THE EFFECT OF A COMBINED EXERCISE AND GOAL SETTING PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS, NUTRITIONAL HABITS AND SMOKING CESSATION OF GREEK PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Abstract
Background. A healthy lifestyle is crucial for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a combined exercise and goal-setting program of Greek patients with MS on increasing physical activity (PA) level, adopting healthier nutritional behaviors and reduce smoking. Methods. The sample consisted of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis, 15 men and 15 women, aged 23 to 65 years, randomly assigned into two equal (experiment and control) groups. The experiment group participated in an 8-week exercise program combined with nutrition and goal-setting strategies with a purpose to adopt and maintain a healthier lifestyle. The control group did not participate in any of the intervention procedures. Both groups completed -pre and post intervention- questionnaires measuring their leisure time PA, nutritional behaviors and smoking dependence. Results. The results showed higher rates of leisure time PA, improved eating habits and reduced smoking behaviors of experiment group participants following the 8-week intervention program compared to control group participants. Conclusions. Based on findings, further recommendations were made concerning PA levels, nutrition and smoking cessation of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R, Köchert K, Simon KC, Polman CH, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller DH, Montalbán X, Edan G, Barkhof F, Pleimes D, Radü EW, Sandbrink R, Kappos L, Pohl C, 2014. Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA Neurology 71 (3): 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamaneurol. 2013.5993
Bailey RR, 2017. Goal Setting and Action Planning for Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 13 (6): 615-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827617729634
Bebetsos E, Theodorakis I, Laparidis K, Chroni S, 2000. Reliability and validity of a Self-Confidence Scale for a Healthy Eating Questionnaire. Health and Sport Performance (in Greek language) 3: 191-203.
Belbasis L, Bellou V, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JP, Tzoulaki I, 2015. Environmental risk factors and multiple sclerosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet Neurology 14(3): 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70267-4
Brown G, Leonard C, Arthur-Kelly M, 2016. Writing SMARTER goals for professional learning and improving classroom practices. Reflective Practice 17(5): 621-635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2016.1187120
Casey B, Coote S, Shirazipour C, Hannigan A, Motl R, Martin Ginis K, Latimer-Cheung A, 2017. Modifiable psychosocial constructs associated with physical activity participation in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 98(7): 1453-1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr. 2017.01.027
Compston A, Coles A, 2008. Multiple sclerosis. The Lancet (London, England) 372(9648): 1502-1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7
Dalgas U, Stenager E, Jakobsen J, Petersen T, Hansen HJ, Knudsen C, Overgaard K, Ingemann-Hansen T, 2010. Fatigue, mood and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 16(4): 480-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458509360040
Esposito S, Bonavita S, Sparaco M, Gallo A, Tedeschi G, 2018. The role of diet in multiple sclerosis: A review. Nutritional Neuroscience 21(6): 377-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1028415X.2017.1303016
Farinotti M, Vacchi L, Simi S, Di Pietrantonj C, Brait L, Filippini G, 2012. Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 12, CD004192. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004192.pub3
Fragoso YD, Santana DL, Pinto RC, 2008. The positive effects of a physical activity program for multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue. NeuroRehabilitation 23(2): 153-157.
Godin G, Shephard RJ, 1985. Psycho-social predictors of exercise intentions among spouses. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences (Journal Canadien des Sciences Appliquees au Sport), 10(1): 36-43.
Gratziou C, Gourgoulianis K, Pataka PA, Sykara GD, Messig M, Raju S, 2012. Varenicline as a smoking cessation aid in a Greek population: a subanalysis of an observational study. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 10(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-10-1
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO, 1991. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9): 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
Karageorgou A, Kokaridas D, Theodorakis Y, Mousiolis S, Patsiaouras A, Goudas M, 2019. Comparative study of individuals with and without multiple sclerosis: Overall profile of quality of life, exercise, health behaviors. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 3(4): 55-61.
Kastanias T, Tokmakidis S, 2008. Exercise as a means of promoting functional capacity and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Hellenic Medicine, 25: 720-728.
Kutzelnigg A, Lassmann H, 2014. Pathology of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 122: 15-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-444-52001-2.00002-9
Lai B, Young HJ, Bickel CS, Motl RW, Rimmer JH, 2017. Current trends in exercise intervention research, technology, and behavioral change strategies for people with disabilities: A scoping review. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 96(10): 748-761. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000743
Latimer-Cheung AE, Pilutti LA, Hicks AL, Martin Ginis KA, Fenuta AM, MacKibbon KA, Motl RW, 2013. Effects of exercise training on fitness, mobility, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review to inform guideline development. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(9): 1800-1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.04.020
Lawlor KB, Hornyak MJ, 2012. SMART goals: How the application of SMART goals contribute to achievement of student learning outcomes. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 39: 259-267.
Locke EA, Latham GP, 2006. New directions in goal-setting theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15: 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00449.x
Lorencatto F, West R, Bruguera C, Brose LS, Michie S 2016. Assessing the quality of goal setting in behavioural support for smoking cessation and its association with outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 50(2): 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9755-7
MacLeod L, 2012. Making SMART goals smarter. Physician Executive Journal, March/April, 68-72.
Marck, CH, Hadgkiss EJ, Weiland TJ, van der Meer DM, Pereira NG, Jelinek GA, 2014. Physical activity and associated levels of disability and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: a large international survey. BMC Neurology, 14: 143. https://doi.org/10. 1186/1471-2377-14-143
McEwan D, Harden SM, Zumbo BD, Sylvester BD, Kaulius M, Ruissen GR, Dowd AJ, Beauchamp MR, 2016. The effectiveness of multi-component goal setting interventions for changing physical activity behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 10(1): 67-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1104258
Miller D, Barkhof F, Montalban X, Thompson A, Filippi M, 2005. Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part I: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. The Lancet Neurology, 4(5): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422 (05)70071-5
Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K, O'Reilly E, Chitnis T, Forman MR, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Ascherio A, 2011. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Annals of Neurology, 70(1): 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22456
Motl RW, Gosney JL, 2008. Effect of exercise training on quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 14(1): 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458507080464
Motl RW, Snook EM, 2008. Physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 35(1): 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-007-9006-7
Munger KL, Chitnis T, Frazier AL, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A, 2011. Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 258(3): 479-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5783-1
Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Ramírez-Anguiano AC, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Ramírez-Ramírez V, Macias-Islas MA, Torres-Sánchez ED, 2013. Immunology and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: clinical and basic approach. Clinical & Developmental Immunology, 2013, 708659. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/708659
Pearson ES, 2012. Goal setting as a health behavior change strategy in overweight and obese adults: a systematic literature review examining intervention components. Patient Education and Counseling, 87(1): 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.018
Ramanujam R, Hedström AK, Manouchehrinia A, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Bottai M, Hillert J, 2015. Effect of smoking cessation on multiple sclerosis prognosis. JAMA Neurology, 72(10): 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1788
Riccio P, Rossano R, 2015. Nutrition facts in multiple sclerosis. ASN Neuro, 7(1), 1759091414568185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759091414568185
Riemann-Lorenz K, Eilers M, von Geldern G, Schulz KH, Köpke S, Heesen C, 2016. Dietary interventions in multiple sclerosis: Development and pilot-testing of an evidence Based patient education program. PloS One, 11(10), e0165246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0165246
Romberg A, Virtanen A, Ruutiainen J, 2005. Long-term exercise improves functional impairment but not quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 252(7): 839-845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0759-2
Saini P, Lacroix J, 2009. Self-setting of physical activity goals and effects on perceived difficulty, importance and competence. Persuasive '09: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, 33: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1145/1541948.1541992
Salzer J, Hallmans G, Nyström M, Stenlund H, Wadell G, Sundström P, 2013. Smoking as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 19(8): 1022-1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458512470862
Saridi M, Nanou A, Vasilopoulos Ch, Kourakos M, Skliros E, Toska A, Souliotis K, 2017. Smoking habits among Greek university students after the financial crisis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 18(5): 1329-1335. https://doi.org/10.22034/ APJCP.2017.18.5.1329
Spitzer S, Weber D, 2019. Reporting biases in self-assessed physical and cognitive health status of older Europeans. PloS One, 14(10), e0223526. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0223526
Swann C, Rosenbaum S, Lawrence A, Vella SA, McEwan D, Ekkekakis P, 2021. Updating goal-setting theory in physical activity promotion: a critical conceptual review. Health Psychology Review, 15(1): 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2019.1706616
Theodorakis Y, Hassandra M, 2005. Smoking and exercise: Part 2. Differences between exercisers and non-exercisers. Inquiries in Sport & Physical Education, 3: 239-248.
Wilson K, Brookfield D, 2009. Effect of goal setting on motivation and adherence in a six‐week exercise program. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1): 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671894
Wingerchuk DM, 2011. Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis: Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D, and cigarette smoking. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York, 78(2): 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20240
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v8i5.4344
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Anastasia Karageorgou, Dimitrios Kokaridas, Yiannis Theodorakis, Marios Goudas, Charalampos Krommidas, Evangelia Christodoulou, Sergios Mousiolis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
