DO SPORTS, TAKE PHOTO AND SHARE: PHUBBING, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND NARCISISM OF BODY BUILDERS
Abstract
Although mobile phone addiction is rapidly spreading, there are few studies available in the literature on social and cultural impacts of this addiction. The concept of Phubbing is defined as individuals escaping interpersonal communication by dealing their mobile phones. In line with this information, the aim of the research is to determine the relationships between phubbing, social media addiction and narcissism structures of individuals who are interested in various levels of bodybuilding. Convenience sampling method were used to reach 319 individuals who are interested in various levels of bodybuilding. The data obtained in accordance with the objectives of the research were analyzed with two-step approach in the light of the basic principles of structural equation modeling. In this respect, confirmatory factor analysis and various validity reliability analyzes proposed by the literature were applied to the research data via AMOS22 package program. Following the validation of the research model, the structural model was tested in order to explore the relationships between the structures. As a result of the analyzes performed within the scope of the measurement model, the model was found to be valid and reliable. As a result of the analyzes performed within the scope of the measurement model, the model was found to be valid and reliable. By testing the structural model researchers found positive relationships between bodybuilding athletes' phubbing, social media loyalty and narcissism levels. The findings obtained from the research have made important contributions to the developing phubbing literature. It can be stated that bodybuilding is affected by tendencies towards social media platforms. This study sheds light on the discussions about future research.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of research in personality, 40(4), 440-450.
Allen, K. A., Ryan, T., Gray, D. L., McInerney, D. M., & Waters, L. (2014). Social media use and social connectedness in adolescents: The positives and the potential pitfalls. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 31(1), 18-31.
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.
Arkin, R. M. (1981). Self-presentation styles. Impression management theory and social psychological research, 311, 334.
Babbie, E. R. (1998). The practice of social research (Vol. 112). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth publishing company.
Barbera, L. D., Paglia, L. F., & Valsavoia, R. (2009). Social network and addiction. Stud Health Technol Inform, 144, 33-36.
Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of computer‐mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Brown, J., & Graham, D. (2008). Body satisfaction in gym-active males: An exploration of sexuality, gender, and narcissism. Sex Roles, 59(1-2), 94-106.
Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J.G. (2005). Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use. CyberPsychology & Behavior. Volume 8, Number 1, 2005.
Campbell, W. K., Reeder, G. D., Sedikides, C., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Narcissism and comparative self-enhancement strategies. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(3), 329-347.
Charlton, J. P., & Danforth, I. D. (2007). Distinguishing addiction and high engagement in the context of online game playing. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1531-1548.
Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18.
Crawford, S., & Eklund, R. C. (1994). Social physique anxiety, reasons for exercise, and attitudes toward exercise settings. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 16(1), 70-82.
Davis, C. (1992). Body image, dieting behaviors, and personality factors: A study of high-performance female athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23, 179-192.
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in human behavior, 17(2), 187-195.
Eksi, F. (2012). Examination of Narcissistic Personality Traits' Predicting Level of Internet Addiction and Cyber Bullying through Path Analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(3), 1694-1706.
Elman, W. F., & McKelvie, S. J. (2003). Narcissism in football players: Stereotype or reality. Athletic Insight, 5(1), 1-9.
Emini, N. N., & Bond, M. J. (2014). Motivational and psychological correlates of bodybuilding dependence. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(3), 182-188.
Falaki, H., Lymberopoulos, D., Mahajan, R., Kandula, S., & Estrin, D. (2010, November). A first look at traffic on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement (pp. 281-287). ACM.
Falk, A., & Fischbacher, U. (2006). A theory of reciprocity. Games and economic behavior, 54(2), 293-315.
Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychological science, 23(3), 295-302.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 382-388.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance use, 10(4), 191-197.
Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: An overview of preliminary findings. In Behavioral addictions (pp. 119-141).
Gummesson, E. (2004). Return on relationships (ROR): the value of relationship marketing and CRM in business-to-business contexts. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 136-148.
Hambleton, R. K., & Kanjee, A. (1993). Enhancing the Validity of Cross-Cultural Studies: Improvements in Instrument Translation Methods.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6).
Hart, E. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). Tie measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and exercise Psychology, 11(1), 94-104.
http://stopphubbing.com
Hong, F. Y., Huang, D. H., Lin, H. Y., & Chiu, S. L. (2014). Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage, and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese university students. Telematics and Informatics, 31(4), 597-606.
Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., ... & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of behavioral addictions, 4(2), 60-74.
Karaiskos, D., Tzavellas, E., Balta, G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). P02-232-Social network addiction: a new clinical disorder?. European Psychiatry, 25, 855.
Keysar, B., Converse, B. A., Wang, J., & Epley, N. (2008). Reciprocity is not give and take: Asymmetric reciprocity to positive and negative acts. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1280-1286.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(9), 3528-3552.
Kuss, D., D Griffiths, M., Karila, L., & Billieux, J. (2014). Internet addiction: a systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Current pharmaceutical design, 20(25), 4026-4052.
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS one, 8(12), e83558.
Leary, M. R. (1992). Self-presentational processes in exercise and sport. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 14(4), 339-351.
Malhotra, N. K., & Peterson, M. (2006). Basic Research Marketing: A decision-making approach.
Malik, S., & Khan, M. (2015). Impact of facebook addiction on narcissistic behavior and self-esteem among students. J Pak Med Assoc, 65(3), 260-263.
Malita, L. (2011). Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 747-753.
Martin, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Self-presentational determinants of health risk behavior among college freshmen. Psychology and Health, 16(1), 17-27.
Mazzoni, E., & Iannone, M. (2014). From high school to university: Impact of social networking sites on social capital in the transitions of emerging adults. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(2), 303-315.
McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2004). Body image dissatisfaction among males across the lifespan: A review of past literature. Journal of psychosomatic research, 56(6), 675-685.
Müller, N. (2014). Immunology of schizophrenia. Neuroimmunomodulation, 21(2-3), 109-116.
Raghibi, M., & Minakhany, G. (2012). Body management and its relation with body image and self concept. Knowledge & research in applied psychology, 12(46), 72-81.
Robertsa, R., Woodmana, T., Hardya, L., Davisb, L., & Wallacec, H. M. (2013). Psychological Skills Do Not Always Help Performance:The Moderating Role of Narcissism. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(3), 316-325.
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 173-220). Academic Press.
Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in human behavior, 27(5), 1658-1664.
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction.
Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632-2639.
Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 402-407.
Smith, D., & Hale, B. (2004). Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale. British journal of sports medicine, 38(2), 177-181.
Spano, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise and anxiety, obsessivecompulsiveness, compulsiveness, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(2), 87-93.
Stimson, J. A., Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1978). Interpreting polynomial regression. Sociological Methods & Research, 6(4), 515-524.
Turel, O., Serenko, A., & Giles, P. (2011). Integrating technology addiction and use: An empirical investigation of online auction users. Mis Quarterly, 35(4), 1043-1062.
Turel, O., & Serenko, A. (2012). The benefits and dangers of enjoyment with social networking websites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(5), 512-528.
Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of management, 36(5), 1117-1142.
Vaknin, S. (2001). Malignant self love: Narcissism revisited. Narcissus Publishing.
Van Deursen, A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in human behavior, 45, 411-420.
Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The Performance of Narcissists Rises and Falls With Perceived Opportunity for Glory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(5), 819-834.
Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., & Su, Z. Q. (2012). The relationships among the Big Five Personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese University students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2313-2319.
Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(2), 173-177.
Yavari, S. A., van der Stok, J., Chai, Y. C., Wauthle, R., Birgani, Z. T., Habibovic, P., ... & Zadpoor, A. A. (2014). Bone regeneration performance of surface-treated porous titanium. Biomaterials, 35(24), 6172-6181.
Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in human behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.2472
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Metin Argan, Hüseyin Köse, Caner Özgen, Belkıs Yalınkaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
