EFFET DU PORT DE CHARGE CEPHALIQUE SUR LES PARAMETRES CINEMATIQUES DE LA MARCHE CHEZ LES ENFANTS DE 8 A 11 ANS DANS LA VILLE DE PORTO-NOVO, BENIN / EFFECT OF CEPHALIC LOAD CARRIER ON THE KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF THE WALKING AMONG CHILDREN AGED 8 TO 11 YEARS OLD IN THE CITY OF PORTO-NOVO, BENIN
Abstract
Introduction : Le port de charge céphalique, technique de portage couramment utilisée par les enfants en Afrique de l’ouest dans le domaine commercial et autour des travaux domestiques, n’est pas sans conséquence sur leur santé. Le but de cette étude expérimentale est d’évaluer les effets induits par le portage céphalique sur les paramètres cinématiques de la marche chez des enfants au Benin. Méthode : 36 enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans et porteurs de charge céphalique ont pris part à l’étude. Les données ont été traitées avec le logiciel statistique R 3.1.0 sous l’interface Rstudio. La statistique descriptive a permis d’explorer les paramètres cinématiques. L’analyse de variance à mesures répétées a été effectuée pour déterminer les paramètres affectés par la charge portée. Le Test t de Student pour échantillons indépendants a permis de déterminer les différences significatives entre la condition de portage sans charge et celle avec charge. Le niveau de significativité des tests statistiques est fixé à p < 0,05. L’âge moyen des sujets est de 9,61 ± 1,23 ans avec 3 ans au moins d’expérience dans la pratique de port de charge céphalique. Résultat : Après analyse de plusieurs charges allant de 0 à 40% de la masse corporelle, une perturbation de la durée de mise en charge a été observée lors de la phase d’oscillation à partir de 35% de la masse corporelle (p = 0,0124). Conclusion : les enfants de 8 à 11 ans d’échantillon peuvent porter sur la tête, une charge correspondant à 30% de leur masse corporelle sans une perturbation majeure des paramètres cinématiques.
Introduction: The cephalic carrying of loads, a technique commonly used by children in West Africa in commercial and domestic settings, is not without consequences on their health. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of head carrying on kinematic parameters of walking in children in Benin. Method: 36 children aged 8 to 11 years and carrying a cephalic load took part in the study. The data were processed with the statistical software R 3.1.0 under the Rstudio interface. Descriptive statistics were used to explore kinematic parameters. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to determine the parameters affected by the load carried. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to determine significant differences between the no-load and loaded carrying conditions. The level of significance for statistical tests is set at p < 0.05. The average age of the subjects was 9.61 ± 1.23 years with at least 3 years of experience in cephalic load carrying. Result: After analysis of several loads ranging from 0 to 40% of body mass, a disturbance of the loading duration was observed during the swing phase from 35% of body mass (p = 0.0124). Conclusion: Children aged 8 to 11 years in the sample can carry a load corresponding to 30% of their body mass on their head without a major disturbance of the kinematic parameters.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agarwal, S., Attah, M., Apt, N., Kwakye, E. A., & Turner, J. (1997). Bearing the weight : the kayayoo , Ghana’s working girl child. International Social Work, 40, 245‑263.
Akplogan, B., Hounmenou, A. M., Aze, O., Alegbeh, S. E., & Azondekon, A. (2016). Facteurs associes au port de charge céphalique chez des enfants au Bénin: étude transversale. Pan Afr Med J., 23, 136-41. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.23.136.7502
Andre-Georges, H. (1987). La trchnologie science humaine.
Brisswalter, J., Durand, M., Delignieres, D., & Legros, P. (1995). Optimal and non-optimal demand in a dual task of pedalling and simple reaction time: effects on energy expenditure and cognitive performance. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29, 15‑34.
Chansirinukor, W., Wilson, D., Grimmer, K., & Dansie, B. (2001). Effects of backpacks on students : Measurement of cervical and shoulder posture. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 47(2), 110‑116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60302-0
Dansou, H., Akplogan, B., Lawani, M., & Dedjan, A. (2006). Le port de charge cephalique et ses consequences sur le rachis lombraire des femmes beninoises en milieu rural. J Rech Sci Univ, 8(2), 203‑220.
Dorgans, M., Tlili, M., & Audiffren, M. (2005). Stabilité du patron locomoteur et coût attentionnel de la locomotion bipédique à différentes allures chez l’homme. EDP Sciences, 453‑454.
Érikson, É. (1946). Ego developement and historical change, psychoanal. Studychild.
Falola, J.-M., Gouthon, P., Lawani, M. M., & Brisswalter, J. (2009). Analyse de l’activité musculaire lors de la flexion du buste. Movement & Sport Sciences, 2(67), 89‑98.
Geere, J. L., Mokoena, M. M., Jagals, P., Poland, F., & Hartley, S. (2010). Child : How do children perceive health to be affected by domestic water carrying ? Qualitative findings from a mixed methods study in rural South Africa. Child Care Health Dev., 36(6), 818-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01098.x
Grenier, J. G., Nicolas, P., Castells, J., Oullion, R., Messonnier, L., & Morin, J.-B. (2012). Energy cost and mechanical work of walking during load carriage in soldiers. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 44(6), 1131‑1141. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.ObO
Griffin, T. M., Roberts, T. J., Kram, R., Timothy, M., & Roberts, T. J. (2003). Metabolic cost of generating muscular force in human walking : insights from load-carrying and speed experiments. 27710, 172‑183.
Hong, Y., & Cheung, C. (2003). Gait and posture responses to backpack load during le v el walking in children. Gait and Posture, 17, 28‑33.
Hounmenou, A., Akplogan, B., Falola, J.-M., Alegbeh, E., Bode, G., & Dansou, P. (2014). Etude biométrique des retombées posturales du port de charge céphalique sur le rachis des enfants au Benin. J. Rech. Sci. Univ, 16(2), 165‑172.
Jäger, H., Gordon-Harris, L., Mehring, U., Goetz, G., & Mathias, K. (1997). Degenerative change in the cervical spine and load-carrying on the. Skeletal Radiol., 26(8), 475‑481.
Kapur, P. (1949). Theory of lord carriage by man. Defence science journal, 1(1), 1‑9.
Nakou, S., Akamba, S., Biga, A., & Hounmenou, A. (2014). Analyse anthropotechnique du port de charge sur la tete au Benin : Le cas des marchandes ambulantes de Porto- Novo. J Rech Sci Univ, 16(3), 63‑74.
Sekiya, N., Nagasaki, H., & Ito, H. (1997). Optimal walking in terms of variability in step length. JOSP, 26(5), 266‑272.
Song, Q., Yu, B., Zhang, C., Sun, W., & Mao, D. (2014). Research in sports medicine : an effects of backpack weight on posture , gait patterns and ground reaction forces of male children with obesity during stair descent. Res Sports Med., 22(2), 172-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.881823
Warzee, E., & Petermans, J. (2007). Les troubles de la marche de la personne âgée. Rev Med Liege, 62(12), 713‑718.
Winter, D. (1991). The Biomechanics and motor control of human gait (E. and Normal & Pathological (éds.); 2èmè, Vol. 17, Numéro 2).
Zarrugh, M. Y., Todd, F. N., & Ralston, I. J. (1974). Optimization of Energy Expenditure during Level Walking. 306(1958), 293‑294.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v8i1.4186
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 André Kabore, Mahoutin Alain Hounmenou, Stève Marjelin Donan Falola, Adama Tiama, Ahmed Kabore, Hermine Akossito Tognon, Jean-Marie Falola
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
