COOPETIÇÃO APLICADA A PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA / COOPETITION APPLIED TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Assiste-se a um crescente interesse na academia por investigação sobre coopetição, um conceito que descreve uma situação particular na qual empresas que simultaneamente competem também cooperam. O interesse acadêmico por este tema aparenta derivar da natureza paradoxal do conceito que integra duas lógicas contraditórias e do facto de a coopetição se ter tornado parte integrante da estratégia de várias empresas de referência a nível internacional. Apesar do interesse contemporâneo pelo tema, que justificou uma série de revisões de literatura, deteta-se ainda uma escassez de investigação de síntese focada no caso específico das pequenas e médias empresas. Este estudo consiste numa revisão narrativa da literatura, precedida por uma análise bibliométrica, que explora as razões potenciais que podem levar as pequenas e médias empresas a coopetir. A revisão efetuada confirma o potencial da coopetição como estratégia para lidar com alguns dos desafios enfrentados pelas pequenas e médias empresas, nomeadamente a sua imaturidade e as fragilidades que resultam da escassez de recursos. Contudo, a revisão indica que estas empresas enfrentam riscos significativos ao adotar este tipo de estratégia e que decorrem da possibilidade oportunismo pelos parceiros, fuga de conhecimento e segredos do negócio e apropriação da maior proporção do valor criado pelos parceiros.
There is an increasing attention in the academy for investigation about coopetition, a concept that describes a situation in which companies simultaneously engage in cooperation and competition. The interest in the topic appears to be related with the paradoxical nature of the concept, that integrates two opposite logics, and the fact that coopetition has become part of the strategy of various leading multinational companies. Despite the contemporary appeal of the topic, that justified several review studies, there is still a shortage of research focused on the particular case of coopetition involving small and medium size companies. This study consists in a narrative literature review coupled with bibliometric analysis that explores the potential reasons that lead small and medium size companies to coopete. The results of the study confirm the suitability of coopetition as a strategy to deal with some of the challenges faces by small and medium size companies, including the lack of experience and shortage of resources. However, the literature indicates that these companies face significant risks when adopting coopetition that drive from the possibility of opportunistic behaviors from coopetition partners, knowledge and business secrets leakage and unbalanced value appropriation from partners.
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