The purpose of this study was to determine the major drivers of performance in community water projects – a case of water projects in Saku sub county, Marsabit County, Kenya. The study investigated; the role of management planning, availability of funding, community participation and projects governance policies on performance of community water projects in Saku Sub County. The study used Community Development theories’ and adopted a descriptive research design. The target population for this study was 106 with a sample of 84 respondents. The study use questionnaire where quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0, qualitative data using thematic content and inferential data using multiple regression. The research found that stakeholder involvement and planning all levels of project implementation influence performance of community water projects in Saku Sub County in Marsabit County, Kenya to a great extent. The study further found that trained, adequate human resource influenc...

In a 2010 study by World Bank, it was evidenced that people lack proper services because systems fail, often because not enough resources are invested to appropriately build and maintain them, and also because of the stress that the fast growing population places on the existing infrastructure. According to Migori county report card in 2016, it was established that there was lack of continuity in water projects commenced and that construction of water projects does not help if they fail after a short time. This study analyzed the influence of community participation on water project performance in Migori County. The study specifically; examined influence of communication, management skill, technology and monitoring and evaluation on water project performance. The conceptualization of the study was guided by Resource dependence, the theory of Change, System theory and the Theory of Constraints. The study applied descriptive approach through survey design. The target population comprised of 228 stakeholders and water service company staffs working on water project in Migori County. The sample size of the study was 145 respondents arrived at using a 1967 Taro Yamane’s formula of sample size determination. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. The study revealed that monitoring and evaluation is statistically significant influence on water project performance (β=0.152, p<0.05). The study concluded that project managers have adequate and experience in project management. Projects have clear documentation and the company has project progress reports. The study recommends that county government should empower project managers at County levels to improve planning and implementation towards the goal of sustaining water projects benefits, Non-Governmental Organizations to evaluate the performance and sustainability of water projects vis a vis the community participation at all stages of the project cycle.

The purpose of this article was to establish the extent to which community participation in project closure principles influences the performance of community water supply projects in Kericho county Kenya. The indicators used included community participation in; project documentation and archiving, procurement closure and bills settlement and project handing over and celebration. The study adopted descriptive survey design and correlation research design. The descriptive survey design was used to describe characteristics of the population being studied whilst a correlational research was used to describe the degree to which variables under the study were related. The target population was 8357 and the sample size was 382. Out of this, 310 positively responded. The sample comprised of households and management committee members. The research instruments included questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview schedules. Stratified proportional sampling and random sampling were u...

— Debate about sustainable development can be traced to the Rio Summit on environment and development where emphasis was placed on empowering local communities to take charge of their own development. Sustainable development advocates for inclusiveness of all in development especially the local community. Participation of stakeholders in any development endeavour guarantees delivery of project benefits to intended users. The recent transition from MDGs to SDGs with a focus on communities clearly demonstrates the relevance of community participation in projects. This paper assesses the significance of various drivers in community led water projects in Elgeyo-Marakwet County. The paper examines different drivers at play in a typical community led water project and assesses how such drivers contribute to project sustainability. The paper concludes that for successful water project implementation, key project drivers should be strengthened by all participating actors.

Mouse gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT) is encoded by a single copy gene with at least five and probably six different promoters directing the transcription of six types of gamma GT RNAs. In mouse small intestine, only Type I, V, and VI gamma GT RNAs are detected, and ribonuclease protection assays reveal that Type VI represents more than 90% of gamma GT RNA. To investigate the structure of intestinal gamma GT RNA in greater detail, we cloned and sequenced mouse intestinal gamma GT cDNAs. Seven of eight informative clones were Type VI and consisted of Type VI unique exons, VIa and VIb (as described previously by us) (Rajagopalan, S., Wan, D.-F., Habib, G. M., Sepulveda, A. R., McLeod, M. R., Lebovitz, R. M., and Lieberman, M. W. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 6179-6183) as well as common 3&#39; sequences. Exon VIb contains two alternative splice acceptors, one previously identified by us and the other 17 bases 5&#39; of this site. Another clone contained a previousl...

The paper presents findings of a research project aimed at a reconstruction of the dynamics of biographical experiences of some of those categories of the Polish society’s members whose educational and professional careers have been shaped by the systemic transformation after 1989. The text is an attempt to de-lineate analytical guidelines for grasping how some components of three types of social order, conceived in terms of premodernity, modernity and postmodernity, interpenetrating each other in the contemporary life of the society, impact its members’ biographical experiences on the level of work, social ties and identity.