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Dans cet article est présentée et discutée une approche pour le choix d’une planification didactique efficace à l’enseignement des sciences physiques et naturelles dans la classe. Cette analyse propose un grand effort au niveau de la recherche éducative dirigée avant tout vers l’approfondissement de nos connaissances quant aux questions au sujet de la nature de l’apprentissage et surtout de l’apprentissage scientifique pendant le développement de l’enfant. Elle s’oriente aussi vers les modalités et les fonctions de l’apprentissage aux différents degrés de l’éducation, sur la base de l’apport de diverses connaissances et compétences qui vont de l’épistémologie et la psychologie à la didactique contemporaine. In this article is presented and discussed an approach to the choice of an effective didactic project for the teaching of sciences at the school. This analysis propose a great effort at the level of educational research directed primarily towards deepening our knowledge on issues about the nature of learning and especially the scientific learning during the child development. The analysis also turned to the modalities and functions of learning at different levels of education, on the basis of the contribution of various knowledge and skills ranging from epistemology and psychology in the contemporary didactics.
The investigative approach (DI) demonstrates more and more its potential in teaching. Indeed, it enables students to develop skills, attitudes and interests, which are necessary to live in a society increasingly dependent on the applications of science. This study falls within the framework of research studies questioning the application of the investigative approach in the teaching of science in Morocco. In this work, we aim to highlight the representations of secondary school teachers about the concept of investigative approach, see whether this approach is adopted or not in the teaching of experimental sciences disciplines (Science of life and earth, Science of physics and chemistry) and determine the constraints and the obstacles to its implementation. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was drawn up and was the subject of an exploratory study among 45 teachers of experimental sciences practicing in different secondary schools in Fez city. The results of this survey reveal, firstly, that the teachers questioned seem to have confusions about the investigation process and secondly, they highlight the presence of a set of constraints and difficulties which prevent its application in the classroom.
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