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European Journal of Education Studies ISSN: 2501 - 1111 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1111 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1134243 Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF SPORTSPERSONSHIP AND NARCISSISM OF ATHLETES Ünsal Tazegüli Mardin Artuklu University, High School of Physical Education and Sports, Turkey Abstract: This study aims to reveal the relationship between the levels of sportspersonship and narcissism of athletes. The sample of the study was selected by 33 football players, 36 volleyball players, 40 handball players and 30 basketball players who already ranked among the top three athletes in Turkish Championships. Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale were used as a collection tool in the study. Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v20 software package was also used to analyze the data. The descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data, a correlation analysis was used to determine the severity and direction of the relationship between variables and regression analysis was used to reveal cause-effect relationship between the variables. As a result of the correlation analysis carried out, it was determined that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between an athlete’s narcissism score, and respect for opponents and respect for social convention. Keywords: narcissism, sportspersonship, basketball, football, volleyball 1. Introduction When the concepts of narcissism and sportspersonship are evaluated, it is seen that these two concepts are totally incompatible with each other. Athletes who develop their narcissistic personalities are success-oriented and able to do anything at any moment for success, but athletes who develop their sportspersonship levels prefer to defeat their opponent in a fair game without exhibiting behavior contrary to the spirit of sports. Despite the fact that the concepts of narcissism and sportspersonship are evaluated Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. © 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group 420 Ünsal Tazegül THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF SPORTSPERSONSHIP AND NARCISSISM OF ATHLETES under separate titles in the literature, no research was found that directly reveals the relationship between narcissism and sportspersonship. Narcissistic individuals excessively admire themselves physically and spiritually, get above themselves and constantly except for appreciation, attention and approval; so they believe that they immediately draw a special interest and deserve a superior position in everywhere they go. It is an inevitable fact that disappointments and hurts in such intense narcissistic expectations are not a coincidence. The self-esteem of the narcissistic individuals mostly relies on interest, appreciation and approval from outside sources. These people cannot handle criticism, but constantly seek to be praised. For this reason, their appearance and behavior are always shaped to achieve them. They make friendships in order to glorify themselves and get themselves superior, so they exploit others to achieve their goals in this direction. Because narcissistic individuals do not show empathy towards emotions, thoughts and needs of others, narcissistic athletes are also known as selfish and ego-centric (Öztürk, 2002: 436). Narcissistic individuals are selfish because they think that they are unique and special. Because narcissistic individuals have sense of selfishness, they believe that they deserve more than they always get. They are success-oriented. They seek opportunities to increase their self-esteem when they feel a little fear of failure. Narcissistic individuals always strive to look good, and to feel themselves special, successful, important and positive. Sometimes, these self-regulatory efforts can have spiritual considerations, such as fantasizes of power or blaming the situation rather than personal failures and sometimes, they have idea of using the others for their own interests in their relationships (Campbell and Foster, 2007: 7). When narcissistic athletes fail, they argue referee decisions, incorrectness of the rules, supporters, and incorrect tactics by coaches as reasons for their failures. Therefore, they will not believe that they fail due to their own fault (Tazegül, 2011: 170; Tazegül, 2013). The concept of sportspersonship is related with normative standards on the relationship between social and moral values. Sportspersonship reveals virtuous behavioral tendencies that promote how to behave in accordance with the spirit of sports (Stornes and Bru, 2002). The concept of sportsperson refers the concept of competition and honesty as a responsible and thoughtful athlete, and it can be also expressed by concepts of supreme volunteerism, respect, kindness, outgoingness, compassion and generosity (Stornes, Ommundsen, 2004). The concept of sportspersonship, in its general sense, is concerned with how athletes are guided to play the game. There are three theoretical approaches to how to European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 421 Ünsal Tazegül THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF SPORTSPERSONSHIP AND NARCISSISM OF ATHLETES understand sportspersonship. The first is socio-cognitive theory. In this theory, modelling and reinforcement determine the appropriate and non-competitive behavior of athletes in competitive situations. The second approach reveals the concepts and especially, moral logic in the structural development models. This approach demonstrates the influence of aggression on one person’s capacity of reconciliation through moral dialogue, suggesting similar tendencies associated with sportspersonship. The last approach is socio-psychological approach. This approach has sports-based aspects of socio-psychological model. In the socio-psychological approach, there are three key elements and they are sportspersonship orientation, the development of the sportspersonship orientation and behaviors towards sportspersonship (Valleran and Losier, 1994). Vallerand and Loser explain the sociopsychological model as the relationship between sportspersonship and personal decision. (Chantal and Bernache Assolant, 2003) This study aims to reveal the relationship between tendency of sportspersonship and level of narcissism of athletes in team sports. For viewing / downloading the full article, please access the following link: https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1334 European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 3 │ Issue 12 │ 2017 422