesteem, experience, and education.The results of the interactions that occur will produce a self-concept, self-concept is defined as a person's image of themselves which is a combination of physical, psychological, social emotional, aspirational beliefs, and achievements (Killingsworth M., 2018).People who are satisfied with their physical condition and appearance generally have higher self-confidence than those who are not (Lochbaum M., 2022).Apart from that, self-confidence is also divided into two factors that have been proven by hypotheses, namely internal and external factors.These internal factors consist of physical factors (height, weight, good looks/beauty, age, experience), self-formation by the family (providing freedom of opinion in the family, family harmony, parents ' work, parents' position, parents' wealth, religion).Meanwhile, for external factors, self-confidence is formed from education, work, and environmental associations (Gottlieb M., 2022).
From this theory, this research will specifically analyze the relationship between independent variables, namely age, height, weight, status, heredity, occupation, income, religious observance, communication skills, and self-confidence, which are hypothesized based on research that has been tested previously that individuals who deviate from the norm, in both directions, will have lower self-confidence than within normal limits (Zong Y., 2022).This research was conducted by applying the Structure Equation Model which is associated with Path Analysis that examines the influence of dominant factors that influence self-confidence (Rohrer J., 2022).This data analysis is based on a statistical approach that will produce relevant information that can be used as a reference for selfdevelopment based on basic patterns taken from surveys collected from interviewees to find the most dominant patterns and factors in self-confidence (Montalbano L., 2023).
In this research, the data used is data that will be analyzed based on statistics which will produce relevant information that can be used as a reference for development based on basic patterns taken based on surveys collected from sources to find the most dominant patterns and factors in trust.a person's self (Lestari N., 2022).In the analysis developed as a reference for this research, why the relationship or correlation of a person's self-confidence is still lacking in information, is closely related to the variables that the examiner will propose in the concept of factors that may be related to a person's self-confidence, both to find out direct and indirect factors.from related research, and what factors have the strongest influence on a person's self-confidence (Volevakha I., 2021).So this research is new research that is based on psychological aspects that have been researched previously in previous research both in terms of psychology and statistical research, in various things that have been carried out by previous researchers which show that a person's self-concept and self-confidence influence factors.a person's external and internal (Patterson M., 2022).This research will discuss how the relationship between independent variables and self-confidence is hypothesized based on previously tested research that individuals who deviate from the norm, in either direction, will have lower self-confidence than within normal limits.This research was also carried out by applying SEM (Structure Equation Model) which is associated with path analysis which examines the influence of dominant factors that influence self-confidence (Yaling, 2022).The results of this research, have explained the role of path analysis in finding direct and indirect determinants, which in this research is self-confidence research conducted on self-confidence is still very rare and has minimal information and the development of the factors studied is still within the scope of a narrow approach to a wider variety of factors that influence a person's self-confidence to determine the direct and indirect effects and how strong these factors are on self-confidence (Reichman M., 2022).

Literature Review
Previous research conducted by (van Munster E., 2022), the conclusion of this research is that predisposing and environmental determinants, awareness, attitudes, self-efficacy, social influences, self-confidence, and barriers) were investigated.Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of discussing mental health problems in this population.Furthermore, internal validation was carried out using the bootstrapping method for discussing mental health with clients, it was found that several factors could predict discussions about mental health: female gender (OR = 4.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 21. 61), higher education (OR = 3.39; CI 1.19 to 9.66), intention to discuss mental health problems (OR = 3.49; CI 1.20 to 10.15), lower selfefficacy higher (OR = 1.11;CI 1.02 to 1.20), and higher perceived social influence (OR = 1.15;CI 1.05 to 1.27).Good discrimination after internal validation is reflected in the area under the curve (0.850).
Previous research conducted by (Silverberg E., 2021), this study concluded that one-third of Americans who suffer from diabetes will experience diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the main cause of blindness in Americans of working age.Social determinants of health (SDOH) are conditions in a person's environment that can impact health.This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between SDOH and DR in type II diabetes patients.This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).The study included people with selfreported diabetes in the US in 2018 (n = 60,703).Variables included include homeownership, marital status, income, health care coverage, level of education completed, and urban vs. rural environment.The outcome variable is DR.Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI confidence intervals (CI).Alaska Native/ Native American (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14-3.90),unemployed (OR 2.82; 95% CI: 1.62-4.92),unable to work ( OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.57-2.91),did not graduate from high school (OR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.30-2.79),only graduated from high school (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08-1.97),or attending only college or technical school without graduating (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.86)were the SDOH associated with DR in diabetes patients.Healthcare providers should identify possible SDOH affecting their diabetes patients.
In previous research conducted by (Jiang Y., 2023), the conclusion of this research model included age, depression, social support, and self-confidence as independent variables.Age had a direct relationship with self-care maintenance (β = 0.235, p < 0.001) but not self-care management (β = 0.067, p = 0.179); better social support was directly related to higher levels of self-care confidence (β = 0.267, p < 0.001); and higher levels of self-care self-efficacy were associated with better self-care (β = 0.573, p < 0.001) and selfcare management (β = 0.683, p < 0.001).The results showed an indirect relationship between social support and self-care management through self-care self-confidence as a mediator (β = 0.153, p < 0.001), as well as an indirect relationship between social support and self-care management through self-care self-confidence (β = 0.182, p < 0.001).
Previous research conducted by (Mortenson W., 2022), concluded that age is related to psychosocial outcomes for assistive device users, and those who use walking aids may experience increased challenges with depression and negotiating the physical environment.Pending confirmatory research, these findings may have important implications for intervention targets related to device provision and we were able to explain between 39% and 65% of the variance (adjusted R2) in the dependent variable with a parsimony regression model.Age was an independent predictor of all outcomes.Women were less confident in negotiating the physical environment and the use of a walker was associated with depression and lower self-confidence in negotiating the physical environment, but increased self-confidence in negotiating the social environment.

Methodology
The purpose of this research is: a) to analyze correlations or relationships to see the factors that influence a person's self-confidence based on the results of the sample data tested, b) to find the dominant factors that influence and do not influence and the total influence on self-confidence.This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach based on path analysis and Linkert scales to find variables that are dominant in a person's self-confidence.Path analysis (path analysis), is an extension of multiple linear regression and allows analysis of more complex models, path is a technique for analyzing cause and effect relationships that occur in multiple regression if the independent variable influences the dependent variable not only directly, but also indirectly.direct.The regression weights predicted in a model are compared with the observed correlation matrix for all variables and a goodness-of-fit test is also calculated (Richter N., 2022).
Path analysis is an analytical technique used to analyze cause-and-effect relationships.Mathematically, this analysis is nothing but multiple regression analysis on standardized data, the data correlation coefficient is sorted into structural (causal) and non-structural (non-causal) components which are based on the stated theory. in path diagrams (Mona Alinejad-Naeini, 2023).In recent developments, path analysis techniques can be carried out within the framework of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) which is an analysis technique that combines factor analysis and regression analysis, in addition to path analysis (Kunicki Z., 2023).
Hypothesis testing from path analysis is carried out based on sample data research, namely: a) determining the correlation matrix, b) determining the path coefficient path, c) testing the significance of the path coefficient, d) formulating the direct, indirect, and total effects of results of calculating path coefficients and (e) testing the suitability of the model.The concept and theory of self-confidence is an attitude in a person who can accept reality, develop self-awareness, think positively, have independence, and have the ability to have everything he wants (Dalgaard N., 2022).Self-confidence is also defined as a positive attitude of an individual that allows him to develop a positive assessment, both of himself and the environment he faces, one of the important aspects of a person's personality.Self-confidence is a very valuable attribute in a person's social life, without self-confidence then it will cause a lot of problems within a person.This is because, with self-confidence, a person can actualize all the potential he has (Ali Asghar Ghasemi, 2020).Self-confidence is urgent for every individual to have.Self-confidence is needed by children and parents, individually and in groups.Factors that influence self-confidence are factors that influence self-confidence which are formed from the way an individual views themselves.These factors are divided into two basic concepts, namely internal factors that grow from within the individual's self-acceptance and external factors that are created based on external factors in the individual (Zajdel M., 2022).
Internal factors (Fitzgerald M., 2022), include: a) self-concept is self-esteem, self-confidence, self-esteem, or self-acceptance which includes all beliefs and assessments about ourselves b) self-esteem, self-esteem is a personal assessment of the results achieved by analyzing the extent to which behavior can fulfill the ideal self, c) appearance and physical condition is dissatisfaction with body appearance generally refers to a negative subjective evaluation of a person's body such as weight, height, beauty, handsomeness, age, and other physical conditions.which is not following the stigma in the surrounding environment, d) self-formation by family, parents or people around you has an important role in shaping a person's character and self-confidence, character formation and selfconfidence, e) self-formation by family, parents or the people around them have an important role in forming an individual's character and self-confidence.The formation of character from an early age is also a major factor in the formation of each individual's personality because childhood is one of the main influences that contribute to an individual's self-confidence.
External factors (Orkibi H., 2021), include: a) self-efficacy, namely a person's belief in one's ability to succeed in a certain situation or complete a task, b) society or the environment is one of the main contributors to low self-confidence c) relationships, all relationships can influence a person's self-confidence, including romantic relationships that a person tends to have, d) education, namely a low level of education tends to make individuals feel under the power of smarter people, conversely, individuals with higher education tend to be independent and do not need to depend on others.Heredity, the diversity of genetic and non-genetic processes that produce offspring resembling their parents is increasingly well understood.In addition to genetic inheritance, parent-offspring similarity is influenced by epigenetic, behavioral, and cultural mechanisms that can collectively be referred to as non-genetic inheritance.Given the generality of Price as a description of evolutionary change, it is not surprising that the Price equation was adopted to model the evolutionary implications of non-genetic inheritance (Granqvist, 2021).
Trust is an individual's perception which is the result of judgment, experience, and disposition, where he believes and is willing to act based on the words, actions, and decisions of others.This can include reliance on principles, rules, norms, and decisionmaking procedures that articulate shared expectations (Melissa Oxlad, 2021).Height is a change in growth that is assessed or measured from one level to another level of development from one time period to another, so growth also involves changes in quantities such as body weight, height, chest width and so on which can be seen at a time.organism (Thomas J. Nyman, 2021).Body weight is a very unstable anthropometric parameter, under normal conditions where good health and a balance between consumption and nutritional needs are guaranteed, body weight increases with age.On the other hand, in abnormal conditions, there are two possibilities for weight development, determining body weight is done by weighing (Alicia Carter, 2023).Work is a relationship involving two parties between the company and the worker/employee, the worker will receive a salary as a reward from the company or employer and the amount depends on the type of profession carried out based on a contract agreed by both parties.Work refers to the importance of an activity, the time and energy spent, and the rewards obtained, and is a certain set of skills and competencies that must always be improved over time (Kine Askim, 2022).
Education is the development of students' psychological, emotional and motoric potential, by passing on cultural values from generation to generation and developing adaptability to face a future that continues to change and in line with advances in science and technology as well as to improve and develop students' morals to know where right and wrong (Horváth, 2020).
This research has several general objectives, namely: a) to prove what factors are assumed to influence self-confidence and how to test whether these factors have a direct or indirect influence on the relationship/relationship with self-confidence, b) secondly how to model the relationship and validity of the relationship between factors that influence self-confidence, the next step is to test the most dominant factors on self-confidence and categorize them based on the respondent's gender and age.

Results
Age level is general information that underlies the background of problem identification from the assumptions of the theory that underlies a person's self-confidence, so that to answer the data to be tested, this age level will be a determining factor in testing the hypothesis determining factors in testing the final results of the hypothesis.Results The age level of respondents was then categorized into 6 categories with levels less than 20 years, 21 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, and so on until more than 60 years.For respondents based on gender, male respondents have a percentage of 52%, where this dominates.The general description of respondents based on age level is general information categorized into 6 categories with levels less than 20 years, 21 to 30 years, 31 up to 40 years, and above 60 years.Distribution of age levels based on collected data, with the percentage aged 21 to 30 years dominating the total of 100 respondents, with a percentage figure of 58%, followed by those aged less than 20 years at 26%, aged 30 to 40 years at 9%, and 41 to 50 years old as much as 4%, and the remainder namely 51 to 60 years old and those over 61 years old as much as 0% and 3% respectively.

Discussion
Descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the variables used to estimate the influence of preferences on respondents and served as the basis for the analysis.In this study, independent variables were used consisting of Age (X1), Heredity (X2), Confidence (X3), Height (X4 ), Body Weight (X5), Occupation (X6), Education (X7), Relationship or communication (X8) and dependents are Self-Confidence (Y), hypothesis testing is as follows:

Relationship between factors that influence self-confidence:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X3, X5, X6 and Y.
b) X2 has a direct effect on all variables (X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and Y) but not X1.c) X3 has a direct influence on X5, X6, X7, X8, and Y. d) X4 has no effect on all variables except variable Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variables X4 and Y. f) X6 only has a direct influence on variable Y. g) X7 has a direct influence on variables X6 and Y only.h) X8 has a direct effect on variable Y. Hypothesis testing of the relationship between factors that influence selfconfidence is calculated according to the scenario framework.

Dominant factors that influence self-confidence:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X2, X4, X6 and Y. b) X2 has a direct effect on variable X4. c) The X3 has a direct effect on the X6 and Y. d) X4 has a direct effect on variables X6 and Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variables X4, X6, X7, and Y. f) X6 has a direct effect on variables X8 and Y. g) X7 has a direct effect on variables X6, X8 and Y. h) X8 has a direct effect on variable Y. Hypothesis testing of the dominant factors that influence self-confidence will be calculated according to the scenario framework, while the correlation matrix recapitulates hypothesis testing.

Relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on male gender:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X3, X5, X6 and Y. b) X2 has a direct effect on variables X3, X4, X6, and X7.c) X3 has a direct influence on X6, X7, X8, and Y. d) X4 has a direct effect on variables X6, X8 and Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variables X4, X6, X8, and Y. f) X6 has a direct effect on variable Y. g) X7 has a direct effect on variables X6 and Y. h) X8 has a direct effect on variables X6, X7, and Y. Hypothesis testing of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on male gender.
The results of the analysis of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on male gender based on the variable test (t-count) have a significant effect on the variable and the hypothesis is accepted or the variable does not affect the dependent variable (t-tab).
Results of path analysis of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on male gender.

Relevance of variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's selfconfidence based on female gender:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X5, and X6.b) X2 has a direct effect on variables X3, X4, X6, and X7.c) X3 has a direct influence on X6, X7, and Y. d) X4 has a direct effect on variables X6 and Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variable X4. f) X6 and Y X6 have a direct effect on variable Y. g) X7 has a direct effect on variables X6 and Y. Hypothesis testing of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on female gender.The results of the analysis of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on female gender based on the variable test (t-count) have a significant effect on the variable and the hypothesis is accepted or the variable does not affect the dependent variable (t-tab).Results of path analysis of the relationship between variables that determine the dominant factor in a person's self-confidence based on female gender.

The variable age <20 years has an effect on self-confidence:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X3, X5, X6, X7, and Y. b) X2 has a direct effect on variables X5, X6, X7 and Y. c) X3 has a direct effect on Y. d) X4 has a direct effect on variables X6 and Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variables X4 and Y. f) X6 has a direct effect on variables X3, X5, and Y. g) X7 has a direct effect on variables X3, X6, and Y. Hypothesis testing on the variable age <20 years has an effect on a person's selfconfidence based on female gender.
The results of the analysis of the relationship between the variable age < 20 years and self-confidence based on the variable test (t-count) have a significant influence on this variable and the hypothesis is accepted or the variable has no effect on the dependent variable (t-tab).
Path analysis results for the variable age <20 years which influences selfconfidence.

The variable age > 21-30 years has an effect on self-confidence:
a) X1 has a direct effect on X3, X5, X6 and Y. b) X2 has a direct effect on variables X3, X4, X6, and X7.c) X3 has a direct influence on X6, X7, X8, and Y. d) X4 has a direct effect on variables X6, X8 and Y. e) X5 has a direct effect on variables X4, X6, X8, and Y. f) X6 has a direct effect on variable Y. g) X7 has a direct influence on variables X6, X7, and Y.
h) X8 has the influence of X6 and Y.
Testing the hypothesis that the variable age 21-30 years has an effect on a person's self-confidence based on female gender.The results of the analysis of the relationship between the variable age 20-30 years influence self-confidence based on the variable test (t-count) which significantly influences the variable and the hypothesis is accepted or the variable has no effect on the dependent variable (t-tab).
Path analysis results for variables aged 21-30 years that influence self-confidence.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis in testing the path analysis model which has been categorized into three types of research data, namely general data analysis, data based on gender, namely male and female gender, and based on age data, namely age range less than 20 years.and age range 21-30 years.From each scenario model, data variants are analyzed based on respondents' answers to selected questions and open-ended general questions, which relate to individual self-confidence based on belief theory.It can be concluded from each test that the confidence and work variables have a dominant influence.for each category of data on self-confidence, namely interpreting that selfconfidence is built based on religious beliefs, which also directly influence job choices.
The results of this study show that based on general data, for the first scenario, selfconfidence is partly influenced by hereditary factors (3.12%), confidence (2.81%), (3.07%), and work (9.77%) and for the second scenario the results obtained show that selfconfidence is influenced by factors, confidence (4.12%), body weight (2.82%), and work (10.7%).Then the results based on gender data show that for women, self-confidence is partially influenced by self-confidence factors (8.65%) and for men, it is influenced by weight factors (6.65%).

Conflict of Interest Statement
We, the authors, hereby declare that there is no conflict of interest that affects the integrity or objectivity of writing this international journal.We have adhered to the principles of good faith and responsibility in carrying out research and compiling this article.Thus we make this statement truthfully.

About the Author(s)
Endah Setyaningsih, Maya Nursalfi Yani, Nugroho Catur Prasetyo are final semester students who specialize in Organizational and Industrial Psychology and Educational Psychology at the Program Study Master of Professional Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Persada Indonesia University Y.A.I.Jakarta.
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