RELAÇÕES ENTRE ESTADO DE FLUXO, ANSIEDADE, RESILIÊNCIA E DESEMPENHO ESPORTIVO EM NADADORES DE ÁGUAS ABERTAS / RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOW STATE, ANXIETY, RESILIENCE, AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN OPEN WATER SWIMMERS
Abstract
As Águas Abertas (AA) consistem em uma subdisciplina da natação na qual os atletas devem nadar longas distâncias entre 2,5 km e 25 km em ambiente não controlado. Evidências indicam que em modalidades esportivas, os atletas capazes de atingirem um estado mental ótimo designado por estado de fluxo possam ter seu desempenho otimizado. Objetivo: relacionar o estado de fluxo com desempenho esportivo, ansiedade e resiliência em nadadores de águas abertas. Métodos: o presente estudo possui desenho descritivo com recorte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 77 atletas que competiram na Travessia Praia do Flamengo-Urca de 2023. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC-10), Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), e Escala de Estados de Fluxo – 2 (FSS-2). Resultados: O teste t-Student mostrou que os nadadores atletas com experiência (ACE) terminaram a prova mais rápido (Tempo de prova: 547,09 s; p = 0,006) e em classificações melhores (Resultado na prova: 15,91; p<0,002) que os atletas sem experiência (ASE). O teste de correlação de Pearson revelou associações positivas (p < 0,05) entre ansiedade de estado e resiliência (r = 0,322) entre atletas do sexo masculino; idade e resiliência em atletas do sexo feminino (r = 0,641); idade e resiliência entre ACE (r = 0,305) e ansiedade de estado e de traço para ACE (r = 0,336). Também foram identificadas, entre ASE, correlações negativas entre estado de fluxo e idade (r = -0,382) e ansiedade de estado e tempo de prova (r = -0,352). Conclusão: o estudo mostrou que a resiliência, a capacidade de mobilização da energia mental necessária ao desempenho e o atingimento de experiências de fluxo sofrem a influência de fatores demográficos, da quantidade de treinamento acumulado e do estado cognitivo-afetivo do atleta no momento de competir.
Open Water Swimming (OWS) consists of a sub-discipline of swimming in which athletes must swim long distances ranging from 2.5 km to 25 km in an uncontrolled environment. Evidence suggests that in sports disciplines, athletes capable of achieving an optimal mental state designated by flow state may have their performance optimized. Objective: To relate the flow state to sports performance, anxiety, and resilience in open water swimmers. Methods: The present study has a descriptive design with a cross-sectional cut. The sample consists of 77 athletes registered in the Flamengo Urca 2023 crossing. For data collection, the following instruments were used: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2). Results: The Student's t-test showed that experienced swimmers athletes (ESA) finished the race faster (Race time: 547.09 s; p = 0.006) and in better classifications (Race result: 15.91; p < 0.002) than inexperienced swimmers athletes (ISA). Pearson's correlation test revealed positive associations (p < 0.05) between state anxiety and resilience (r = 0.322) among male athletes; age and resilience in female athletes (r = 0.641); age and resilience among ESA (r = 0.305) and state and trait anxiety for ESA (r = 0.336). Negative correlations between flow state and age (r = -0.382) and state anxiety and race time (r = -0.352) were also identified among ISA. Conclusion: resilience, the ability to mobilize the mental energy necessary for performance and the achievement of flow experiences are influenced by demographic factors, the amount of accumulated training and the cognitive-affective state which athlete is at the time of competing.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i5.5609
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