THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND SOCIAL SKILLS (CO-OPERATION, INTERACTION, INDEPENDENCE) OF PRESCHOOLERS
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between neuromuscular junction and the social skills of cooperation, interaction and independence, after these variables had been detected and assessed in early childhood children. The sample consisted of 72 preschoolers (40 boys, 32 girls) aged 48 to 78 months. In order to assess whether or not there were kinetic difficulties in the neuromuscular juxtaposition of preschoolers, an array of eight motor tests was used (M-ABC Test, Henderson & Sugden, 1992). The Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (Merrell, 1994) was used to assess social skills. The results showed that the majority of children performed below the values of the risk zones, while 8.00% of the sample was found in the high-risk zone. No differences were found regarding gender and age regarding the onset of motor problems. Regarding social skills, it was found that most preschoolers had sufficient skills of cooperation, interaction and independence, while few were those with a shortage of these skills. In addition, the results showed a relationship between performance in MABC Test and social skills, but this was not statistically significant. The results of this research are consistent with other similar surveys, but they also contradict some others. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the issue due to the small sample of the survey.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Arampatzi, M. (2015). Evaluation of the developmental disorder of motoric coordination of elementary school pupils by educators through the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 observation list. Unpublished postgraduate dissertation. D.E.P.S.S. of Serres – Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Bar-Haim, Y., Bart, O. (2006) Motor function and social participation in kindergarten children. Social Development, 15(2): 296 – 310.
Bart, O., Jarus, T., Erez, Y., & Rosenberg, L. (2011). How do young children with DCD participate and enjoy daily activities? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(4): 1317–1322.
Cairney, J., Hay, J.A., Veldhuizen, S., Missiuna, C., Faught, B.E. (2010). Developmental coordination disorder, sex, and activity deficit over time: a longitudinal analysis of participation trajectories in children with and without coordination difficulties. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(3): e67 – e72. Done accessed on 18/06/2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015253
Chen, H.F., Cohn, E.S. (2003). Social Participation for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Conceptual, Evaluation and Intervention Considerations. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 23(4): 61 – 78.
Chen, Y.W., Tseng, M.H., Huc, F.C., Cermak, S.A. (2009). Psychosocial adjustment and attention in children with developmental coordination disorder using different motor tests. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(6): 1367 – 1377.
Cherng, R.J., Hsu, Y.W., Chen, Y.J., Chen, J.Y. (2007). Standing balance of children with developmental coordination disorder under altered sensory conditions. Human Movement Science, 26(6): 913 – 926.
Chow, S.M.K., Henderson, S.E., Barnett A.L. (2001). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children: A Comparison of 4-Year-Old to 6-Year- Old Children from Hong Kong and the United States. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(1): 55 – 61.
Coleman, R., Piek, J.P., Livesey, D.J. (2001). A longitudinal study of motor ability and kinaesthetic acuity in young children at risk of developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science, 20(1-2): 95 – 110.
Cummins, A., Piek, J.P., Dyck, M.J. (2005). Motor coordination, empathy, and social behaviour in school-aged children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(7): 437–442.
Denham, S.A., Blair, K.A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach-Major, S., Queenan, P. (2003). Preschool Emotional Competence: Pathway to Social Competence? Child Development, 74 (1): 238 – 256.
Dewey, D., Kaplan, B.J., Crawford, S.G., Wilson, B.N. (2002). Developmental Coordination Disorder: Associated problems in attention, Learning, and psychosocial adjustment. Human Movement Science, 21(5-6): 905 – 918.
Dewey, D., Wilson, B.N. (2001). Developmental Coordination Disorder: What is it? Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics (The Haworth Press, Inc.), 20(2-3): 5 – 27.
Gallahue, D. (2002). Developmental Physical Education for Today’s Children. (Editing.: Ch., Evagelinou & Α. Papa), Thessaloniki, University Studio Press.
Giagazoglou, P., Kabitsis, N., Kokaridas, D., Zaragas, C., Katartzi, E., Kabitsis, C. (2011). The movement assessment battery in Greek preschoolers: The impact of age, gender, birth order, and physical activity on motor outcome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6): 2577 – 2582.
Gillberg, C., Kadesjo, B. (2003). Why bother about clumsiness? The implications of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Neural Plasticity, 10(1-2):59 – 68.
Gubbay, S.S. (1975) The clumsy child. London: W. B. Saunders.
Haibach-Beach, P., Reid, G. & Doug Collier, D. (2018). Motor learning and Development. 2nd Edition, Custody: Ch., Zaragkas, Athens, Ed.: Pedio.
Henderson, S.E, & Sugden, D.A. (1992). Movement Assessment Battery for Children. London UK: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Iosefidis, A. (2015). Assessment of social skills of preschool children: Investigation of differences in the gender of the child and the socio-economic background of the family. Teacher's Science Step. Teachers' Federation of Greece, Institute of Pedagogical Research - Studies. Issue 20, pp. 43-59.
Iversen S., Knivsberg A., B., Nødland M., & Ellertsen, B. (2006). Motor coordination difficulties in 6-year-old children with severe behavioural and emotional problems. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.165-181.
Iversen, S., Knivsberg, A.M., Ellertsen, B., Nødland, M., Bade Larsend, T. (2006). Motor coordination difficulties in 5–6-year-old children with severe behavioural and emotional problems. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 11 (3): 169 – 185.
Izard, C., Fine, S., Schultz, D., Mostow, A., Ackerman., Youngstrom, E. (2001). Emotion Knowledge as a Predictor of Social Behavior and Academic Competence in Children at Risk. Psychological Science, 12(1): 18 – 23.
Jarus, Τ., Lourie-Gelberg, Y., Engel-Yeger, B., Bart, O. (2011). Participation patterns of school-aged children with and without DCD. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(4): 1323 – 1331.
Junaid, Κ.Α., Fellowes, S. (2006). Gender Differences in the Attainment of Motor Skills on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 26(1/2): 5 – 11.
Kanioglou, A., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Barkoukis, V., (2005). Socialization and behavioral problems of elementary school pupils with developmental coordination disorder. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 101(1): 163 – 173.
Karabatzaki, Z., (2002). Early Detection and Identification of Developmental Disorder of Psychomotor Coordination in children aged 4-8 years. Doctoral thesis. University of Ioannina.
Kennedy-Behr, A., Rodger, S., Michan, S. (2013a). A comparison of the play skills of preschool children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health (Thorofare N J), 33(4): 198 – 208.
Kennedy-Behr, A., Rodger, S., Mickan, S. (2011). Physical and social play of preschool children with and without coordination difficulties: preliminary findings. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(7): 348 – 354.
Koblinsky, S.A., Kuvalanka, K.A., Randolph, S.M. (2006). Social skills and behavior problems of Urban, African American preschoolers: Role of parenting practices, family conflict and maternal depression. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4): 554 – 563.
Kourtessis, T., Tsigilis, N., Maheridou, M., Ellinoudis, T., Kiparissis, M., Kioumoutzoglou, E. (2008). The influence of a short intervention program on early childhood and physical education teachers’ ability to identify children with developmental coordination disorders. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 2(4): 276 – 286.
Kourtessis, T., Tzetzis, G., Kioumourtzoglou, E., Mavromatis, G. (2001). The effects of an intensive recreational program on children with movement difficulties. New Zealand Journal of Disability Studies, 9, 120 – 139.
Liberman, L., Ratzon, N., Bart, O. (2013). The profile of performance skills and emotional factors in the context of participation among young children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(1): 87 – 94.
Lingam, R., Jongmans, M.J., Ellis, M., Hunt, L.P., Golding, J., Emond, A. (2012). Mental Health Difficulties in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder. Pediatrics, 129(4): e882 – e891.
Liveris Kantere, A. (2006). Coexistence of kinetic skill and learning difficulties in the Greek school environment - A first approach. Unpublished postgraduate dissertation. TEFFA Komotini, Democritus University of Thrace & University of Thessaly.
Livesey, D., Coleman, R., Piek, J. (2007). Performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children by Australian 3- to 5-year-old children. Child: care, health and development, 33(6): 713 – 719.
Merrell, K.W. (1994). Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales. Test Manual. Clinical Psychology Publishing Company, Inc., Brandon, Vermont
Missiuna, C., Gaines, R., Soucie, H., McLean, J. (2006). Parental questions about developmental coordination disorder: A synopsis of Current evidence. Pediatric Child Health, 11(8): 507 – 512.
Pedagogical Psychological Encyclopedia Dictionary (1990). Coordination, Athens, ed.: Greek Letters, vol. 8, p. 4598.
Piek, J.P., Bradbury, G.S., Elsley, S.C., Tate, L. (2008). Motor Coordination and Social– Emotional Behaviour in Preschool-aged Children. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 55(2): 143 – 151.
Poulsen, A.A., Ziviani, J.M., Cuskelly, M., Smith, R. (2007). Boys with developmental coordination disorder: Loneliness and team sports participation. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(4): 451 – 462.
Schoemaker, S.M., Kalverboer, A.F. (1994). Social and Affective Problems of Children Who Are Clumsy: How Early Do "they Begin? Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 130 – 140.
Skinner, R.A., Piek, J.P. (2001). Psychosocial implications of poor motor coordination in children and adolescents. Human Movement Science, 20, 73 – 94.
Smith A, Zelaznik HN. Development of functional synergies for speech motor coordination in childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychobiologie., 45(1):22-33.
Smyth, M.M., Anderson, H.I. (2000). Coping with clumsiness in school playground: Social and physical play in children with coordination impairments. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18, 389 – 413.
Sutton Hamilton, S. (2002). Evaluation of Clumsiness in Children. American Academy of Family Physicians, 66(8): 1435 – 1440.
Sylvestre, A., Nadeau, L., Charron, L., Larose, N., Lepage, C. (2013). Social participation by children with developmental coordination disorder compared to their peers. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(21): 1814 – 1820.
Tsougou, E. (2007). Detection of kinetic coordination kinetic disorders in pre-school children. Unpublished postgraduate dissertation. TEFFA Komotini, Democritus University of Thrace & University of Thessaly.
Waelvelde, H.V., Peersman, W., Lenoir, M., Smits Engelsman, B.C.M., Henderson, S.E. (2008). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children: Similarities and Differences Between 4- and 5-Year-Old Children from Flanders and the United States. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 20(1): 30 – 38.
Zaragkas, C. (2012). Investigation of the relationship between the degree of motor learning and social action through group activities in kindergarten. Scientific Yearbook of the Pedagogical Department of Kindergarten, University of Ioannina, 5, 5 – 30.
Zaragkas, Ch. (2009). Developmental disorder of neuromuscular juxtaposition in preschool children. Unpublished postgraduate dissertation in Kinesiology. D.E.P.S.S. of Serres – Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Zimmer, R. (2007). Kinetic Handbook. From theory to practice. Sci. ed.: A., Kampas. Athens: Athlotypo.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.1990
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Zaragkas Charilaos K., Chatzivasiloglou Anastasia, Giotsa Artemis, Sarris Dimitrios
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
