Smallholders become increasingly significant for global agricultural value chains. The agriculture sector is a source of livelihood worldwide. In rural areas of Malaysia, there are several challenges has been identified by applying smallholder activities. The article focuses on an adaptation of smallholder in the rural area towards current challenges of practising it locally, with particular reference to Kampung Merchong that located in Pekan District, Pahang State, Malaysia. Based on in-depth interview with local smallholder farmers and series site visit for field observation, there are at least three challenges has been highlighted occurred in study area included (1) labor shortages due to outmigration, (2) lack of skills, professional advice, training and finance; and (3) the low quality of soil and agricultural land. Thus, this review will notify state governments, related agencies and the private sector to draw attention to this neglected and vulnerable rural smallholder activities. Such situation may affect the Pekan District as a major rice producer in Pahang in future due to the unsustain smallholder economy activities.

Technology and information development change a new paradigm new in learning the process. The conventional learning process has to change online learning. E-learning is a form of learning that utilizes technology and information. The study concept of e-learning can facilitate students learning process because it can be in anywhere and anytime with using a computer and web media. Blended learning is a development of e-learning (learning method that combines e-Learning systems with conventional methods (face-to-face)). One of the applying benefits blended learning is to reduce the number of face to face in the classroom.

Indonesia as the country with the most Muslim population in the world, based on the 2010 census, was 87.18% of 237,641,326 or 207,175,708 people. As the largest Muslim country in the world, the need for halal products in Indonesia certainly has enormous economic value. The need for halal products supported by the Halal Supply Chain is a promising business opportunity. Halal Supply Chain requires the existence of premium services to guarantee the halal of the product and guarantee the quality or quality of the initial process until it reaches the consumer. This process, called from farm to fork, requires supervision and assurance support that requires more expensive costs. Another issue, the Halal Product Guarantee Act (JPH Law) No. 33 of 2014 which will soon be implemented in 2019 in Indonesia has provided a regulatory basis for this. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach because it wanted to clearly and deeply describe the activities that had been carried out. The results obtained are positioning premium services for halal supply chains that cause halal products to also become high-quality premium products as competitive advantages based on uniqueness Keywords: Premium Services, Halal Supply Chain, Competitive Advantage, Unique

–The paper is an empirical study examining the tangible and intangible culture of rural tourism with a focus on rural transformation from daily local into commercial behaviour due to presence of tourism activities. It explores the process of commercialization of tangible and intangible culture. The case studies of Brayut and Pentingsari rural tourism village are studied through observation and interviews of physical and non physical transformation with community members and the rural tourism manager. Both villages are the unique growing tourist village in Yogyakarta, but Brayut has a potential asset of maintained condition traditional Javanese house in whereas Pentingsari has an attractive natural of green village with the local cultural heritage. The qualitative empirical research study was applied to explore the transformation of cultural meaning by the locals before and after commercialization process. Firstly, the study reviewed the original tangible and intangible culture before transformation. Secondly, changes in cultural functions and meaning are analyzed in the current situation caused by its transforming into commercial activities. By examining the comparison of tangible and intangible culture in the commercializing process is built to understand the relationships between the two and the quality of its transformation.

All About Islam

There are numerous attractions and tourism objects available in Bali. The vast choices available in Bali make this island a strong magnet for tourists to come. New and creative ideas have been proposed to attract different segments of tourists to come to Bali. Mepantigan is a new attraction available in Bali in the form of games played in the muddy rice field which includes various cultural activities based from the Balinese tradition. The activities are suitable for all ages therefore every member of the family can participate. Regardless of how this activity benefits the locals and participants in various ways, there is a concern whether this is just another form of commodification of Balinese culture tailored for tourism or not, thus this research is conducted to answer that concern. This is a qualitative research based on the platform of sustainable tourism. To obtain data for this research, observation and deep interview are used. The informants for the interview are the operators and also the participants of Mepantigan. This research is still ongoing which later will answer the hypotheses of this research, which are Mepantigan is able to introduce values of the Balinese tradition; it is a sustainable tourism family package, and participants are satisfied of the package. Keywords: Mepantigan, Balinese tradition, sustainable tourism

In a kinship of a traditional society, spiritual capital has an important role in sustainable development. Based on an observation of the traditional society, the local wisdom which is lived in their daily life has made some values that influence their social behavior. This social behavior then forms a development community that becomes a good means to improve local economy or political life. Therefore, a local wisdom which is lived by a development community will be an important aspect of spiritual capital in traditional kinship.

Abstract The rise of violence against children in family cases show that the house which is considered the safest place turns out to be the most terrible for the family especially children. Beside physical, economic, and psychological violence, the terrible violence for children is sexual violence. In this case, children as pedophile victims have the right to accept treatment, care, and protection from positive law. Through some dialogues and discussions with several parties conducted by the companion team while mentoring in Institution for Children Protection, the author depicts that the existence of social problems is one of the factors that cause the increasingly widespread cases of sexual violence against children (pedophilia). Therefore, we have to concern about it in order to minimize the pedophilia crime. Keywords: socialization, pedophilia and child protection