Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
Insecurity is on the hot plate globally as ease of transportation and community facilitate movement of persons and ideas across national boundaries sometimes in real time. It is a phenomenon which spans the physical, psychologically, economic, and other aspects of the individual and extends to the community. Nigeria has had a large dose of it in recent time, from insurgency to kidnapping, robbery, social media, and so on. The girl-child, the path to the next generation, is particularly vulnerable, reason measures are needed for her protection. Official action is required now, particularly in the area of social media and electronic communication before the menace grows out of proportion.
Prior the incursion of Boko Haram insurgency into the social nerve of Nigeria, low level of literacy in the NorthEast geo-political zone of the country was pervasive and has always been a subject of concern to all stakeholders and the federal government. The Almajiris, a vernacular euphemism for child-beggars, were offered mobile schools. Besides, free and compulsory education were introduced to take school age children off the streets. Of major interest to activists and researcher is the issue of young girl education. The female children had been irresponsibly left behind when western education was introduced to the North. The young girl was neglected for religious, socioeconomic and cultural reasons. Expectations of wholistic benefits, therefore, became high when girls finally have opportunity to access Western education. However, Boko Haram insurgency became a clog in the wheel of progress when they began to kidnap girls and women, destroy school properties, and engaged in suicide bombings. The Chibok girls that were kidnapped from a government secondary school in Borno State was a classic case. This paper examines the implications of Boko Haram's operations and activities on education in the NorthEast especially on the fragile status of girl child education. Consideration was also given to the far-reaching effect of the insurgency on the economic lives of the affected children. It concludes with a call for government to embark on strategies that will end insurgency and give the young girl a new lease in life.
The series of bombings and killings, kidnapping and armed robbery attack, political and economic related assassinations has become a multi-hydra headed monster which security agents in Nigeria appear incapable of handling. Due to these security challenges, numerous children particularly girls currently have no access to basic schools in most parts of the North. This paper examines the effect insecurity threats on girls’ participation in basic primary in northern Nigeria. In doing this, the paper explain the concept of girl-child and insecurity. Level of girl participation in basic education in Northern Nigeria was also examined. Insecurity challenges affecting girls’ participation in basic primary schools in northern Nigeria such as poor school community relationship, lack of security outfit, sexual harassment and lack of infrastructure were also discussed. The paper, therefore, recommended among other things that school administrators should work tireless toward the promotion and improvement of school-community relationship.
2022 •
There is a general consensus about the indispensable role of education in the development of human society. This is because the advancement of any nation is tied to its level of education. Investment in primary education is particularly critical because it is the foundation upon which other levels of education are built. A shoddy primary school education foundation negatively affects other stages of a child’s education. That explains why the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international treaties categorized education as a fundamental human right and emphasized the need for unfettered access to quality education by children, worldwide. Nigeria’s Universal Basic Education Act of 2004, meant to ensure that children have unhindered access to formal basic education underscores the importance the country attaches to education. This paper examined the impact of insecurity on primary school pupils’ enrolment in Zamfara State. Secondary data were sourced from the State’s Universal State Universal Basic Education Board (ZSUBEB) and quantitatively analysed. The paper observed that over the past one decade, the rising incidence of banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling and other forms of insecurity have resulted in 422,213out-of-school children in Zamfara State. The research also revealed that as a result of insecurity, the state witnessed the lowest number of female enrolment of 38.26% in Nigeria. The paper recommends heavy investment in primary education, grouping of schools in rural communities into clusters under close security watch to boost attendance and engagement of religious and community leaders to educate parents on the dangers of withdrawing girl-children from school. Keywords: Education, Enrolment, Girl-child, Insecurity, School.
UK LINK ONLINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GOMBE
GIRL-CHILD EDUCATION, INTERNAL SECURITY AND PEACE-BUILDING IN NORTHERN NIGERIA2019 •
The study discussed the role of girl-child education on internal security and peace-building in North-eastern Nigeria specifically Gombe metropolis. The study examine the general perception of parent to girl-child education in Gombe L.G.A; factors hindering effective girl-child educational enrolment in Gombe L.G.A; socio-economic effect of gender inequality in educational opportunities in Gombe L.G.A and impact of girl-child education on internal security and peace-building in Gombe. The study adopted Relative Deprivation Theory and Feminist Theory. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. 202 structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents using simple random sampling techniques in the six selected schools in Gombe metropolis. Descriptive statistical technique was used to analyzed data collected from the questionnaires, while interpretive techniques was used to analyzed data collected from the oral in-depth interview. The result of the study revealed that girl-child educational enrollment and attainment in Gombe is low. The finding of the study revealed that poverty, traditional practice and religious belief, earl marriage and negative perception of the parents were the major factors affecting girl-child education in Gombe. The result of the study also revealed that unemployment, poverty, street hawking, prostitution, trafficking, drugs abuses, suicide bombing, and other social vices such as stealing were the major implication of poor girl-child education in Gombe. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between girl-child education, internal security and peace-building. As long as grass does not grows in a busy area, so also internal security will not be achieve without given proper education to gild children, and there will be no peace without security. The study recommended that free and compulsory education, women empowerment, and sensitization by CSOs, traditional rulers and religions can enhance girl-child educational, internal security and peace building in Gombe.
The series of bombings, killings, kidnappings and armed robbery attacks; political and economic related assassinations has become a multi-hydra headed monster which security agents in Nigeria could not tackled properly. Due to these security challenges, numerous children particularly girls, currently have no access to basic schools in most parts of the North. Gender disparity continues to widen in basic schools because of insecurity. This paper examines the impact of insecurity threats on gender participation in basic schools in Northern Nigeria. In doing this, the paper explain the concept of gender, girl-child and insecurity in schools. Level of gender parity in basic education in Northern Nigeria, with girls being marginalized, was also examined. General insecurity issues in the North were highlighted. Insecurity challenges affecting mainly girls’ participation in basic schools in Northern Nigeria such as sexual abuse, assault and harassment; kidnapping; school distance; school boys’ and teachers’ threat; and girls’ unfriendly school environment were also highlighted. The paper went ahead to recommend that schools should be made at the doorsteps of female children and in a safe and secured environment. This could be done by building more girl schools particularly boarding to accommodate girls of secondary age. It was also recommended that all girls’ schools should have security outfit (with police, NSCDC, or at least trained vigilantes equipped with security gargets), trained security dogs, secured accommodation for teachers and students, and secured fences. This could encourage qualified females teachers to remain in class and allow parent of girls to release their daughters to school and thereby discouraging gender disparity. Keywords: Insecurity, Gender, Equality, Girl-Child,
This study examined the relationship between state of education and insecurity in Nigeria. The delved into the contributory factors of insecurity in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted for the study. One hundred and fifteen (115) respondents were randomly selected across the six geo-political zones in the country. The selection was done through the distribution of the research instrument, questionnaire, titled “Education and Insecurity Assessment Scale (EIAS)”. The instrument was designed by the researchers, and constructed in a 4-point likert scale format. Data obtained for the study were analysed using the descriptive statistics of frequency counts, simple percentage and means. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The study revealed inadequate education as the root cause of insecurity and; significant relationship between inefficacious education and insecurity associated with penury, unemployment, corruption, kidnapping and insurgency in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, accordance of education priority in the national budget, and creation of effective database in Nigeria among others are recommended.
Ensuring access to quality education for girls across the globe is crucial to sustainable development. Several barriers such as poverty, gender inequality, poor infrastructures, insecurity, etc. are known to impede the realization of girls’ right to education. These issues are further aggravated by armed conflicts such as the Boko Haram insurgency. This study investigated the threat posed by the Boko Haram insurgency on the girl-child’s access and inclusion in education in the North-eastern part of Nigeria. The study answered a research question and tested a research hypothesis. The target population was the Northeast of Nigeria. The sample for the study was drawn from Adamawa state. The sample size was 180 teachers randomly sampled from public primary and secondary schools in the three senatorial zones in the state. A ten item Likert scale designed by the researchers was used to collect data. The instrument was validated by experts in Test and Measurement and the reliability of the instrument was determined through test-retest method of testing reliability. A Crombach alpha correlation coefficient of .67 was obtained. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test. The result of the study revealed the following barriers to access and inclusion: damage to school facilities, emotional disorders, fear and insecurity, stigma, poverty, unwanted pregnancy, forced marriage and lack of teachers. The hypothesis tested was rejected indicating that the girl-child’s access and inclusion in education in the North East of Nigeria has been significantly affected by the Boko Haram insurgency. The study recommended the use of flexible learning, abolition of school fees for girls, rehabilitation programmes for victims of insurgency, guidance and counselling services and programmes to address stigmatizing attitudes toward girls and women to ensure access and inclusion in education.
UK Links Online Research Institute, Gombe
TOPIC: THE ROLE OF GIRL-CHILD EDUCATION ON INTERNAL SECURITY AND PEACE BUILDING IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF GOMBE METROPOLIS2019 •
The study discussed the role of girl-child education on internal security and peace-building in North-eastern Nigeria specifically Gombe metropolis. The study examine the general perception of parent to girl-child education in Gombe L.G.A; factors hindering effective girl-child educational enrolment in Gombe L.G.A; socio-economic effect of gender inequality in educational opportunities in Gombe L.G.A and impact of girl-child education on internal security and peace-building in Gombe. The study adopted Relative Deprivation Theory and Feminist Theory. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. 202 structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents using simple random sampling techniques in the six selected schools in Gombe metropolis. Descriptive statistical technique was used to analyzed data collected from the questionnaires, while interpretive techniques was used to analyzed data collected from the oral in-depth interview. The result of the study revealed that girl-child educational enrollment and attainment in Gombe is low. The finding of the study revealed that poverty, traditional practice and religious belief, earl marriage and negative perception of the parents were the major factors affecting girl-child education in Gombe. The result of the study also revealed that unemployment, poverty, street hawking, prostitution, trafficking, drugs abuses, suicide bombing, and other social vices such as stealing were the major implication of poor girl-child education in Gombe. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between girl-child education, internal security and peace-building. As long as grass does not grows in a busy area, so also internal security will not be achieve without given proper education to gild children, and there will be no peace without security. The study recommended that free and compulsory education, women empowerment, and sensitization by CSOs, traditional rulers and religions can enhance girl-child educational, internal security and peace building in Gombe.
European journal of social sciences
Insecurity in Nigeria: Genesis, Consequences and Panacea2019 •
Insecurity is one of, if not the most glaring and much talked about thing in Nigeria today. Acts of insecurity occur on daily basis throughout the country. Right thinking and sane Nigerians are really concerned about this ugly trend. This paper digs into the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria, its effects on the country and proffers/suggests ways out of this nightmare. The causes amongst so many include fundamentally illiteracy, unemployment/joblessness, poor leadership, porous nature of our boarders, proliferation of arms, non-compliance with the rule of law. The effects are also there – underdevelopment, poverty, hunger, insurgency, militancy, youth restiveness, kidnapping, armed robbery, fear, drug abuse, political thuggery, etc. As part of the way out of this, this paper suggests that ‘career’ (technical) education be emphasized rather than the ‘degree’ (non-technical) education. Civics as a subject should be restored in the primary school curriculum; the country be restructur...
2015 •
Physical review. B, Condensed matter
Multiple-polaron description of the wave function of a single hole in Hubbard clusters of the square lattice1993 •
2007 •
2018 •
2020 •
Virus Research
Evolution of ORF5 of Spanish porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains from 1991 to 20052006 •
2021 •
2020 •
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shaping a high-mass star-forming cluster through stellar feedback The case of the NGC 7538 IRS 1-3 complex2014 •
2021 •
2017 •
Revista ConCiencia EPG
Evaluación de la Memoria emocional en Niños: Metodologías y Problemas Éticos2021 •
… for Highway Structures at the Fifth …
Global and Structural Stability Assessments of Fort Mason Tunnel for Seismic Rehabilitation2006 •
Journal of Applied Fire Science
Methodologies Employed in the Collection, Retrieval and Storage of Human Factors Information Derived from First Hand Accounts of Survivors of the WTC Disaster of 11 September 20012006 •
2014 •
Studies in Islam and Psychology
The Efficiency of the God Mention Program in Reducing AnxietyWorld journal of pharmaceutical sciences
Antiasthmatic Effect of Saxagliptin on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma in Mice2018 •