IS THERE A POST ACTIVATION POTENTIATION EFFECT ON SUBMAXIMAL BENCH AND HEX-BAR DEADLIFT TESTS?
Abstract
Post Activation Potentiation (PAP) is an acute enhancement of muscle function following a conditioning activity of high intensity. The majority of research regarding PAP has focused on the effects on maximal intensity movements, such as a vertical jump. There is limited information regarding the effects of PAP with the intent of improving submaximal muscular endurance performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if a PAP warm-up (conditioning activity) would have a positive effect on the maximum number of repetitions one is able to successfully perform in the hex-bar deadlift (HDL) and barbell bench press (BP) at a submaximal intensity. It was hypothesized that the addition of a PAP conditioning activity to a dynamic warm up (DYN WU + PAP) would result in a greater number of repetitions performed compared to a DYN WU. Methods: Utilizing a repeated measures crossover design, eleven female NCAA track athletes participated in the six-session study. During the first session, participants were randomly separated into one of two groups and a 1-3 repetition maximum (1-3RM) for the deadlift (DL) was determined. During the second session, researchers determined the participant’s 1-3RM for the bench press (BP). During sessions three through six, participants performed either a DYN WU or DYN WU + PAP prior to performing three sets of maximal repetitions of either the DL or BP at 65% 1-RM. All participants performed all trials in random order. The total number repetitions at 65% 1-RM over the three sets was compared between conditions (DYN WU or DYN WU + PAP) with a dependent t-test for both the BP and DL. Results: DYN WU+ PAP did not appear to have a significant or practical effect on the number of repetitions able to be performed when compared to DYN WU for BP (47.9±4.8 vs. 47.9±5.0) or DL (61.8±11.0 vs. 64.5±13.5), respectively. Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, a DYN WU + PAP provided no improvement in submaximal performance in the BP or DL.
Keywords
References
Ah Sue, R., Adams, K.J., & DeBeliso, M. (2016). Optimal timing for post-activation potentiation in women collegiate volleyball players. Sports, 4(27), 1-9.
Arabatzi, F., Patikas, D., Zafeiridis, A., Giavroudis, K., Kannas, T., Gourgoulis, V., & Kotzamanidis, C.M. (2014). The post-activation potentiation effect on squat jump performance: Age and sex effect. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(2), 187-194.
Arias, J.C., Coburn, J.W., Brown, L.E., & Galpin, A.J. (2016). The acute effects of heavy deadlifts on vertical jump performance in men. Sports, 4(22), 1-8.
Baechle, T.R., & Earle, R.W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Chatzopoulos, D.E., Michailidis, C.J., Giannakos, A.K., Alexiou, K.C., Patikas, D.A., Antonopoulos, C.B., & Kotzamanidis, C.M. (2007). Postactivation potentiation effects after heavy resistance exercise on running speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1278-1281.
Crewther, B.T., Heke, T.L., & Keogh, J.W. (2013). The effects of resistance-training program on strength, body composition and baseline hormones in male athletes training concurrently for rugby union 7’s. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 53(1), 34-41.
Crewther, B.T., Kilduff, L.P., Cook, C.J., Middleton, M.K., Bunce, P.J., & Yang, G.Z. (2011). The acute potentiating effects of back squats on athlete performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3319-3325.
Docherty, D., & Hodgson, M.J. (2007). The application of postactivation potentiation to elite sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2(4), 439-444.
Dohoney, P., Chromiak, J.A., Lemire, D., Abadie, B.R., & Kovacs, C. (2002). Prediction of one repetition maximum (1-RM) strength from a 4-6 RM and a 7-10 RM submaximal strength test in healthy young adult males. Journal or Exercise Physiology, 5(3), 54-59.
Drinkwater, E.J., Lawton, T.W., Lindsell, R.P., Pyne, D.B., Hunt, P.H., & McKenna, M.J. (2005). Training leading to repetition failure enhances bench press strength gains in elite junior athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 382-388).
Evetovich, T.K., Conley, D.S., & McCawley, P.F. (2015). Postactivation potentiation enhances upper- and lower- body athletic performance in collegiate male and female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 336-342.
Ferreira, S.L., Panissa, V.L., Miarka, B., & Franchini, E. (2012). Postactivation potentiation: Effect of various recovery intervals on bench press power performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(3), 739-744.
Golas, A., Maszczyk, A., Zajac, A., Mikolajec, K., & Stastny, P. (2016). Optimizing post activation potentiation for explosive activities in competitive sports. Journal of Human Kinetics, 52, 95-106.
Gouvea, A.L., Fernandes, I.A., Cesar, E.P., Silva, W.A., & Gomes, P.S. (2013). The effects of rest intervals on jumping performance: A meta-analysis on post-activation potentiation studies. Journal of Sport Sciences, 31(5), 459-467.
Hamilton, C.D., Berning, J.M., Sevene, T.G., Adams, K.J., & DeBeliso, M. (2016). The effects of post activation potentiation on the hang power clean. Journal of Physical Education Research, 3(1), 1-9.
Harrison, A. (2011). Postactivation potentiation: Predictors in NCAA Division II varsity track and field power athletes (Unpublished thesis). Western Washington University, Western Cedar, WA.
Hoffman, J. (2006). Norms for fitness, performance, and health. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, USA. Chapter 3 page 37.
Jensen, R.L., & Ebben, W.P. (2003). Kinetic analysis of complex training rest interval effect on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(2), 345-349.
Kilduff, L.P., Bevan, H.R., Kingsley, M.I., Owen, N.J., Bennett, M.A., Bunce, P.J., Hore, A.M., Maw, J.R., & Cunningham, D.J. (2007). Postactivation potentiation in professional rugby players: Optimal recovery. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1134-1138.
Kopp, K., & DeBeliso, M. (2017). Post-activation potentiation of a back squat to Romanian deadlift superset on vertical jump and sprint time. International Journal of Sports Science, 7(2), 36-44.
Kreher, J.B., & Schwartz, J.B. (2012). Overtraining syndrome. Sports Health, 4(2), 128-138.
Mangine, G.T., Hoffman, J.R., Gonzalez, A.M., Townsend, J.R., Wells, A.J., Jajtner, A.R., Beyer, K.S., Boone, C.H., Miramonti, A.A., Wang, R.; LaMonica, M.B., Fukuda, D.H., Ratamess, N.A., & Stout, J.R. (2015). The effect of training volume and intensity on improvements in muscular strength and size in resistance-trained men. Physiological Reports, 3(8).
McCann, M.R., & Flanagan, S.P. (2010). The effects of exercise selection and rest interval on postactiviation potentiation of vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1285-1291.
Mitchell, C.J., & Sale, D.G. (2011). Enhancement of jump performance after a 5-RM squat is associated with postactivation potentiation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(8), 1957-1963.
Nayak, B.K. (2010). Understanding the relevance of sample size calculation. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 58(6), 469-470.
NSCA (2016). NSCA Hot Topic: Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP). https://www.nsca.com/Education/Articles/Hot-Topic-Post-Activation-Potentiation-%28PAP%29/
Rixon, K.P., Lamont, H.S., & Bemben, M.G. (2007). Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender, and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 500-505.
Scott, D.J., Ditroilo, M., & Marshall, P. (2016). Complex training: The effect of exercise selection and training status on post-activation potentiation in rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ahead of Print.
Seitz, L.B., & Haff, G.G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(2), 231-240.
Seitz, L.B., Mina, M.A., & Haff, G.G. (2016). Post-activation potentiation of horizontal jump performance across multiple sets of a contrast protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Advance online publication.
Seo, D.I., Kim, E., Fahs, C.A., Rossow, L., Young, K., Ferguson, S.L., ... & Lee, M.K. (2012). Reliability of the one-repetition maximum test based on muscle group and gender. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11(2), 221-5.
Springall, B., Larson, A., & DeBeliso, M. (2016). The effects of a heavy resistance warm-up on sprint speed: A post activation potentiation study. Journal of Physical Education Research, 3(3), 52-65.
StrengthLevel.Com (2017). Deadlift standards. http://strengthlevel.com/strength-standards/deadlift/kg#standardsMale. Downloaded 4.20.2017
Swinton, P.A., Agouris, S.A., Keogh, J.W., & Lloyd, R. (2011). A biomechanical analysis of straight and hexagonal barbell deadlifts using submaximal loads. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 2000-2009.
Sygulla, K.S., & Fountaine, C.J. (2014). Acute post-activation potentiation effects in NCAA Division II female athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(3), 212-219.
Tano, G., Bishop, A., Berning, J., Adams, K.J., & DeBeliso, M. (2016). Post activation potentiation in North American high school football players. Journal of Sports Science, 4, 346-352.
Till, K.A., & Cooke, C. (2009). The effects of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance of male academy soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1960- 1967.
Tillin, N.A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39(2), 147-166.
Weber, K.R., Brown, L.E., Coburn, J.W., & Zinder, S.M. (2008). Acute effects of heavy load squats on consecutive squat jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 726- 730.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.731
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 D. Tripoli, A. Larson, M. DeBeliso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
