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The prediction by some experts within the United States National Intelligence Council in a document entitled " Mapping Sub-Saharan Africa's Future " predicting outright collapse of Nigeria as a nation state cannot be wished away. The study examined the factors that precipitated the disintegration of Yugoslavia and juxtaposed them with the past and present religious and socio-political state of Nigeria. The paper maintained that virtually all the factors that led to the break-up of Yugoslavia abound in Nigeria. These factors include deep seated inter-ethnic rivalries, religious intolerance, dearth of national integration, internal colonialism and deficiencies in Nigeria's federal structure. The real danger is not even the possibility of the break-up of Nigeria into new states; this would not necessarily be a problem, but the collapse of Nigeria into utter chaos and manslaughter. The study recommended true fiscal federalism, constitutionalism, respect for sectionalism, national integration and the implementation of the resolutions of the 2014 National Conference as measures to checkmate the disintegration of Nigeria.
The lecture attempts to give a historical account of Nigeria's political movement starting from the 1963 republican constitution to the first and counter coups which led to the destruction of Nigeria's federalism and the introduction of the present unitary system. The lecture also attempts to explain how the present feeding bottle unitary system under-develops Southern Nigeria and incapacitates Northern Nigeria. It highlights the merits of true federalism and explain how restructuring will resolve the fears of the secessionists. Emphasis is laid on how true federalism will stimulate national development through regional competition, reduce ethnic tension and save Nigeria from possible disintegration.
FPE Journal of Science and Technology
Nigeria's Political Restructuring and Factors of National Security and Development (1914-20202020 •
Abstract Earliest restructuring of Nigerian State started with 1881 European Conference on the Scramble for and Partition of Africa in Germany. The creation of British colonial administration in Northern Nigeria in 1900 and Southern Nigeria in 1906 led to 1914 amalgamation of Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria to seal the fate of Nigeria as a modern African State. In the colonial era, restructuring of Nigerian State to meet yearnings of the people and ensure administrative convenience at the lowest ebb was evident in 1939 creation of the Northern Provinces, the Eastern Provinces and the Western Provinces of Nigeria. The introduction of Richards Constitution in 1945 and later MacPherson Constitution with three autonomous Regions prepared Nigeria as a politically independent state on 1st October, 1960. Further political restructuring influenced by political crisis led to creation of Midwest Region in 1963 when Nigeria attained the status of a sovereign Republic. Much later in May 1967, military intervention in politics and successionists threats of Eastern Nigeria as the Republic of Biafra led to Gowon’s creation of 12 States. By 1976, Muritala Mohammed junta expanded Nigeria’s Federation to a 19 States structure which remained until 1983 fall of Second Republic. In 1987, Babangida led junta adopted a 21 State structure which grew to 30 States in 1991. In 1996, Abacha’s regime reinvented Nigeria into 36 States apart from the Federal Capital Territory at Abuja. State creation as part of restructuring after British colonial rule surrounds the need to protect minorities, create opportunities and political platforms for diverse people of Nigeria, remove ambivalence surrounding geographical and topographical access, population cluster, customs and administrative convenience. In this paper, restructuring of Nigeria and the goals served in meeting people’s aspirations within the potential scale for harmonizing national security and national development is discussed. Keywords: Restructuring, National Security, National Development, State Creation, Nigeria’s Constitution.
Introduction Since the amalgamation of the Southern Protectorates and the Colony of Lagos with the Northern Protectorates by the British Government to form Nigeria on January 1, 1914, the country has been beset by numerous problems as its leaders continuously fail to construct a viable political system. Apart from the Colony of Lagos, the protectorates were never colonies of Britain. While the series of " treaties of protection " signed between Britain and the various ethnic nationalities and states were intended to grant Britain exclusive trade rights, the treaties never meant the extinguishment of the independence of these states and ethnic nationalities. For them, these " treaties of protection " merely granted Britain a status of a preferred trading partner and not a termination of their independence status. The amalgamation of 1914 was executed without the consent of the independent ethnic nationalities.
Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Northern Hegemony versus Southern Aversion: The Politics of Restructuring in Nigeria and its Implications for National Unity2022 •
Article History Received: 05.04.2022 Accepted: 20.04.2022 Published: 30.04.2022 Citation BADMUS, B. G., & LAFENWA, A. S. (2022 Northern Hegemony versus Southern Aversion: The Politics of Restructuring in Nigeria and its Implications for National Unity. Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4), 7-14. Abstract: The agitation for political restructuring or what has been popularly termed „true federalism‟ is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; perhaps, the quest for restructuring has become prodigious in most derailed federal systems where there are prevalence of misrule, unfair sharing of power and resources, ethnic domination/marginalization, mutual distrust among federating units and where there is persistence shift in power configuration towards unitary or centralized system. This study argues that, there are new compelling factors that are currently driving the agitation for restructuring in Nigeria; such as surge of inter/intra-border crimes, incessant banditry activities, wanton killings by insurgents and Boko-haram terrorism, high spate of kidnapping and armed robbery, frequent cult clash within the major cities, outrageous attacks on farmers by herdsmen, and overall palpable fear of general insecurity across the nation which is quite a shift from the previous propelling factors like issues of resource control, power sharing and equitable distribution of national resources and political appointments among others which were at core of the quest for restructuring particularly, by majority of political stakeholders from the Southern parts of the country. This study therefore, concludes that Nigeria may be sitting on the „gun powder‟ if the opportunity to renegotiate the future of its federalism and the national coexistence are foreclosed under the pretence of non-negotiable unity of the country. Keywords: Hegemony, Political Restructuring, Federalism, Politics, Democracy.
Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs
The Crisis of Multi-Ethnic Federations: A Case of Nigeria2019 •
This paper compliments extant literature on crisis of multi-ethnic societies that have adopted federal system with special focus on Nigeria. This paper adopts the qualitative method and theoretically hinges on two dominant theories of federalism: the Legalistic postulations of K.C. Wheare and the Sociological perspective of federalism by W.H. Livingston. Federalism has been differently adopted and institutionalized with mixed outcomes across the globe. Nigerian had a viable federal structure prior to military incursion in January 15 1966, however, with that forceful change of regime, the federal structure that were emerging was inverted and ever since post-colonial Nigeria searches elusively for the answer to many national questions threatening its corporate existence, 52 years after the search continues. As a way forward Nigerian people must be made to see reasons to live together, the people of Nigeria should be given the platform to renegotiate their existence and recreate a new ...
Nigeria prehistorically was structured socioeconomically and politically in vibrant and autonomous cooperation and entities. Its current nationhood could be referred to as a forced integration in view of the fact that the idea was foreign and crafty. This paper examines the current trend in Nigeria"s integration and the concerns of the various component units while exploring restructuring autonomy options. The paper is theoretical, employing content analysis techniques-reviewing the relevant and available literature. Observations of this paper include (i) the force integration of all the various units as one acclaimed entity has encouraged more of retrogression and underdevelopment virtually in all ramifications (ii) national government over time have been constituted largely by self-serving individuals who lack national ideology (iii) those in government have use of ethnic, religious and political party sentiments in manipulating the affairs of the people.
Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research
Nigeria: Failed States and the State of the Nation2023 •
Every failed or collapsed state in the world has a history. Such history is often laden with indices of practices abhorred in other progressive and relatively peaceful states. Nigeria has become infamous for her retarded growth when placed side by side with other developing countries. The reasons for these are not in the blues rather are seen in the day to day activities of an average Nigerian not to mention the seeming institutionalization of decadence in the political structure and polity. This article is anchored on the elite theory so as to plausibly explain this precarious situation. The methodology employed is mainly the analysis of secondary data from journals, literature and documentaries, while also carrying out relevant empirical review. Findings revealed that Nigeria as an entity has experienced in good measure and at a very high rate the characteristics of a failed state some of which include lack of adequate security, corruption, human rights violation, lack of development, weak governance, poor administration, enduring social tensions, violent conflicts, ruins or memories of a civil war, lack of respect for rule of law and loss of legitimacy. The study recommends among others that there should be National Action Plan to guide development strategies, reformation of electoral laws, respect for rule of law, public participation in decision making and a fiscal federalism.
Nigeria, like many other states characterized by ethno-linguistic, socio-economic, cultural and political heterogeneities began to adopt federal system from October, 1954, about forty years later when the British colonial masters together with (to some extent) the nationalists and politicians constitutionally instituted a federal system to among others properly accommodate the heterogeneities among the regions. The federal system has been in operation since then except for short period of Ironsi’s military regime (January-July, 1966). The operation of this system is however, not without somedegree of success and shortcomings. This paper studied the journey so far in adopting and institutiona-lising the system, the prospects, impediments and the questions of national unity and nation building. The study used secondary sources to gather data. The study found that: unity and cooperation are essential to Nigeria’s economic, political and social prosperity, harmony and achieving common national objectives; Nigeria’s national development is an embodiment of central, states and local interests involving heterogeneities as portrayed in the Nigerian make up; Nigeria has been practicing federal system for about sixty years now, but only little has been achieved in the attempt to foster unity and cooperation among Nigerians and pursue the task of nation building; that intense regional/states and local rivalries have shaped, dominated and threatened the federal system; the North-South religious-political dichotomy and politics negatively affect the pursuit of national unity and development; the level of unity and cooperation among Nigerians is poor and Nigerians tend to emphasize forces of division than unity and are today more committed to their ethnic, sectional, religious and other primordial sentiments thereby endangering the prospects of peace, unity, cohesiveness, progress and stability of the country; Nigerians are yet to arrive at and fully agree on a common type/structure of federalism to adopt; prolonged period of military has impeded the institutional and proper evolution of federalism and national development. The paper recommends among others diversification of economy especially to solid minerals and agric sectors, devising and working strictly according to development plans, institutionalisation of democratic principles and popular based decisions making, promotion of national integration, values and tolerance, cooperation, accommodation and social cohesion among Nigerians, more emphasis on national identity, recognition and respect of constitutionally established federal character, more emphasis on implementation of other government principles based on social justice, total respect for principles of democracy, fundamental rights and rule of law, checking and regulating the activities of ethno-religious organisations which overtly or covertly generate and increase tension in the federal structure and the polity.
One of the most persistent problems confronting African states has been that of nation-building, especially national integration. As the case of Nigeria clearly shows, this problem became-more pronounced after independence. This is not to say, however, that the issue of nation-building and national integration was absent, per se, under British colonial rule. In all honesty, theamalgamation of 1914 brought the hitherto heterogeneous peoples of Nigeria together under one administrative framework. Trying to integrate all these groups into a united country has remained a herculean task. This easy seeks to historicize this phenomenon to serve as a guide for finding sustainable, solutions to its lingering consequences. In so doing, the historical/descriptive approach is adopted, informed, as it were, by the very nature of the topic. Thus, content analysis of relevant literature was employed and the topic analyzed thematically. The finding is that political stability imperative in any attempt at resolving the crisis of nation-building and national integration in Nigeria. There need fora paradigm shift with regard to some of the official policies whichhave tended to exacerbate rather than diminish thecrisis of nation-building and national integration in Nigeria.
Recherches en didactique des langues et des cultures Les cahiers de l'Acedle, 18-2, Didactique des langues & plurilinguisme(s) : 30 ans de recherches
Ilots bilingues et méso-alternance Une approche plurilingue des DNL2021 •
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Cahiers de géographie du Québec
LAMARE, Marine (2015) Le droit à la ville. Justifications, apports, manifestations et portées. Paris, L’Harmattan, 306 p. (ISBN 978-2-343-05548-0)2015 •
Indonesian Journal of Laboratory
Analisis Manajemen Laboratorium Terpadu Mikroskopis Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura Papua (Studi Kasus)Journal of Biological Chemistry
Ubiquitin-independent Mechanisms of Mouse Ornithine Decarboxylase Degradation Are Conserved between Mammalian and Fungal Cells2003 •
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Derivative spectrophotometric method for determination of acyclovir in polymeric nanoparticles2012 •
IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Spectral domain analysis of frequency-selective surfaces on biaxially anisotropic substrate2007 •
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Rigor y capacidad transformadora de la investigación sobre sistemas regionales de innovación: un modelo conceptual para la colaboración entre expertos/as e investigadores/as en la acción2014 •
Physical Review B
Peak effect and its evolution with defect structure in YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films at microwave frequencies2002 •
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Learning, Media and Technology
Neoliberal education and the neoliberal digital classroom2021 •