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European Journal of Education Studies ISSN: 2501 - 1111 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1111 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu Volume 3 │ Issue 10 │ 2017 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.996074 TURKISH STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON NATURE OF SCIENCE Mehmet Karakaşi Artvin Coruh University, Turkey Abstract: This paper explored students' views on nature of science using qualitative research techniques, mainly in-depth individual interviews. Sample consisted of 18 students enrolled on 7th grade in a small public school in northeastern Turkey. Findings revealed that students had mixed views on nature of science, as it is the case with the scientific community today. Students held contemporary views about some aspects of NOS and traditionalist views about other aspects. This study calls for improving the teaching of NOS in Turkish middle school science classrooms. Keywords: nature of science, middle school science teaching, Turkey 1. Introduction Helping students understand nature of science (NOS) has long been central goal of science education (AAAS, 1990). There has been a long tradition of theoretical writings concerned with establishing the cultural, educational, and scientific benefits of teaching about NOS (Lawson, 1999; Schwab, 1958; Klopfer, 1969; Lederman, 1992; Abd-ElKhalick, 1998). However, the vast majority of research forces the conclusion that the goal has been largely unfulfilled. Part of the problem can be attributed to a justifiable confusion about just what science and nature of science is (Lawson, 1999). Typically, NOS refers to the epistemology of science and science as a way of knowing (Lederman, 1992). However, philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and science educators are quick to disagree on a specific definition for NOS. Such disagreement, however, should not be surprising given the complex nature of science (Lederman, 1992). Moreover, similar to scientific knowledge, conceptions of NOS are tentative and dynamic: these conceptions have changed throughout the Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. © 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group 176 İsmail Kinay, Kasım Karataş TURKISH STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON NATURE OF SCIENCE development of science (McComas, 1998). There is no single NOS that fully describes all scientific knowledge and enterprises (Schwartz & Lederman, 2002) and there is always likely to be an active debate at the philosophical level about NOS (McComas, 1998). However, at the level of helping individuals understand the basic of science in order to promote an effective science literacy, there is an agreement (even though not complete) about the aspects of NOS among science educators that scientific knowledge is tentative (subject to change), empirically based (based on and/or derived from observations of the natural world), subjective (theory-laden), partly the product of human inference, imagination, and creativity (involves the invention of explanation), and socially and culturally embedded (Schwartz & Lederman, 2002). Two additional important aspects are the distinction between observations and inferences, and the functions of and relationships between scientific theories and laws (Lederman, 1992). Abd-El-Khalick and Lederman (2000) in their critical review of literature state that results from several studies were consistent, regardless of the assessment instruments used in the individual studies, that students have not acquired adequate understanding of NOS. For instance, students thought that scientific knowledge was absolute, that scientists’ main concern was to collect and classify facts in order to uncover natural laws, and that hypotheses can be proven true. Additionally, students had inappropriate conceptions of the role of creativity in science, the role of theories in guiding the scientific research, the difference between experimentation, models, hypotheses, laws, and theories. Researchers therefore argued that science curricula were not successful in improving such knowledge (Abd-El-Khalick, 1998). As seen from the above summary of literature there is confusion about NOS even among science educators, then how we can expect students to have appropriate understanding about NOS. It is expressed in the writings of Cobern (1993) that one can pass exams and still not have had appropriate understanding about NOS. Furthermore, Lederman 1999 writes that “teachers’ conceptions of NOS do not necessarily influence their classroom practices.” All these writings suggest improving teaching of NOS. The study attempts to explicate Turkish students’ perceptions of NOS. Such information should provide useful data to increase our understanding of NOS’s perception among students. For viewing / downloading the full article, please access the following link: https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1064 European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 3 │ Issue 10 │ 2017 177