EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SEVERAL LIPIDS, AMINO ACIDS, AND PEPTIDE-DERIVED HORMONES IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Anjali Vashishth, Neha Singh

Abstract


Physical activity induces many changes in the human body by increasing energy metabolism and resting energy expenditure and hormones play a major role in these changes. Hormones are chemical messengers that stimulate biochemical reactions that trigger cell activity and functions. Hormones are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system and communication between the endocrine system and nervous system regulates both internal and external changes and maintains homeostasis. Hormones are classified into lipid, amino acid, and peptide-derived hormones and they play major roles in the human body. Lipid-derived hormones perform many important functions i.e., muscle growth, neuromuscular adaptation, protein metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, fat oxidation, salt and water homeostasis, etc. Amino acid-derived hormones also perform many important functions like vasoconstriction, thermoregulation, tissue differentiation, fight or flight response, maintaining circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle, etc. Peptide-derived hormones play a major role in body fluid homeostasis, regulating appetite, gluconeogenesis, glucose production, and lipid metabolism, maintaining circadian rhythm, maintaining energy balance, reducing weight gain, delaying gastric emptying, etc. Physical activity regulates hormone levels in the body to provide major benefits and enhance the health status of healthy individuals. This review will provide a brief description of all lipid, amino acid, and peptide-derived hormones that perform many important functions and how their functions are influenced by physical activity.

 

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physical activity, lipid hormones, amino acid hormones, peptide hormones

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