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European Journal of Education Studies ISSN: 2501 - 1111 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1111 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu 10.5281/zenodo.184816 Volume 2│Issue 12│2016 DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION Sakine Serap Avgin1, Ferhat Karakaya2i 1,2 Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey Abstract: On this research, it is aimed to determine the teachers level of obeying the ethical rules and find out about the relationship between instructors ethical values and various variables. Research, in which scanning method is used, is performed with 182 learners on 2015- educational year. For data collection, Teacher Ethical Value Scale according to Students Perception , which is developed and tested for reliability by Gunduz and Coskun (2012). On statistical evaluation of gathered values, independent t-test, Mann Whitney u test and correlation matrix is used. On the other hand, values are evaluated on 0.01 and 0.05 meaningfulness level and their percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation values are also analysed. On the research, it is determined that class level and school type variables are effective ones on teachers ethical standard of judgement. Yet, it is seen that there is no meaningful difference on gender variable. Keywords: Ethics, ethical values, ethical values of teacher occupation, professional responsibility, professional sufficiency 1. Introduction Introduction of concepts like ethics, ethical codes, ethical values and occupational ethics to human life had a significant effect on the evaluation and acceptance of performed behaviours. Ethics concept is described as all attitudes that should be obeyed or avoided among different occupation branches . TDK, When literature is analysed, there are also descriptions of ethics concepts that are created on different time periods. According to Moss Curtis (2006), ethics is through some detailed concepts like reality, justice, Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved Published by Open Access Publishing Group ©2015. 1 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION honesty, trueness , principles that lead the trueness or errors of behaviours and decisions . “ccording to another description, ethics is the moral principles and value system that leads to good-bad, correct-incorrect related with human behaviours. (Hatcher, 2004) Ethics is about how the evaluation criteria and criteria s for individual behaviour, attitude and values in terms of society came into existence. Karslı, 2004) Actually, when ethics is analysed, it is seen that it is a basic concept that has got a bound with all disciplines. On recent years, one of the significant areas that is held is occupational ethics. Occupational ethic is a concept that is mostly established on sociological basics. (Ozmen & Gungor, 2008) Occupational ethics can be described as behaviour rules that should be obeyed on occupations that have got a relation with human beings directly. (Aydin, 2003) As another expression, it is the rule combination that applies some rules about human beings being motivated to the good and true, limiting personal desires in occupation, improves occupational ideals and excludes unprincipled members from the occupation. (Aydin, 2015: p:55) Today, in all the world, the aim is to increase the quality of occupational members and the product that will come out as the result of performing the occupation, and hindering non-ethical behaviours. On this point, for raising individuals with ethical values, education institutions and learners have got huge responsibilities. (Kaya, 2015) Since each profession has professional ethical principles (Pelit & Güçer, 2006), which has its own specific qualities and characteristics, ethics is also important in teaching profession. According to Erdem and Simsek (2013), ethics for teaching occupation is rules and principles that teachers should fulfil in relation to society, students and colleagues. Being a teacher is consisted of professional ethical principles like professionality, responsibility on service, justice, equality, providing healthy and secure atmosphere, not having corruption and improving by being bound to the occupation. Students, who are aware of ethical values, will have what is right and good as a guide in their future profession Karataş, . Teachers, (Yaman, Çetinkaya Marble & Mutlugil, 2009), who will be aware of the rights and responsibilities of the pupils and will make learners to internalize them, have to adopt the professional ethics principles of teaching. On this point, how much do the teachers internalize teaching profession ethical principles and values” becomes a significant research subject. It is because the values those individuals have got an effect on mainly to their profession, attitude, behaviour and decisions. When literature about the subject is analysed, it can be seen that there are some studies related with ethics and occupational ethic. For example, studies that analyse the level of teachers and teacher candidates Professional ethic behaviours and their obeying ethical principles are (Gözütok, 1999; Karataş, European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 Pelit & G(çer, Yılmaz 2 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION & Altunkurt, 2009; Öztürk, 2010). Karakaya and Arslan (2016) researched the ethical approaches about middle school 9th grade learners using animals on experiments. They found out that according various variables, ethical preferences changes. In fact, students are the ones who will best assess teachers' compliance with ethical values. It is determined that the studies about teachers obeying ethical values in terms of student perception are not efficient enough. Tunca, “lkın-Şahin, Sever & “ktaş, Yeşilyurt & Kılıç, Coşkun, “rğa, Çelebi & “kbağ, G(nd(z & 5zen-Kutaniş, ”ayraktaroğlu & Özdemir, 2005; Örenel, 2005). In addition, it has been observed that studies do not reveal the relationship between professional competence and professional responsibility. Because of these reasons, it is thought that this research will have a significant contribution to literature. 1.1 Aim of the Study In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of teachers' compliance with ethical values and the relation of their ethical values with various variables according to their perceptions. Within the scope of this aim, the following research questions were searched:  Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the students' gender  according to student perception?  type?  according to the class level of the students? Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the students school Do the ethical values that teachers have according to student perception differ What are the level, direction and level of significance of the relationship between the variables of professional responsibility and vocational competence? 2. Method In this research, scanning design was used from quantitative research methods. Scanning Descriptive is a numerical description of the attitude, tendencies, or opinions of the universe as a result of analysis on the sample selected from the researcher's universe (Bursal, 2014, 155). 2.1 Data Collection Tool ''Teacher Ethical Values Scale According to Student Perception'', which is constructed by the researchers and (2) experts 'opinion is obtained for and 'Personal Information Questionnaire', which is developed by G(nd(z and Coşkun European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 are used for 3 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION gathering students demographical information. Options and points in positive expressions in the scale, which is prepared according to the Adjective List; 5 = Many (4.21-5.00), 4 = Very (3.41-4.20), 3 = Medium (2.61-3.40), 2 = Less than (1.81-2.60) and 1 = Never (1.00-1.80). The scale consists totally 30 items, the first dimension as ''Professional Responsibility (19)'' and the second dimension as ''Vocational Qualification (11)''. Gündüz and Coşkun determined the Cronbach's alpha value of the professional responsibility dimension as .94, the vocational qualification dimension as .86 and the overall scale as Cronbach's alpha as .95. In this study, the occupational responsibility dimension is . , the vocational qualification dimension is . , and the overall scale s Cronbach's alpha is .94. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient (.94) obtained as a result of the research showed that the reliability of the scale is high. 2.2 Data Analysis The data obtained from students in secondary level (4th, 5th, 6th, 7th. and 8th grade) is analysed with the aid of the IBM SPSS 21 statistical program. Independent-t test, MannWhitney u test and correlation matrix are used to evaluate the data obtained from the study. In addition, percentages, frequencies, average and standard deviation values are given in the study by an evaluation on the meaning level of 0.01 and 0.05. 2.3 Research Group The universe of the research is consisted of 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students from Kahramanmaraş province. The study group of the study consisted of individuals selected by appropriate sampling method. The distribution of the demographic characteristics of the students participating in the survey is given on Table 1. Table 1: Students demographical characteristics Gender Grade School Type f % 88 48.4 94 51.6 57 31.3 125 68.7 Government 96 52.7 Private 86 47.3 182 100 Female Male 4 and 5 th th 6 ,7 and 8 th th th Total European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 4 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION When the data in Table 1 is examined, 31.3% (n = 57) of the samples are from 4th and 5th class, 68.7% (n = 125) are from 6th, 7th and 8th grade student. 48.4% (n = 88) of these students are female and 51.6% (n = 94) are male. 3. Findings In this section, the obtained data in which the ethical values of the teachers are analysed in terms of various variables according to the perception of middle school second level students is presented. The minimum, maximum, average and standard deviation values of the scale and sub-dimensions used in the study are given in Table 2. Table 2: Values related to teachers' ethical values scale and sub-dimensions according to student's perception Test Sub Dimensions N Professional Responsibility (PR) Professional Sufficiency (PS) Scale 182 182 3.82 0.79 5.00 ̅ � 4.14 0.66 5.00 3.94 0.72 Min Max 1.53 5.00 2.45 1.93 SD When the data in Table 2 is examined, it is determined that teachers' ethical values in the dimension of professional competence (x = 4.14) is higher according to student perception. In this study, the effects of gender, school type, mother education level, father education level, level of class on teacher ethics according to student perception were investigated. Firstly on research, an answer to the question Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the gender of the students according to student perception? is searched and gathered independent t-test results are given on Table 3. Table 3: T test analysis results according to gender Test Sub Dimension Professional Responsibility (PR) Professional Sufficiency (PS) Scale ̅ � Gender N Female 88 Male 94 Female 88 4.24 Male 94 4.05 Female 88 4.01 Male 94 3.87 3.88 3.77 sd t p 180 -.884 0.378 -1.942 0.54 -1.266 0.207 180 180 *p<0.05 When data from Table 3 is analysed, it is determined that there is no meaningful difference according to gender variable on teachers points t =-1.266; p>0.05) that they gathered from teacher ethical values scale according to students perception. European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 5 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION On the study, an answer to question Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the students’ school type?” is searched and gathered independent t-test results are given on Table 4. Table 4: Independent t-test results according to school type Test Sub Dimensions Professional Responsibility (PR) Professional Sufficiency (PS) Scale ̅ � School type N Government 96 4.05 Private 86 3.57 Government 96 4.39 Private 86 3.87 Government 96 4.17 Private 86 3.68 sd t p 180 4.19 0.00* 5.74 0.00* 4.85 0.00* 180 180 *p<0.05 When data on Table 4 is analysed, it is seen that there is a meaningful difference on teacher points (t(180) =4.85; p<0.05) from teacher ethical values scale according to student perception related with the school type. On the other hand, according to student perception, meaningfulness is determined on teachers Professional responsibility (t(180) =4.19; p<0.05) and Professional sufficiency (t(180) =5.74; p<0.05). The result is gathered about government student learners are obeying ethical values more than the ones in private school. On research, an answer to question According to student perception, do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the class level of the students?” is searched and gathered Mann-Whitney U test results are presented on Table 5. Table 5: Mann-Whitney U test analysis results according to grade level Scale Professional Responsibility (PR) Professional Sufficiency (PS) Scale Grade level N Line Avg. 57 126.53 125 75.53 4. ve 5. grade 57 121.91 6 ,7 and 8 125 77.63 57 126.11 125 75.22 4 and 5 th th 6 ,7 and 8 th th th th th th 4th and 5th 6 ,7 and 8 th th th U p 1566 .000* 1829 .000* 1590 .000* *p<0.05 When the data in Table 5 were examined, it was found that there was a meaningful (U = 1590, p <0.05).difference according to the students' perceptions according to the ethical values scale. On the other hand, it is seen that there is a meaningful difference on Professional responsibility (U=1566; p<0.05) and Professional sufficiency (U=1829; p<0.05) ethical values according to students perceptions. It is determined that 4th and European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 6 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION 5th grade learners have got a better perception of teacher ethical values than 6th, 7th and 8th grade. “n answer to question What is the level, direction and level of significance of the relationship between the variables of professional responsibility and vocational competence? is searched and gathered correlation matrix is provided on Table 6. Table 6: Correlation matrix results between professional responsibility and professional sufficiency Correlation Matrix Professional Responsibility (PR) Professional Sufficiency (PS) Professional responsibility Professional sufficiency r - .858** p - .000 r .858** - p .000 - p<0.01** r: Correlation level p: Meaningfulness Level When the data in Table 5 are examined, there is a high level and meaningful relationship between teachers' professional responsibility and professional competence variables (r = .858 p <0.01) in the positive direction according to the perceptions of the students. 4. Discussion and Results In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of teachers' compliance with ethical values and the relation of their ethical values with various variables according to the perception of middle school students. According to the perceptions of the students, the level of compliance of the teachers with ethical values is high (x = 3.94). In addition, it is seen that teachers are competent with their professional responsibilities and sufficiency is very much. These results are showing parallelism with researches by Tunca and et al. Yeşilyurt and Kılıç G(nd(z and Coşkun 5renel . The high level of compliance with ethical values of teachers who have great responsibility in education and training is an important result both for the students and for the education of the country. In the study, it was determined that there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in the ethical values of the teachers according to the perception of male and female students. However, it was concluded that female students perceived that their teachers were more satisfied with ethical values than male students. The different ethical behaviours that women and men show against the events they have experienced can be effective in bringing about this outcome (Özen-Kutanis, ”ayraktaroğlu & 5zdemir, European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 7 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION 2005). This result is parallel with results by Tunca and et al. (2015); Yeşilyurt and Kılıç Çelebi and “kbağ G(nd(z and Coşkun Uğurlu from literature. The research showed that the students had a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the ethical values that the teachers had according to the student perception of the school classroom. According to the perception of the students who attended public school, it was determined that teachers had higher scores on occupational responsibility, vocational competence and overall scale. The study showed that the statistical difference (p <0.05) in the ethical values teachers had in class level according to student perception. The developmental periods in which individuals are present influence their relationships and expectations with the people around them (Tunca et al., 2015). Individuals who are trained in the fourth and fifth grades have the conception of self-acceptance and acceptance (Tunca et al., 2015). The students who are studying in the upper classes are looking at the behaviours of the people who are in their surroundings and the characteristics of their adolescence with a critical eye (Can, 2013). This information reveals the statistical significance of the class level variable obtained from the research in the ethical values that the teachers have according to student perception. This result coincides with the results of Tunca et al (2015), Günd(z and Coşkun Örenel (2005) studies in the literature. According to student perception in the research, it was determined that the teachers had a high level of positive meaningfulness between the professional responsibility and professional competence variables. This result overlaps with the findings of the research that Yeşilyurt and Kılıç made. As a result, it is necessary for the teachers who carry out the profession of teaching profession to adopt professional ethical values. It is important that professional competence and professional responsibilities are always a principle to instructors. In these in-service trainings, these principles should be kept and developed on the frontline. It is predicted that researches can be done according to different parameters by student perceptions in future researches. Acknowledgment This research was presented at a congress of Rize, October 13-15, 2016, at the International Congress on Research in Education / ICRE. About the authors Sakine Serap Avgin is currently an Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education. European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016 8 Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION Her contact information is as follows: KSU Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, “vsar Campus, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, Ofis. E-mail: serapavgin@hotmail.com Ferhat Karakaya is currently a Research Asist at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. He received his master degree in Department of Biology Education at the Gazi University, Turkey. His contact information is as follows: KSU Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Avsar Campus, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, Ofis. E-mail: ferhatk26@gmail.com References 1. “rğa, M. . 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