KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH BLOOD PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

Nkiru Edith Obande-Ogbuinya, Pascaline C. Iloka, Jude N. Nwafor, Lois Nnenna Omaka-Amari, Christian Okechukwu Aleke, Emeka U. Mong, Ben N. Ohuruogu, Scholastica A. Orj, Patricia C. Ngwakwe, Eunice N. Afoke

Abstract


This study determined the knowledge of physical activity on blood pressure distribution among Secondary School Students in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. A cross-sectional survey was employed for this study. Five research questions and 5 hypotheses guided the study. The instrument used for the study was validated by three experienced lecturers. The population for this study consisted of all secondary students in the area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 264 senior secondary students from 6 schools as they were properly guided on the complete filing and return of the questionnaires titled, Physical Activity and Blood Pressure Questionnaire, (PABPQ). The reliability coefficient value obtained was r=0.763. Two hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were administered and had a return rate of 95%. Data obtained were analyzed using frequency and percentages to answer research questions and chi-square to test research hypotheses at .05 alpha levels. The findings of the study showed a high level of knowledge of physical activity on blood pressure among respondents. Also, knowledge of physical activity on blood pressure distribution based on class, age and gender of the students were indicated to be high. Based on the findings, it was thus recommended amongst others that there should be the inclusion of the practical aspect of physical activity into the school system, as more suitable physical activities should be taught at all levels of learning. Nevertheless, there is a need to put into practice this knowledge gained for optimal and healthy living.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


knowledge, physical activity, blood pressure distribution, demographic characteristics, secondary school adolescents, Ebonyi State of Nigeria

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alricsson, J. (2013). Biosafety Health Education. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-0893.1000e111

American College of Sports Medicine (2014). Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9th edn), Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, USA.

Anisa, M. D. & Waseem, F. (2015). Effect of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure Distribution among School Children. Advances in Public Health, (4) http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/379314

Araujo, C. G. S. (2001). Fisiologia do exercicio fisio e hipertensao arterial. Uma. Breve introducao. Revista Hipertensao

Arpad A. A., Mastrocolla L. E., Bertolami M. C. (1996). Atuação do exercício físico sobre osfatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Rev Socesp 1996;6:1-5.

Astrand P. O., Rodahl K., Dahl H. A. & Stromme S. B. (2003). Body fluids, blood and circulation. In: Bahkre M. S., ed. Textbook of work physiology. Physiological Basis of Exercise (2nd edn), Champagne, IL: Human Kinetics 2003.

Castelli, D. M., Hillman, C. H., Buck, S. M., & Erwin, H. E. (2007). Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Third- and Fifth-Grade Students. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 239 – 252.

Chandrasekhar A., Kim C. S., Naji M., Natarajan K., Hahn J. O. & Mukkamala, R. (2018). Smartphone-based blood pressure monitoring via the oscillometric finger-pressing method. Science Translational Medicine,10(431): eaap8674. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8674.PMC6039119.PMID 29515001.

Cheng Y. J., Macera C. A., Addy C. L., Sy F. S., Wieland D., et al. (2003). Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function. Br J Sports Med 37: 521-528.

Chimberengwa, P. T. & Naidoo, M. (2018). Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to hypertension among residents of a disadvantaged rural community in southern Zimbabwe. PLoS One. 14: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215500 PMID: 31237883

Czernin J., Sun K., Brunken R., Böttcher M., Phelps M, et al. (1995). Effect of acute and long-term smoking on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Circulation 91: 2891-2897.

Dawber T. R. (1980). The Framingham Study. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, p. 85

Diaz, K. M. & Shimbo, D. (2013). Physical Activity and the Prevention of Hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep.;15:659–668.

Djinguin, K., Ambroise, G., Arnaud, E., Florent, K., Thierry, N., Micesse, T. & Euloge, K. (2020). Assessment of Regular Physical Activity in the Care of Hypertensive Patients at the Cardiology Institute of Abidjan and at the National Police Hospital (Ivory Coast). World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10, 648-657. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2020.109062

Fletcher G. F., Balady G., Blair S. N., Blumenthal J., Caspersen C, et al. (1996). Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the committee on exercise and cardiac rehabilitation of the council on clinical cardiology. American Heart Association. Circulation 94: 857-862.

Fletcher G. F., Balady G. J., Amsterdam E. A., Chaitman B., Eckel R., et al. (2001). Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 104: 1694-1740.

Forjaz C. L. M., Rezk C., Melo C. M. M., Santos D. A., Teixeira L., Nery S. S., et al. (2003). Exercício resistido para o paciente hipertenso: indicação ou contra-indicação. Rev BrasHiperten,10:119-24.

Forouzanfar M., Dajani H. R., Groza V. Z., Bolic M., Rajan S. & Batkin, I. (2015). Oscillometric Blood Pressure Estimation: Past, Present, and Future. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 8: 44–63. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2015.2434215.PMID 25993705.

Garbbard, C. & Barton, J. (1979). Effects of Physical Activity on Mathematical Computation among Young Children. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied103, 287-288

Gebre Nuhamin Tekle and Aschalew Ayele Belachew (2018). Knowledge, Perceived Seriousness and Lifestyle Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure, Ethiopia. Epidemiol; 8.

Gillum R. F. (1979). Pathophysiology of hypertension in blacks and whites. A review of the basis of racial blood pressure differences. Hypertension 1: 468, 1979

Gobel F. L., Nordstrom L. A, Nelson R. R., Jorgensen C. R., Wang Y. (1978). The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 57: 549-556.

Grim C. E., Grim C. M. (2016). BP: the gold standard. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension,10 (3): 191–3. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.01.004. PMID 26839183.

Hagberg J. M., Montain S. J., Martin W. H., Ehsani A. A. (1989). Effect of exercise training in 60- to 69-year-old persons with essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 64: 348-353

Hegde, S. M., & Solomon, S. D. (2015). Influence of Physical Activity on Hypertension and Cardiac Structure and Function. Current hypertension reports, 17(10), 77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-015-0588-3

Irigoyen M. C., Angelis K. D., Schaan B. D. A., Fiorino P., Michelini L. C. (2003). Exercício físicono diabetes melito associado à hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Rev Bras Hipertens,10:109-17.

Jakovljevic D. G. (2018). Physical activity and cardiovascular aging: Physiological and molecular insights. Exp Gerontol 109: 67-74.

Jenner, D. A., Vandongen, R. & Beilin, L J. (1992). Relationships between blood pressure and measures of dietary energy intake, physical fitness, and physical activity in Australian children aged 11- 12years. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1992; 46: 108-113

Kebede T., Taddese Z. & Girma A. (2022). Knowledge, attitude and practices of lifestyle modification and associated factors among hypertensive patients on-treatment follow up at Yekatit 12 General Hospital in the largest city of East Africa: A prospective cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262780

Kelley, G. A. and Kelley, K. S. (1999). Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure in women: a meta-analytic review of controlled clinical trials, Journal of Women’s Health and Gender-Based Medicine, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 787–803.

Kjeldsen S., Mundal R., Sandvik L., Erikssen G., Thaulow E., et al. (2001). Supine and exercise systolic blood pressure predict cardiovascular death in middle-aged men. J Hypertens 19: 1343-1348

Knowles, G., Pallan, M., Neil Thomas, G., Ekelund, U., Cheng, K. K., Barrett, T. and Adab, P. (2013). Physical Activity and Blood Pressure in Primary School Children - A Longitudinal Study. Hypertension, 61:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201277

Lauer R. M., Burns T. L., Clarke W. R. (1985). Assessing children's blood pressure: considerations of age and body size: the Muscatine Study. Pediatrics; 75: 1081-90.

Leon A. S., Jacobs D. R., DeBacker G., Taylor H. L. (1981) Relationship of physical characteristics and life habits to treadmill exercise capacity. Am J Epidemiol 113: 653-660.

Malina R. M. (1996) Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. Res Q Exerc Sport, 57:48–57.

Mark A. E., Janssen I. (2008) Dose-response relation between physical activity and blood pressure in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40: 1007–1012.

Morris J.N., Heady J.A., Raffle P.A., Roberts C.G. and Parks J.W. (1953). Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work. Lancet. 21;262(6795):1053-1057. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(53)90665-5. PMID: 13110049.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2017). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. The Lancet. 389 (10064): 37–55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5. PMC 5220163.PMID 27863813

Negrão C. E., Rondon M. U. P. B., Kuniyosh F. H. S., Lima E. G. (2003). Aspectos do treinamento físico na prevenção da hipertensão arterial. Revista Hipertensão, 2001;4. Disponível em URL: http://www.sbh.org.br/revista/2001_2001_V4. Acesso em 11 maio 2003.

Oparil, S., Acelajado, M. C., Bakris, G. L., Berlowitz, D. R., Cífková, R., Dominiczak, A. F., Grassi, G., Jordan, J., Poulter, N. R., Rodgers, A., & Whelton, P. K. (2018). Hypertension. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 4, 18014. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.14

Osuala E. O., Oluwatosin O. A., Kadiri S. (2014). Knowledge, attitude to hypertension and lifestyle habits of rural dwellers in Owerri-Nkwoji, Imo State Nigeria. J Public Heal Epidemiol; 6: 48–51. https://doi.org/10.5897/jphe2013.0596.

Otero M. L., Sanchez R. G., Claros N. M., et al. (1985). Relationship of blood pressure levels to height, weight and sodium and potassium excretion in Spanish children. J Hypertens, 3 (suppl 3): S91-3.

Palatini P. (2007). Heart rate as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence and basic mechanisms. Drugs 67: 3-13.

Papathanasiou G., Mitsiou G., Stamou M., Stasi S., Mamali A., et al. (2020). Impact of Physical Activity on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Rate-Pressure Product in Healthy Elderly. Health Sci J. 14 No. 2: 712.

Perret-Guillaume C., Joly L., Benetos A. (2009 Heart rate as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 52: 6-10.

Reaven P. D., Barrett-Connor E., Edelstein S. (1991). Relation between leisure-time physical activity and blood pressure in older women. Circulation 83: 559-565.

Rondon, M. U. P. B., Brum P. C. (2003). Exercício físico como tratamento não farmacológico da hipertensão arterial. Rev Bras Hipertens;10:134-7.

SEB (2021). Abakaliki Secondary education board, Ebonyi State Nigeria: Ministry of Education

Shalnova S., Shestov D. B., Ekelud L. G., Abernathy J. R., Plavinskaya S., et al. (1996) Blood pressure response and heart rate response during exercise in men and women in the USA and Russia lipid research clinics prevalence study. Atherosclerosis 122: 47-57.

Silverthorn, D. U. (2003). Fisiologia integrade, Fisologia humana. Uma abordagem integrada 2a ed. Barueri(SP): Manole,

Sola, J., Bertschi, M., Krauss, J. (2018). Measuring Pressure: Introducing oBPM, the Optical Revolution for Blood Pressure Monitoring. IEEE Pulse,9(5):31–33. doi :10.1109/MPUL.2018.2856960

Stamler, J., Stamler, R., and Neaton, J. D. (1993). Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 153, no. 5, pp. 598–615.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Be active, healthy, and happy, USA.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Uzoagulu, A. E. (2011). Practical Guide to Writing Research Project Report in Tertiary Institutions. Enugu: Cheston Publishers.

Wareham, N. J. Wong, M. Y. Hennings S., et al., (2000). Quantifying the association between habitual energy expenditure and blood pressure, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 655–660,

Whelton, S. P., Chin, A. Xin, X. & He, J. (2002). Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 493–503,

Williams, C. L., Hayman, L. L., Daniels, S. R., Robinson, T. N., Steinberger J., Paridon S., Bazzarre T. (2002). Cardiovascular health in childhood: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. American Heart Association. Circulation,106: 143–160.

Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L. (2003). Distributione cardiovascular durante o exercício. In: Fisiologia do esporte e do exercício. 2aed. São Paulo: Manole.

World Health Organization (2019). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health.

World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.

Zungu L. I.; and Djumbe F. (2013) Knowledge and lifestyle practices of hypertensive patients attending a primary health care clinic in Botswana. African J Phys Heal Educ Recreat Danc. 1–14. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8684.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v8i3.4302

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Nkiru Edith Obande-Ogbuinya, Pascaline C. Iloka, Jude N. Nwafor, Lois Nnenna Omaka-Amari, Christian Okechukwu Aleke, Emeka U. Mong, Ben N. Ohuruogu, Scholastica A. Orj, Patricia C. Ngwakwe, Eunice N. Afoke

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).