TRANSLATING THE OPENING AND CLOSING FORMULAE OF MOROCCAN FOLKTALES INTO ENGLISH
Abstract
When storytellers tell a folktale, they usually initiate their performance with opening lines to catch their audience’s attention and mark the end of the folktale by other rhythmic lines this time to hint the end to their listeners. Similar to folktales, the opening and closing formulae are dynamic. Their dynamicity is controlled by the audience and their cultural background. The present article investigates the translation of the opening and closing formulae of Moroccan folktales translated by Moroccan and non-Moroccan translators. Therefore, the article will be devoted to informing the translation strategies applied when it comes to rendering the opening and closing formulae. This is going to be implemented through the analysis of folktales translated by Richard Hamilton which are “The King and His Prime Minister” and “The Girl from Fez”, and folktales translated by Malika El Ouali Alami “Beautiful Almond”, and ‘The Merchant’s Daughter”. The findings prove that the different translation methods adopted by Hamilton involve omitting these formulae to be replaced by titles to catch readers’ attention while Alami tries to switch between the two methods, i.e. (a) translating these formulae and getting target readers closer to the source culture, and (b) replacing the opening formulae with the ones familiar to the western readers.
عندما يروي الحكواتيون حكاية شعبية، فإنهم يستفتحون أداءهم بالصيغ التقديمية لجذب انتباه الجمهور. وللإشارة إلى نهاية القصة يختتم الحكواتيون الأداء بعبارات اختتامية إيقاعية. على غرار الحكايات نفسها، فإن الصيغ الافتتاحية والختامية للحكايات الشعبية متغيرة ومتجددة حيث تتماشى مع الجمهور وخلفيته الثقافية. يتناول هذا المقال دراسة تقنيات الترجمة المستعملة لنقل الصيغ الإفتتاحية والختامية للحكايات الشعبية المغربية من قبل مترجمين مغاربة وأجانب إلى اللغة الإنجليزية وذلك من خلال تحليل ترجمة ريتشارد هاملتون للحكايتين"الملك والوزير" و"فتاة فاس" وكذلك ترجمة مليكة الوالي علمي للحكايتين "اللوزه البهية" و" لاله عيشه بنت التاجر". خلصت نتائج البحث إلى أن مختلف تقنيات الترجمة المعتمدة من طرف هاملتون تقوم على حذف هذه المقدمات والخواتم ليستبدلها بالعناوين من أجل جذب انتباه القارئ في حين تحاول علمي إلى المزج بين الطريقتين (أ) ترجمه هذه المقدمات لتقريب القارئ المستقبل من الثقافة الأصل، (ب) استبدال المقدمات بتلك التي يعتادها القراء الغربيين.
Lorsque les conteurs racontent un conte populaire, ils commencent généralement leur performance par des lignes d'ouverture pour attirer l'attention de leur public et marquent la fin du conte populaire par d'autres lignes rythmiques, cette fois pour suggérer la fin à leurs auditeurs. Semblables aux contes populaires, les formules d’ouverture et de clôture sont dynamiques. Leur dynamisme est contrôlé́ par le public et son origine culturelle. Le présent article étudie la traduction des formules d’ouverture et de clôture des contes populaires marocains traduits par des traducteurs marocains et non marocains. Par conséquent, l'article sera consacré à informer sur les stratégies de traduction appliquées lorsqu'il s'agit de rendre les formules d'ouverture et de fermeture. Cela va être mis en œuvre à travers l’analyse des contes populaires traduits par Richard Hamilton qui sont « Le roi et son premier ministre » et « La Fille de Fès », et des contes populaires traduits par Malika El Ouali Alami « Belle Amande » et « La Fille du Marchand ». Les résultats prouvent que les différentes méthodes de traduction adoptées par Hamilton impliquent d’omettre ces formules pour les remplacer par des titres afin d’attirer l’attention des lecteurs, tandis qu’Alami tente de basculer entre les deux méthodes, c’est-à-dire (a) traduire ces formules et rapprocher les lecteurs ciblés de la culture source, et (b) remplacer les formules d’ouverture par celles familières aux lecteurs occidentaux.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejmts.v5i1.585
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