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The focus of this paper is to examine the role of Obafemi Awolowo in restoring Nigeria’s unity after the ill-fated secession attempt by the Eastern Region on 30 May, 1967. The paper obtained its data extensively from secondary sources. This is made up of books, journal articles, newspaper reports and government publications relevant to the study. It employs the historical method of data analysis in interrogating information obtained. The paper notes that the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970, a military response to the political conflict between the North and the East, almost ended in a failure. The impasse was, however, resolved through the strategy of starvation and economic blockade initiated by Awolowo which eventually instigated the surrender of Biafra forces to the Federal Government’s forces in January, 1970. The paper concludes that Awolowo’s ingenuity and strategic advice eventually saved the Nigerian state from imminent decimation and balkanization. His prudent management of the national treasury, as finance minister during the war years, further aided the implementation of the 3Rs post-war programme of reconciliation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. This, no doubt, helped significantly in stabilizing the Nigerian polity after the cessation of hostilities in January, 1970.
This paper attempts to historicize the Nigerian Civil War and why it is pertinent to continue to teach a proper history of the event in the spirit of national healing and nation building. To properly execute this task, accessible extant literature were consulted, prompting the need to structure this paper into five sections, the first being the introduction; the second discusses the inter-ethnic relations in pre-colonial and colonial Nigeria; the third section briefly examines the politics of the First Republic as a prelude to the war; the fourth analyses the impact of the civil war on nation-building; while the fifth and last section summarizes and terminate the paper with a conclusion.
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
Sense and Senselessness of War: Aggregating the Causes, Gains and Losses of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics
The Nigeria War of Unity 1967-1970: Strategies and DiplomacyThis study examines the aim and strategies of the Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970 and, emphasizes the diplomatic positions and war strategies adopted by the two sides (Federal Government and Biafra secessionist) involved. It agrees that series of researches have been carried out as regards the Nigerian Civil War but only a few viewed it on the ground of diplomatic maneuvering and strategy. The various literatures laid more emphasis on the causes, dimensions and effects of the war without a thorough analogy on the use of tact and strategy in the context of the war. The study also examines the use of propaganda, military tact, media, peace talks and summits in the context of the Nigerian civil war. This study is divided into two parts; the use of strategies by the Nigerian government and the Biafra people, as well as the peace talks and summits that took place during the war. Both primary and secondary sources of data are employed in this research.
2016 •
Aguiyi Ironsi’s attempted restructuring of Nigeria through the Unification Decree of 1966 might have been well-conceived as a political stabilization and unity oriented policy especially given the turbulence that characterized the country’s First Republic and the circumstances surrounding his emergence as Nigeria’s military leader in January, 1966. However, the introduction of the ill-fated unitarism in replacement of federalism inadvertently further destabilized the country. Northerners became pessimistic about the dictates of the new political arrangement and were vehemently suspicious of the rationale for its introduction. The conflicting interpretations of the Decree eventually led to the fall of Ironsi’s government in July 1966, precipitating the problems of legitimacy, distrust and violence that formed the bedrock of the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970. This paper therefore explores Nigeria’s political system before Ironsi, rationale for his Unification Decree and the unfoldin...
Ephraim-George Soibi Sharon
NAME: - EPHRAIM-GEORGE SOIBI SHARON MATRIC NUMBER: -AUL/HUM/16/00041 COURSE CODE: -HDS 214 COURSE TITLE: -NIGERIA SINCE 1800 TO INDEPENDENCE COURSE: -HISTORY AND DIPLOMATIC STUDIES FACULTY: -HUMANITIES2018 •
This paper is basically on the Yoruba wars which was seen as a brother war which happened shortly after the collapse of the Old Oyo Empire
The Nigerian Civil War remains one of the most important political incidents in the history of the country. The Civil War covers the period of 30 months (1967-1970) of confrontation between the secessionist eastern region, Republic of Biafra and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The significant of this event for Nigerian political development cannot be overemphasised. Forty-four years after the war, its legacies have endured against the stability of the nation. Among the legacies of the Civil War and notable reasons for the book are: 1) despite the policy of reintegration pursued by the post-civil war governments, the Igbos (members of the ethnic group that dominated the secession) still continued to feel less secure outside their 'state of origin', and most particularly in the northern region; 2) the Igbo people have remained politically marginalised in the national politics; and 3) Biafra and neo-Biafra ideas have continued to serve as popular points of rally and advocacy. The relevance of violent advocacy groups like Movement for Actualisation of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) is an instance. Appreciable number of books has appeared on the subject of Nigerian Civil War. Some of the existing accounts have engaged the Civil War broadly, while others focused on aspects of the event, including antecedents of the war, battle experiences, the cost, international dimension, the consequences et-central. It is within the context of antecedents of the war and overall cost incurred by the Igbo nation before and during the war that one could find this book worthwhile. The book contribute to knowledge on civil war, ethno-regional politics, insurgency and terrorism, state viability, regime security, leadership crisis, art, education and diplomacy. The book benefited from the reputation of the author in the world of literature, in terms of attention. This account explains the Biafra secessionist struggle within the framework of leadership crisis in Nigeria. This factor is identified to have interplay the phenomenon of ethnicity, democratic reversal and state failure in Nigerian history. The book explains the trend that accounted for the personality clash between General Yakubu Gowon, the military head of state of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and the military governor of the eastern region and the head of (defunct) Biafran state, Lt-Col. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu. This personality clash plays out well within the framework of ethnic, regional and even religious cleavages. To this understanding, the civil war was identified as ethno-regional struggle within the country, but Ojukwu was successful with propaganda in depicting it as religious war for the Western world.
Public Policy and International Affair Academic Journal
MAJOR CHUKWUMA KADUNA NZEOGWU, THE PUTSCH OF JANUARY 1966, AND THE NIGERIA– BIAFRA WAR, 1967 – 1970: AN INTERPRETIVE ESSAY2022 •
Prior to January 15, 1966, the Nigerian military would appear to have been a truly pan-Nigeria institution. It remained largely apolitical and confined to the barracks. But a combination of factors compelled the military to intervene in national politics, first in 1966 and subsequently, in 1975-1979, 1985-1993, and 1993-1999. Of all these, however, it was the coup d’état of January 1966 and what followed, namely, the Nigeria-Biafra war of 1967-1970, that have had the most profound impact on contemporary Nigerian politics. Adopting basically the historical-descriptive approach of content analysis, this essay observed that the military’s intervention in Nigerian politics consequent upon the event of January 15, 1966 was as a result of the need to stem the pervasive corruption and leadership ineptitude of the political elite. These had created tensions and heated up the polity. However, the aims of the coupists and their intensions have elicited a variety of interpretations which have further complicated efforts to objectively and dispassionately assess the issues involved in both the January coup and the Nigeria-Biafra war. The findings and conclusion of this paper is that they were both remote and immediate causes of the coup d’état and the war.
1993 •
2001 •
Penerapan Budaya Organisasi Pada UMKM
Kelompok 4 Budaya Organisasi 19 A UAS2022 •
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