European Journal of Education Studies
ISSN: 2501 - 1111
ISSN-L: 2501 - 1111
Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu
10.5281/zenodo.184816
Volume 2│Issue 12│2016
DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING
THE ETHICAL RULES ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
Sakine Serap Avgin1, Ferhat Karakaya2i
1,2
Department of Mathematics and Science Education,
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
Abstract:
On this research, it is aimed to determine the teachers level of obeying the ethical rules
and find out about the relationship between instructors ethical values and various
variables. Research, in which scanning method is used, is performed with 182 learners
on 2015-
educational year. For data collection, Teacher Ethical Value Scale according
to Students Perception , which is developed and tested for reliability by Gunduz and
Coskun (2012). On statistical evaluation of gathered values, independent t-test, Mann
Whitney u test and correlation matrix is used. On the other hand, values are evaluated
on 0.01 and 0.05 meaningfulness level and their percentage, frequency, average and
standard deviation values are also analysed. On the research, it is determined that class
level and school type variables are effective ones on teachers ethical standard of
judgement. Yet, it is seen that there is no meaningful difference on gender variable.
Keywords: Ethics, ethical values, ethical values of teacher occupation, professional
responsibility, professional sufficiency
1.
Introduction
Introduction of concepts like ethics, ethical codes, ethical values and occupational ethics
to human life had a significant effect on the evaluation and acceptance of performed
behaviours. Ethics concept is described as all attitudes that should be obeyed or avoided
among different occupation branches . TDK,
When literature is analysed, there are
also descriptions of ethics concepts that are created on different time periods. According
to Moss Curtis (2006), ethics is through some detailed concepts like reality, justice,
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved
Published by Open Access Publishing Group ©2015.
1
Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
honesty, trueness , principles that lead the trueness or errors of behaviours and
decisions . “ccording to another description, ethics is the moral principles and value
system that leads to good-bad, correct-incorrect related with human behaviours.
(Hatcher, 2004) Ethics is about how the evaluation criteria and criteria s for individual
behaviour, attitude and values in terms of society came into existence. Karslı, 2004)
Actually, when ethics is analysed, it is seen that it is a basic concept that has got a
bound with all disciplines. On recent years, one of the significant areas that is held is
occupational ethics. Occupational ethic is a concept that is mostly established on
sociological basics. (Ozmen & Gungor, 2008) Occupational ethics can be described as
behaviour rules that should be obeyed on occupations that have got a relation with
human beings directly. (Aydin, 2003) As another expression, it is the rule combination
that applies some rules about human beings being motivated to the good and true,
limiting personal desires in occupation, improves occupational ideals and excludes
unprincipled members from the occupation. (Aydin, 2015: p:55) Today, in all the world,
the aim is to increase the quality of occupational members and the product that will
come out as the result of performing the occupation, and hindering non-ethical
behaviours. On this point, for raising individuals with ethical values, education
institutions and learners have got huge responsibilities. (Kaya, 2015)
Since each profession has professional ethical principles (Pelit & Güçer, 2006),
which has its own specific qualities and characteristics, ethics is also important in
teaching profession. According to Erdem and Simsek (2013), ethics for teaching
occupation is rules and principles that teachers should fulfil in relation to society,
students and colleagues. Being a teacher is consisted of professional ethical principles
like professionality, responsibility on service, justice, equality, providing healthy and
secure atmosphere, not having corruption and improving by being bound to the
occupation. Students, who are aware of ethical values, will have what is right and good
as a guide in their future profession Karataş,
. Teachers, (Yaman, Çetinkaya
Marble & Mutlugil, 2009), who will be aware of the rights and responsibilities of the
pupils and will make learners to internalize them, have to adopt the professional ethics
principles of teaching. On this point, how much do the teachers internalize teaching
profession ethical principles and values” becomes a significant research subject. It is
because the values those individuals have got an effect on mainly to their profession,
attitude, behaviour and decisions.
When literature about the subject is analysed, it can be seen that there are some
studies related with ethics and occupational ethic. For example, studies that analyse the
level of teachers and teacher candidates Professional ethic behaviours and their
obeying ethical principles are (Gözütok, 1999; Karataş,
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
Pelit & G(çer,
Yılmaz
2
Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
& Altunkurt, 2009; Öztürk, 2010). Karakaya and Arslan (2016) researched the ethical
approaches about middle school 9th grade learners using animals on experiments. They
found out that according various variables, ethical preferences changes.
In fact, students are the ones who will best assess teachers' compliance with
ethical values. It is determined that the studies about teachers obeying ethical values in
terms of student perception are not efficient enough. Tunca, “lkın-Şahin, Sever &
“ktaş,
Yeşilyurt & Kılıç,
Coşkun,
“rğa,
Çelebi & “kbağ,
G(nd(z &
5zen-Kutaniş, ”ayraktaroğlu & Özdemir, 2005; Örenel, 2005). In
addition, it has been observed that studies do not reveal the relationship between
professional competence and professional responsibility. Because of these reasons, it is
thought that this research will have a significant contribution to literature.
1.1
Aim of the Study
In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of teachers' compliance with ethical
values and the relation of their ethical values with various variables according to their
perceptions. Within the scope of this aim, the following research questions were
searched:
Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the students' gender
according to student perception?
type?
according to the class level of the students?
Do the ethical values of the teachers differ according to the students school
Do the ethical values that teachers have according to student perception differ
What are the level, direction and level of significance of the relationship between
the variables of professional responsibility and vocational competence?
2.
Method
In this research, scanning design was used from quantitative research methods.
Scanning Descriptive is a numerical description of the attitude, tendencies, or opinions
of the universe as a result of analysis on the sample selected from the researcher's
universe (Bursal, 2014, 155).
2.1
Data Collection Tool
''Teacher Ethical Values Scale According to Student Perception'', which is constructed by the
researchers and (2) experts 'opinion is obtained for and 'Personal Information
Questionnaire', which is developed by G(nd(z and Coşkun
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
are used for
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
gathering students
demographical information. Options and points in positive
expressions in the scale, which is prepared according to the Adjective List; 5 = Many
(4.21-5.00), 4 = Very (3.41-4.20), 3 = Medium (2.61-3.40), 2 = Less than (1.81-2.60) and 1 =
Never (1.00-1.80).
The scale consists totally 30 items, the first dimension as ''Professional
Responsibility (19)'' and the second dimension as ''Vocational Qualification (11)''. Gündüz
and Coşkun
determined the Cronbach's alpha value of the professional
responsibility dimension as .94, the vocational qualification dimension as .86 and the
overall scale as Cronbach's alpha as .95. In this study, the occupational responsibility
dimension is .
, the vocational qualification dimension is .
, and the overall scale s
Cronbach's alpha is .94. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient (.94) obtained as a result of the
research showed that the reliability of the scale is high.
2.2
Data Analysis
The data obtained from students in secondary level (4th, 5th, 6th, 7th. and 8th grade) is
analysed with the aid of the IBM SPSS 21 statistical program. Independent-t test, MannWhitney u test and correlation matrix are used to evaluate the data obtained from the
study. In addition, percentages, frequencies, average and standard deviation values are
given in the study by an evaluation on the meaning level of 0.01 and 0.05.
2.3
Research Group
The universe of the research is consisted of 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students from
Kahramanmaraş province. The study group of the study consisted of
individuals
selected by appropriate sampling method. The distribution of the demographic
characteristics of the students participating in the survey is given on Table 1.
Table 1: Students demographical characteristics
Gender
Grade
School Type
f
%
88
48.4
94
51.6
57
31.3
125
68.7
Government
96
52.7
Private
86
47.3
182
100
Female
Male
4 and 5
th
th
6 ,7 and 8
th
th
th
Total
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
When the data in Table 1 is examined, 31.3% (n = 57) of the samples are from 4th and
5th class, 68.7% (n = 125) are from 6th, 7th and 8th grade student. 48.4% (n = 88) of these
students are female and 51.6% (n = 94) are male.
3.
Findings
In this section, the obtained data in which the ethical values of the teachers are analysed
in terms of various variables according to the perception of middle school second level
students is presented. The minimum, maximum, average and standard deviation values
of the scale and sub-dimensions used in the study are given in Table 2.
Table 2: Values related to teachers' ethical values scale and sub-dimensions according to
student's perception
Test Sub Dimensions
N
Professional Responsibility (PR)
Professional Sufficiency (PS)
Scale
182
182
3.82
0.79
5.00
̅
�
4.14
0.66
5.00
3.94
0.72
Min
Max
1.53
5.00
2.45
1.93
SD
When the data in Table 2 is examined, it is determined that teachers' ethical values in
the dimension of professional competence (x = 4.14) is higher according to student
perception. In this study, the effects of gender, school type, mother education level,
father education level, level of class on teacher ethics according to student perception
were investigated.
Firstly on research, an answer to the question Do the ethical values of the teachers
differ according to the gender of the students according to student perception? is searched and
gathered independent t-test results are given on Table 3.
Table 3: T test analysis results according to gender
Test Sub Dimension
Professional Responsibility (PR)
Professional Sufficiency (PS)
Scale
̅
�
Gender
N
Female
88
Male
94
Female
88
4.24
Male
94
4.05
Female
88
4.01
Male
94
3.87
3.88
3.77
sd
t
p
180
-.884
0.378
-1.942
0.54
-1.266
0.207
180
180
*p<0.05
When data from Table 3 is analysed, it is determined that there is no meaningful
difference according to gender variable on teachers points t
=-1.266; p>0.05) that
they gathered from teacher ethical values scale according to students perception.
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
On the study, an answer to question Do the ethical values of the teachers differ
according to the students’ school type?” is searched and gathered independent t-test results
are given on Table 4.
Table 4: Independent t-test results according to school type
Test Sub Dimensions
Professional Responsibility (PR)
Professional Sufficiency (PS)
Scale
̅
�
School type
N
Government
96
4.05
Private
86
3.57
Government
96
4.39
Private
86
3.87
Government
96
4.17
Private
86
3.68
sd
t
p
180
4.19
0.00*
5.74
0.00*
4.85
0.00*
180
180
*p<0.05
When data on Table 4 is analysed, it is seen that there is a meaningful difference on
teacher points (t(180) =4.85; p<0.05) from teacher ethical values scale according to
student perception related with the school type. On the other hand, according to
student
perception,
meaningfulness
is
determined
on
teachers
Professional
responsibility (t(180) =4.19; p<0.05) and Professional sufficiency (t(180) =5.74; p<0.05).
The result is gathered about government student learners are obeying ethical values
more than the ones in private school.
On research, an answer to question According to student perception, do the ethical
values of the teachers differ according to the class level of the students?” is searched and
gathered Mann-Whitney U test results are presented on Table 5.
Table 5: Mann-Whitney U test analysis results according to grade level
Scale
Professional Responsibility (PR)
Professional Sufficiency (PS)
Scale
Grade level
N
Line Avg.
57
126.53
125
75.53
4. ve 5. grade
57
121.91
6 ,7 and 8
125
77.63
57
126.11
125
75.22
4 and 5
th
th
6 ,7 and 8
th
th
th
th
th
th
4th and 5th
6 ,7 and 8
th
th
th
U
p
1566
.000*
1829
.000*
1590
.000*
*p<0.05
When the data in Table 5 were examined, it was found that there was a meaningful (U =
1590, p <0.05).difference according to the students' perceptions according to the ethical
values scale. On the other hand, it is seen that there is a meaningful difference on
Professional responsibility (U=1566; p<0.05) and Professional sufficiency (U=1829;
p<0.05) ethical values according to students perceptions. It is determined that 4th and
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
5th grade learners have got a better perception of teacher ethical values than 6th, 7th
and 8th grade.
“n answer to question What is the level, direction and level of significance of the relationship
between the variables of professional responsibility and vocational competence? is searched
and gathered correlation matrix is provided on Table 6.
Table 6: Correlation matrix results between professional responsibility and
professional sufficiency
Correlation Matrix
Professional Responsibility (PR)
Professional Sufficiency (PS)
Professional responsibility
Professional sufficiency
r
-
.858**
p
-
.000
r
.858**
-
p
.000
-
p<0.01** r: Correlation level p: Meaningfulness Level
When the data in Table 5 are examined, there is a high level and meaningful
relationship between teachers' professional responsibility and professional competence
variables (r = .858 p <0.01) in the positive direction according to the perceptions of the
students.
4.
Discussion and Results
In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of teachers' compliance with ethical
values and the relation of their ethical values with various variables according to the
perception of middle school students. According to the perceptions of the students, the
level of compliance of the teachers with ethical values is high (x = 3.94). In addition, it is
seen that teachers are competent with their professional responsibilities and sufficiency
is very much. These results are showing parallelism with researches by Tunca and et
al.
Yeşilyurt and Kılıç
G(nd(z and Coşkun
5renel
. The
high level of compliance with ethical values of teachers who have great responsibility in
education and training is an important result both for the students and for the
education of the country.
In the study, it was determined that there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in
the ethical values of the teachers according to the perception of male and female
students. However, it was concluded that female students perceived that their teachers
were more satisfied with ethical values than male students. The different ethical
behaviours that women and men show against the events they have experienced can be
effective in bringing about this outcome (Özen-Kutanis, ”ayraktaroğlu & 5zdemir,
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
2005). This result is parallel with results by Tunca and et al. (2015); Yeşilyurt and Kılıç
Çelebi and “kbağ
G(nd(z and Coşkun
Uğurlu
from
literature.
The research showed that the students had a statistically significant difference (p
<0.05) in the ethical values that the teachers had according to the student perception of
the school classroom. According to the perception of the students who attended public
school, it was determined that teachers had higher scores on occupational
responsibility, vocational competence and overall scale.
The study showed that the statistical difference (p <0.05) in the ethical values
teachers had in class level according to student perception. The developmental periods
in which individuals are present influence their relationships and expectations with the
people around them (Tunca et al., 2015). Individuals who are trained in the fourth and
fifth grades have the conception of self-acceptance and acceptance (Tunca et al., 2015).
The students who are studying in the upper classes are looking at the behaviours of the
people who are in their surroundings and the characteristics of their adolescence with a
critical eye (Can, 2013). This information reveals the statistical significance of the class
level variable obtained from the research in the ethical values that the teachers have
according to student perception. This result coincides with the results of Tunca et al
(2015), Günd(z and Coşkun
Örenel (2005) studies in the literature. According to
student perception in the research, it was determined that the teachers had a high level
of positive meaningfulness between the professional responsibility and professional
competence variables. This result overlaps with the findings of the research that
Yeşilyurt and Kılıç
made.
As a result, it is necessary for the teachers who carry out the profession of
teaching profession to adopt professional ethical values. It is important that
professional competence and professional responsibilities are always a principle to
instructors. In these in-service trainings, these principles should be kept and developed
on the frontline. It is predicted that researches can be done according to different
parameters by student perceptions in future researches.
Acknowledgment
This research was presented at a congress of Rize, October 13-15, 2016, at the
International Congress on Research in Education / ICRE.
About the authors
Sakine Serap Avgin is currently an Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam
University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education.
European Journal of Education Studies - Volume 2 │ Issue 12 │ 2016
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
Her contact information is as follows: KSU Faculty of Education, Department of
Mathematics and Science Education, “vsar Campus, Kahramanmaraş,
Turkey,
Ofis. E-mail: serapavgin@hotmail.com
Ferhat Karakaya is currently a Research Asist at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam
University. He received his master degree in Department of Biology Education at the
Gazi University, Turkey. His contact information is as follows:
KSU Faculty of
Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Avsar Campus,
Kahramanmaraş,
Turkey, Ofis. E-mail: ferhatk26@gmail.com
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Sakine Serap Avgin, Ferhat Karakaya DETERMINING THE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF OBEYING THE ETHICAL RULES
ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTION
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