EFFECT OF RISK EVALUATION PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Joseph Mberia, Mongare Omare, Ezra Ronoh

Abstract


This study investigated the effect of risk evaluation practices on the performance of construction firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined the impact of risk assessment likelihood, impact evaluation, risk prioritization, quantitative evaluation methods, and regular risk reviews on firm performance. The research employed a descriptive research design with a sample size of 222 construction industry professionals, determined using the Taro Yamane formula. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a moderate positive correlation between risk evaluation practices and construction firm performance, with risk evaluation practices explaining 15.2% of the variance in firm performance (β = 0.152, p = 0.050). The study found that aspects such as impact evaluation, risk prioritization, and regular reviews significantly contribute to firm performance. However, the research highlighted areas of concern, particularly in the adoption of quantitative evaluation methods. The study concludes that implementing comprehensive risk evaluation policies can significantly enhance firm performance among construction companies. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on risk management and firm performance in the construction industries, particularly in the Kenyan context.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


risk evaluation, construction firm performance, risk assessment, construction industry, Nairobi County

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adinyira, E., Agyekum, K., Danku, J. C., Addison, P., & Kukah, A. S. (2020). Effect of subcontractor risk management on quality performance of building construction projects in Ghana. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 25(2), 175-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2020.25.2.7

Aghazadeh, H., Abadi, E. B. J., & Zandi, F. (2022). Branding advantage of agri-food companies in competitive export markets: A resource-based theory. British Food Journal, 124(7), 2039-2060. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2021-0952

Ankamah-Yeboah, I., Nielsen, R., & Llorente, I. (2021). Capital structure and firm performance: Agency theory application to Mediterranean aquaculture firms. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 25(4), 367-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2021.1976884

Anggoro, H. D., & Yulianto, A. (2019). Agency theory: Ownership structure and capital structure as determinants of dividend policy. Management Analysis Journal, 8(4), 379-387. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/maj/article/view/34313

Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. Retrieved from https://josephmahoney.web.illinois.edu/BA545_Fall%202022/Barney%20(1991).pdf

Bonareri, T. O. (2024). Construction project risk management in developing economies: Evidence from East Africa. African Journal of Construction Management, 15(3), 45-62.

Ahmed, V., Opoku, A., & Aziz, Z. (2016). Research methodology in the built environment: A selection of case studies. CRC Press. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Research-Methodology-in-the-Built-Environment-A-Selection-of-Case-Studies/Ahmed-Opoku-Aziz/p/book/9781138849471?srsltid=AfmBOopDK7gCKfbYrbIoIAZxDV9XdkHU6a13bftOTVPl7RE7a6d340Zo

Al-Bahar, J. F., & Crandall, K. C. (2010). Systematic risk management approach for construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 116(3), 533-546. Retrieved from https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9364%281990%29116%3A3%28533%29

Algremazy, N. A., Ideris, Z., Alferjany, M. A., & Akram, A. (2023). The effect of risk management practices on project performance: A case study of the Libyan construction industry. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1420

Amoo, M. E., Rambo, C. M., & Mbugua, J. M. (2023). Credit risk management practices and performance of real estate construction housing projects in Kenya: A case of real estate construction housing projects in Busia County. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 8(2), 29-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.1468

Anggraini, D., Hatmoko, J. U. D., & Handajani, M. (2019). Quantifying delay risk potential of road projects during the construction phase: A case study. MATEC Web of Conferences, 280(05009), 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2019/29/matecconf_icsbe2019_05009.pdf

Antonio, P., & Gattermann Perin, M. (2020). The international marketing and the resource-based theory: An analysis of the theory contribution to the international marketing field. Revista Eletrônica de Estratégia & Negócios, 12(2), 142-156. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/reen.v12e22019142-170

Awuni, M. A. (2019). Risk assessment at the design phase of construction projects in Ghana. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 7(2), 39-58. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/jbcpr.2019.72004

Badin, P., & Hamid, H. (2022). Risk management theory and model in teacher characters building course: A literature review. ANP Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 3(1), 10-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53797/anp.jssh.v3i1.2.2022

Baghdadi, A., & Kishk, M. (2015). Saudi Arabian aviation construction projects: Identification of risks and their consequences. Procedia Engineering, 123, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.10.054

Balwan, A. K., Balwan, W. K., & Saba, N. (2022). Glance of research methodology for researchers: A logical assessment. Scholars Bulletin, 8(3), 95-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i03.004

Banaitiene, N., & Banaitis, A. (2012). Risk management in construction projects. In Risk management-current issues and challenges (pp. 429-448). InTech. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51460

Brustbauer, J. (2016). Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 70-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242614542853

Bu Qammaz, A. S., & AlMaian, R. Y. (2020). A critical success factors model for the effective implementation of the risk management process in construction projects. Journal of Engineering Research (Kuwait), 8(3), 50-70. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.v8i3.7877

Camarinha-Matos, L. M. (2019). Introduction to research methodology in electrical engineering. Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia.

Carvalho, M. M., & Rabechini Jr, R. (2015). Impact of risk management on project performance: The importance of soft skills. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.919423

Chen, S., & Ji, Y. (2022). Do corporate social responsibility categories distinctly affect innovation? A resource-based theory perspective. Sustainability, 14(6), 3154-3179. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063154

Chileshe, N., & Kikwasi, G. J. (2014). Critical success factors for the implementation of risk assessment and management practices within the Tanzanian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(3), 291-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2013-0001

Chinelo I. (2016). Fundamentals of research methodology and data collection. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303381524_Fundamentals_of_research_methodology_and_data_collection

Choudhry, R. M., & Iqbal, K. (2013). Identification of risk management systems in the construction industry in Pakistan. Journal of Management in Engineering, 29(1), 42-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000122.

Ciuri, S. (2023). Inside Kenya's land buying con games. Daily Nation. Retrieved from https://nation.africa/kenya/news/kenya-s-land-buying-con-games

Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge. Retrieved from https://eli.johogo.com/Class/CCU/SEM/_Applied%20Multiple%20Regression-Correlation%20Analysis%20for%20the%20Behavioral%20Sciences_Cohen.pdf

de Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., & Wortmann, H. (2010). Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 493-503. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.07.002

de Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., & Wortmann, H. (2012). Risk management affecting IS/IT project success through communicative action. Project Management Journal, 43(4), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20242

de Carvalho, M. M., & Rabechini Junior, R. (2015). Impact of risk management on project performance: The importance of soft skills. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.919423

Enyioko, N. (2020). Effectiveness of risk monitoring: The project life cycle of a construction project in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GRIN Verlag. Retrieved from https://www.grin.com/document/537306?srsltid=AfmBOopp1FsA_aPFxhthTrjhuNnhiLUnbLe7w8Uk2n7WaPL2G60cyvT8

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Retrieved from http://repo.darmajaya.ac.id/5678/1/Discovering%20Statistics%20Using%20IBM%20SPSS%20Statistics%20(%20PDFDrive%20).pdf

Field, A. (2023). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Frigo, M. L., & Anderson, R. J. (2014). Strategic risk management: A foundation for improving enterprise risk management and governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 25(3), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20677

Gama, A. P. M., & Alves, C. A. (2021). Research methodology in accounting, finance, sustainability, governance and fraud. Springer. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-33-4846-2_5

Gathii, K. J., Wamukuru, D. K., Karanja, D., Muriithi, W., & Maina, K. (2019). Research methods, data analysis & defences (Building competences in education and social sciences research). Education and Social Sciences Research Association of Kenya (ESSRAK). Retrieved from http://koha.kabarak.ac.ke:8181/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=18355&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=37641

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/SPSS_for_Windows_Step_by_Step.html?id=AghHAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y

Giedre, V. O., Sliogeriene, J., Valunaite Oleskeviciene, G., & Sliogeriene, J. (2020). Research methodology. Numanities - Arts and Humanities in Progress, 13(1), 39-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37727-4_2

Ha, L. H., Hung, L., & Trung, L. Q. (2018). A risk assessment framework for construction projects using an artificial neural network. Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE, 12(5), 51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(5)-06

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. Retrieved from https://eli.johogo.com/Class/CCU/SEM/_Multivariate%20Data%20Analysis_Hair.pdf

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2021). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hashmi, S. A. (2020). Risk management theory versus practice: A report on United Bank Limited corporate banking group [Unpublished thesis]. Institute of Business Administration Karachi, Pakistan.

Henrik, N., & Amna, A. (2022). Sustainable competitive advantage: The impact of sustainable resources on businesses-an analysis of resource-based theory [Unpublished thesis]. Halmstad University. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1672759&dswid=-2002

Hwang, B. G., Zhao, X., & Toh, L. P. (2014). Risk management in small construction projects in Singapore: Status, barriers and impact. International Journal of Project Management, 32(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.01.007

Hwang, B. G., Zhao, X., & Yang, K. W. (2015). Effect of BIM maturity on construction project performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(4), 424-445.

Iqbal, S., Choudhry, R. M., Holschemacher, K., Ali, A., & Tamošaitienė, J. (2015). Risk management in construction projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(1), 65-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2014.994582

Issa, U. H., Mosaad, S. A. A., & Hassan, M. S. (2020). Evaluation and selection of construction projects based on risk analysis. Structures, 27, 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.049

Jiang, W., Martek, I., Hosseini, M. R., & Chen, C. (2019). Political risk management of foreign direct investment in infrastructure projects: Bibliometric-qualitative analyses of research in developing countries. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 28(1), 125-153. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2019-0270

Kankaew, K., & Pongsapak, T. (2020). Contingency theory: The analysis in air transportation before, during, and after the pandemic in Thailand. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 918, 1-5. Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/918/1/012047

Keshk, A. M., Maarouf, I., & Annany, Y. (2018). Special studies in management of construction project risks, risk concept, plan building, risk quantitative and qualitative analysis, risk response strategies. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(4), 3179-3187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.12.003

Khameneh, A. H., Taheri, A., & Ershadi, M. (2016). Offering a framework for evaluating the performance of project risk management system. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226, 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.165

Kibunja, P., & Mbiti, T. (2018). Factors affecting performance of construction firms in Kenya: A case of Nairobi County. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(2), 148-171.

Kielmann, K., Cataldo, F., & Seeley, J. (2012). Introduction to qualitative research methodology: A training manual. Retrieved from https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/18047/Introduction%20to%20Qualitative%20Research%20Methodology%20-%20A%20Training%20Manual.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Kishk, M., & Ukaga, C. (2018). The impact of effective risk management on project success in the Nigerian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(6), 545-563. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266065458_The_impact_of_effective_risk_management_on_project_success

Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty, and profit. Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved from https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/books/risk/riskuncertaintyprofit.pdf

Kumar, K. S., & Narayanan, R. M. (2021). Review on construction risk and development of risk management procedural index–A case study from Chennai construction sector. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 1141-1146. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.606

Kuo, Y. C., & Lu, S. T. (2013). Using fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making approach to enhance risk assessment for metropolitan construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 31(4), 602-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.003

Kutsch, E., & Hall, M. (2010). Deliberate ignorance in project risk management. International Journal of Project Management, 28(3), 245-255. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.05.003

Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. (1967). Organization and environment: Managing differentiation and integration. Harvard Business School Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391270

Lee, C., & Lee, J. C. (2015). Handbook of financial econometrics and statistics. Springer. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-4614-7750-1

Li, B., & Zou, P. X. (2012). Identification of key factors affecting Chinese construction companies' international market entry decisions. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(5), 532-547.

Liu, J., & Zhang, S. (2017). The impacts of soft project management on construction project success. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(3), 447-462.

Liu, J., Zhao, X., & Yan, P. (2015). Risk paths in international construction projects: Case study from Chinese contractors. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(6). Retrieved from https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CO.1943-7862.0001116

Lundqvist, S. A. (2014). An exploratory study of enterprise risk management: Pillars of ERM. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 29(3), 393-429. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558X14535780

Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382-385. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3640358/

Machado, C., & Davim, J. P. (2020). Research methodology in management and industrial engineering. Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-40896-1

Maina, K. (2021). A guide to linear regression analysis in thesis writing for social sciences (1st ed.). African Online School of Applied Research Skills. Retrieved from https://aosars.com/product/a-guide-to-linear-regression-analysis-in-thesis-writing-for-social-sciences/

Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2975974

Minhui, Z. (2019). Innovation of risk management theory: from enterprise risk management to resilient risk management. Scientific Decision Making, 9, 1-24.

Mostafiz, M. I., Sambasivan, M., & Goh, S. K. (2022). Impacts of dynamic managerial capability and international opportunity identification on firm performance. Multinational Business Review, 30(4), 521-546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MBR-09-2018-0061

Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods: Qualitative, quantitative & mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Africa Centre for Transformative and Inclusive Leadership (ACTIL). Retrieved from https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_609332/objava_105202/fajlovi/Creswell.pdf

Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2019). Research methods: Qualitative, quantitative & mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). ACTS Press.

Nabawy, M., Ofori, G., Morcos, M., & Egbu, C. (2021). Risk identification framework in the construction of Egyptian mega housing projects. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(2), 2047-2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.09.016

Obondi, K. C. (2020). The relationship between project risk monitoring, control practices, and project success in construction projects [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/1b5c230077edf74b6ef0fb3178b3cd0e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Odimabo, O. O., & Oduoza, C. F. (2013). Risk assessment framework for building construction projects in developing countries. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2(5), 143-154. Retrieved from http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijcem.20130205.02.html

Olechowski, A., Oehmen, J., Seering, W., & Ben-Daya, M. (2016). The professionalization of risk management: What role can the ISO 31000 risk management principles play? International Journal of Project Management, 34(8), 1568-1578. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.08.002

Osipova, E., & Eriksson, P. E. (2013). Balancing control and flexibility in joint risk management: Lessons learned from two construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 391-399. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.09.007

Pagadala, S. D. (2018). Research methodology: A handbook for beginners. Notion Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Research_Methodology.html?id=IW4zDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117452

Pandey, P., & Pandey, M. M. (2021). Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge Center. Retrieved from https://www.euacademic.org/BookUpload/9.pdf

Pinto, J. K. (2014). Project management, governance, and the normalization of deviance. International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), 376-387. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.06.004

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147

Qazi, A., Quigley, J., Dickson, A., & Ekici, Ş. Ö. (2016). Exploring dependency-based probabilistic supply chain risk measures for prioritising interdependent risks and strategies. European Journal of Operational Research, 259(1), 189-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.10.023

Ranjit, K. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. SAGE. Retrieved from https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/research-methodology/book257990

Razi, P. Z., Ali, M. I., & Ramli, N. I. (2021). Exploring risks associated to public road infrastructure construction projects. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 682(1), 1-8. Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/682/1/012030/pdf

Saha, I., & Paul, B. (2020). Essentials of biostatistics & research methodology. Academic Publishers. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/ESSENTIALS_OF_BIOSTATISTICS_RESEARCH_MET.html?id=QUgEEAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Sax, J., & Andersen, T. J. (2019). Making risk management strategic: Integrating enterprise risk management with strategic planning. European Management Review, 16(3), 719-740. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12185

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://9afi.com/storage/daftar/onTXVlzEDQNtC4khg3Yklhj0g5V5wyFsQqNDZOpL.pdf

Serpella, A. F., Ferrada, X., Howard, R., & Rubio, L. (2014). Risk management in construction projects: A knowledge-based approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.073

Sharma, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2019). Risk identification and management in construction projects: Literature review. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(6), 224-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.20002-6

Siraj, N. B., & Fayek, A. R. (2019). Risk identification and common risks in construction: Literature review and content analysis. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(9). Retrieved from https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CO.1943-7862.0001685

Soh, J., Jeong, J., Jeong, J., & Lee, J. (2023). Quantitative risk evaluation by building type based on the probability and cost of accidents. Buildings, 13(2), 1-19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020327

Stigum, B. P. (2016). Econometrics and the philosophy of economics. Princeton University Press. Retrieved from https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691113005/econometrics-and-the-philosophy-of-economics?srsltid=AfmBOop-vagdUqJXyadsD8fciIMBRKsc61tilMQFju_UofpLwX71PNWc

Szymański, P. (2017). Risk management in construction projects. Procedia Engineering, 208, 174-182. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.036

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson. Retrieved from https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/using-multivariate-statistics/P200000003097/9780137526543?srsltid=AfmBOootbDSCDBydTE6z9kiQRVzq8qnTqbgINmFcJvfS6_AVR6C9ERUB

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2022). Using multivariate statistics (8th ed.). Pearson.

Taherdoost, H. (2017). Sampling methods in research methodology: How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5(2), 18-27. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3205035

Taroun, A. (2014). Towards a better modelling and assessment of construction risk: Insights from a literature review. International Journal of Project Management, 32(1), 101-115. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.03.004

Tewari, M., & Ramanlal, P. (2022). Risk management and agency theory: Role of the put option in corporate bonds. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(61), 1-28. Retrieved from https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_proquest_journals_2632812210&context=PC&vid=01VAN_INST:vanui〈=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=null,,Issued%20May%201977.,AND&mode=advanced&offset=0

Tsouroufli, M., Rédai, D., & Guerrini, V. (2021). Research methodology in Palgrave studies in gender and education. Palgrave Macmillan.

Tummala, V. M. R., Leung, Y. H., Mok, C. K., Burchett, J. F., & Leung, Y. M. (2011). Practices, barriers and benefits of using risk management approaches in selected Hong Kong industries. International Journal of Project Management, 15(5), 297-312. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(96)00082-8

Ugwu, M. C., Osunsanmi, T. O., & Aigbavboa, C. O. (2019). Evaluation of risk management practice in the Nigerian construction industry. Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings, 2018, 373-380. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mocs116

Wang, S. Q., Dulaimi, M. F., & Aguria, M. Y. (2016). Risk management framework for construction projects in developing countries. Construction Management and Economics, 22(3), 237-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000124689

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. Retrieved from https://web.mit.edu/bwerner/www/papers/AResource-BasedViewoftheFirm.pdf

Wong, J. M. W. (2019). Application of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making in construction management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(9), 2011-2031.

Woodward, J. (1965). Industrial organization: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/2229326

Yildiz, A. E., Dikmen, I., & Birgonul, M. T. (2014). Using system dynamics for strategic performance management in construction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 30(2), 162-171. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000744

Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., & Low, S. P. (2014). Enterprise risk management implementation in construction firms: An organizational change perspective. Management Decision, 52(5), 814-833. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2014-0082

Zhong, D., & Liu, M. (2018). Technology solutions for enhancing construction project management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(2), 04017111.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v10i1.1995

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Mberia, Mongare Omare, Ezra Ronoh

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.

Copyright © 2017-2026. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies (ISSN 2501 - 9988) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing GroupAll rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and  Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.