MANAGER’S LEADERSHIP STYLES AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY RANK AND FILE EMPLOYEES

Jacque Lou S. Ricablanca, Ferdinand T. Abocejo

Abstract


In company management, several leadership styles are inherent and utilised by a manager or a leader. This study assessed the leadership styles of a manufacturing company manager and how the styles of leadership influence rank and file employees’ performance. In particular, it evaluated the manager’s leadership styles as affirmed by the rank and file employees, and how these leadership styles influence the performance of said employees from the viewpoint of work quality, work quantity, job innovativeness, customer service and team spirit. The study was carried out through a descriptive survey research design utilising a standardised survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that the branch Manager highly utilised transactional and transformational leadership styles in managing the manufacturing company. The Laissez-faire leadership style was only moderately utilised while the autocratic leadership was the least utilised style also at the moderate level. These utilised leadership styles manifested strong influence on the performance and productivity of rank and file employees of the manufacturing company under study. Accordingly, the employees exhibited outstanding performance towards the delivery of their works. It is concluded that managing the human capital of any company elicits full utilisation of good leadership styles supportive to the attainment of the company’s set goals and objectives and employees’ desired outputs and productivity. The company under study should continuously utilise and sustain the use of transactional and transformational leadership styles to keep employees’ productive performance, although there is always room for improvement. Other related studies may be pursued considering other variables or attributes of leadership styles not covered in this study.

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


leadership styles, job performance, productivity, rank and file employees

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abocejo, F. T., Pañares, Z. A., Dotillos, L. T., Diones, L.L., & Belciña, S. A. (2012). Microfinance program on cooperatives: Realities, benefits and women’s participation. CNU Journal of Higher Education. Special Issue on Poverty Alleviation. 6(1), 25-39. Retrieved from http://jhe.cnu.edu.ph/index.php/cnujhe/ article/view/119

Abocejo, F. T. (2015a). The veracity of vote buying: Perspective of the Philippine electoral system. International Journal on Graft and Corruption Research. 2(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.7719/ijgc.v2i1.301

Abocejo, F. T. (2015b). Tourism competitiveness of Cebu in central Philippines: Status, challenges and sustainability. 91-112. Taiwan-Philippines Cultural Dialogue IV (Book form). College of Liberal Arts, Aletheia University, Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301284089_Tourism_Competitiveness_of_Cebu_in_Central_Philippines_Status_Challenges_and_Sustainability

Abocejo, F. T. (2017). The impact of international monetary fund (IMF) structural adjustment program policies (SAPs) on the Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal. 2(1), 19-28. Retrieved from https://rmrj.usjr.edu.ph/index.php/ RMRJ/article/view/48

Al-Khasawneh, A. L. and S. M. Futa (2013). The impact of leadership styles used by the academic staff in the Jordanian public universities on modifying students’ behavior: A field study in the northern region of Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 1-10. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/ journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/20543

Alvarez, I. C. C., Ong, M. B., Abocejo, F. T. (2017). Learning needs and quality care among family caregivers and elderly patients of Guadalupe, Cebu City, Central Philippines. European Scientific Journal. 13(24), 356-376. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017. v13n 24p356

Andaya, J. A. G., & Abocejo, F. T. (2019). Implementation of the full disclosure policy (FDP) of Basay municipality, Negros Oriental, Philippines: Status, challenges and sustainability. International Journal of Development and Sustainability (IJDS). 8(7), 404-421. Retrieved from https://isdsnet.com/ijds-v8n7-02.pdf

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008

Armstrong, M. (2012). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. United Kingdom: Ashford Colour Press. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/ esj/article/download/5645/5471

Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W. C., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. 25(8), 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283

Bambale, A. J., Shamsudin F. M., & Subramaniam C. A. L. (2011). Stimulating organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) research for theory development: Exploration of leadership paradigms. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(3), 48-69. Retrieved from http://pu.edu.pk/images/ journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/10-v54_2_16.pdf

Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2012). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207-218. Retrieved from http://dr-hatfield.com/Download/ Leadership/apl882207.pdf

Bon, E. M. (2012). Role of employee empowerment in organization performance. Research Journal of Social Science & Management. Retrieved from http://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/ 200/1/ISSD2010_Economy_Management_p142-p146.pdf

Bono, J. & Judge, T. (2003). Self-concordance at work: toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 554-571. https://doi.org/10.5465/30040649

Chan, S. H. (2010). The influence of leadership expertise and experience on organizational performance: a study of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(1-2), 59–77. Retrieved from http://repository.out.ac.tz/1244/1/Celestine_ Anyango.pdf

Chandra, T., & Priyono, L. (2016). The influence of leadership styles, work environment and job satisfaction of employee performance. International Education Studies, 9(1), 131-140. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/ view/56002

Dalluay, V. S., & Jalagat, R. C. (2016). Impacts of leadership style effectiveness of managers and department heads to employees’ job satisfaction and performance on selected small-scale businesses in Cavite. Philippines. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB), 2(2), 734-751. Retrieved from http://globalbizresearch.org/files/5055_ijraob_van-s-dalluay_revenio-c-jalagat-399974.pdf

Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B., & Avolio, B. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition. 39-70. Bingley. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3571201 30000005008

Evangelio, J. V., & Abocejo, F. T. (2015). Political dynasty as perceived by residents of selected villages in Badian, Cebu City, Philippines. Countryside Development Research Journal. 3(1), 86-95. Retrieved from http://www.ssu.edu.ph/subdomains/ojs/index.php/CDRJ/ article/view/49

Eze, H. C. (2010). Leadership in organization. Journal of Nigerian Institute of Management, 46(1), 29-35. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/down load/5645/5471

Ferris, D. L., Lian, H., Brown, D. J., Pang, F. X. J., & Keeping, L. M. (2010). Self-esteem and job performance: The moderating role of self-esteem contingencies. Personnel Psychology, 63(3), 561–593. Retrieved from http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/ files/2012/12/Self-Esteem-and-Job-Performance_The-Moderating-Role-of-Self-Esteem-Contingencies.pdf

Franco, M. & Almeida, J. (2011). Organisational learning and leadership styles in healthcare organisations. Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, 32(8), 782-806. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cfe3/87436467b6669df884bd 86b78e4f1b496d95.pdf

Fu-Jin, W., Shieh, C., & Tang, M. (2011). Effect of leadership style on organizational performance as viewed from human resources management strategy. African Journal of Business Management, 4(18), 3924-3936. Retrieved from https://academic journals.org/journal/AJBM/article-full-text-pdf/0B1696A16102. pdf

Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Khan, M. A., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Transformational leadership, employee engagement and performance: Mediating effect of psychological ownership. African journal of business management, 5(17), 7391-7403. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.126

Germain, M. L. (2012). Traits and skills theories as the nexus between leadership and expertise: Reality or fallacy? Performance improvement, 51(5), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21265

Gordon, J. R. (2013). Autocratic leadership style. Retrieved from http://www.action-wheel.com/authocratic-leadershipstyle.html

Guang-Lu, D., Pu, L. & Yong, Z. (2012). Organizational justice as a moderator of relationship between the transformational leadership and organizational commitment. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(15), 116-122. Retrieved from http://www.ijhssnet.com/view.php?u=https://www.ijhssnet.com/ journals/Vol_2_No_15_August_2012/14.pdf

Harper, S. (2012). The leader coach: A model of multi-style leadership. Journal of Practical Consulting. 4(1), 22-31. Retrieved from http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/10-v54_2_16.pdf

Hassan, S., Mahsud, R., Yukl, G. and Prussia, G. (2013). Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(2), 133-146. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/5645/ 5471

Hurduzeu, R. E. (2015). The impact of leadership on organizational performance. SEA–Practical Application of Science, 3(07), 289-293. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semantic scholar.org/e1fe/cd929b60d8d5ff460c5e23cc2ecd9e0d8579.pdf

Inabangan, A. K. A., Garcia, L. L., & Abocejo, F. T. (2019). Evaluation of the Philippine expanded senior citizens Act (RA 9994) on mandated privileges for the elderly. European Academic Research. 6(10), 6112-6138. Retrieved from http://www.euacademic.org/UploadArticle/ 3859.pdf

Iqbal, N., Anwar, S., & Haider, N. (2015). Effect of leadership style on employee performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2223-5833.1000146

Jean, L. (2015). The leadership gap: How to fix what your organization lacks. Center for Creative Leadership. Retrieved from https://www.ccl.org/articles/white-papers/ leadership-gap-what-you-still-need/

Jeremy, M., Melinde, C., & Ciller V. (2012). Perceived leadership style and employee participation in a manufacturing company in the democratic republic of Congo. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), 5389-5398. Retrieved from https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380717948_Mitonga-Monga% 20et%20al.pdf

Kamisan P., & King, B. E. M. (2013). Transactional and transformational leadership: A comparitive study of the difference between Tony Fernandes (Airasia) and Idris Jala (Malaysia airlines) leadership styles from 2005-2009. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(24),107-116. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n24p107

Khan, S., Asghar, M. and Zaheer, A. (2014). Influence of leadership style on employee job satisfaction and firm financial performance: a study of banking sector in Islamabad, Pakistan. Actual Problems in Economics, 155, 374-384. Retrieved from http://trap.ncirl.ie/2277/1/adedamolafavour.pdf

Kopelman, R. E., Prottas, D. J., & Davis, A. L. (2008). Douglas McGregor's theory X and Y: Toward a construct-valid measure. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(2), 255-271. Retrieved from https://www.culturalhackers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ DouglasMcGregorsTheoryXandTheoryY.pdf

Lee, H., & Chuang, T. (2011). The impact of leadership on job stress and turnover intention: Taiwan insurance industry as an example. Retrieved from http://www.study mode.com/essays/the-impact=of=leadership-styles-on-723980.html

Lussier, R. N. (2011). Management fundamentals. 4th ed. Mason, OH: South Western, Cengage Learning.

Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational behavior, an evidence-based approach. 12th ed. New York, NY: Mc-Graw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from http://globalbizresearch.org/files/5055_ ijraob_van-s-dalluay_revenio-c-jalagat-399974.pdf

Malos, R. (2012). The most important leadership theories. Annals of Eftimie Murgu University Resita, Fascicle II, Economic Studies. Retrieved from http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/10-v54_2_16.pdf

Marmaya, N. H., Hitam, M., Muhamad Torsiman, N. & Balakrishnan, B. (2011). Employees’ perception of Malaysian managers’ leadership styles and organizational commitment. African Journal of Business Management, 5(5): 1584-1588. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.090

Mehmood, Z. U., & Arif, M. I. (2011). Leadership and HRM: Evaluating new leadership styles for effective human resource management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(15),236-238. Retrieved from http://repository.out.ac.tz/ 1244/1/Celestine_Anyango.pdf

Michael, A. G. (2010). Leadership style and organizational impact. Retrieved from http://www.ala.apa.org/newsletter

Mullins, L. J. (2013). Management and organisational behavior. 10th ed. s. l: Pearson Education. Retrieved from http://www.pearsoned.co.uk/media/OnlinePreview/ Mullins_9780273728610/assets/pdf/A01_MULL4087_09_SE_FM%20(3).pdf

Ng‘ethe, J. M., Namasonge, G. S., & Mike, A. I. (2012). Influence of leadership styles on academic staff retention in public universities in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(21), 297-302. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/5645/5471

Ngambi, H. C. (2011). RARE total leadership: Leading with the head, heart and hands. Juta and Company Ltd. South Africa.

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publication.

Nwokocha, I. (2014). Sustainable managerial strategies for employee retention in two private sector organizations in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. (PhD Dissertation, Ebonyi State University). Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/ download/5645/5471

Nwokocha, I., & Iheriohanma, E. B. J. (2015). Nexus between Leadership styles, employee retention and performance in organizations. European Scientific Journal, 11(13), 186-209, Retrieved from http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/ view/5645

Obiwuru, T. C., Okwu, A. T., Akpa, V. O., & Nwankwere, I. A. (2011). Effects of leadership style on organizational performance: A survey of selected small scale enterprises in Ikosi-Ketu council development area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(7), 100-111. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/5645/5471

Pamatong, A. R., & Abocejo, F. T. (2017). Airbus and Boeing manufacturing performance, income and earnings per share: A comparative analysis. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal. 2(1), 1-9. Retrieved from https://rmrj.usjr.edu.ph/index.php/ RMRJ/article/view/35

Pañares, J. L. A., & Abocejo, F. T. (2019). Evaluation of “Naga Akong Garbo” (NAGa) program: Status, challenges and successes. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies. 4(2), 172-189. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3269629

Prasetya, A. & Kato, M. (2011). The effect of financial and non- financial compensation to the employee performance. Paper presented at the 2nd International Research Symposium in service Management, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266605784_The_Effect_of_Financial_and_Non_Financial_Compensation_to_the_Employee_Performance

Rihal, C. S. (2017). The importance of leadership to organizational success. NEJM Catalyst, 3(6). https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/CAT.17.0301

Rodriguez, K. F. R., & Abocejo, F. T. (2018). Competence vis-à-vis performance of special education pre-service teachers. European Academic Research. 6(7), 3474-3498. Retrieved from http://www.euacademic.org/UploadArticle/3707.pdf

Rose, R., Kumar, N. & Pak, O. (2011). The effect of organisational learning on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work performance. Journal of Applies Business Research, 25(6), 55-66. Retrieved from https://www.cluteinsti tute.com/ojs/index.php/JABR/article/download/995/979

Sahaya, N. (2012). A learning organization as a mediator of leadership style and firms’ financial performance. International Journal of Business and Management. 7(14), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n14p96

Salman, Z., Riaz, A., Saifullah, M., and Rashid, M. (2011). Leadership styles and employee performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 3(6), 257-267. Retrieved from http://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb/2013/2633-2641.pdf

Sequiño, A. C., & Abocejo, F. T. (2019). The palm oil industry in the Philippines and Thailand: Challenges and opportunities. 34th International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA) Conference Proceedings, Madrid, Spain. pp. 13267-13279. ISBN: 978-0-9998551-3-3 Retrieved from https://sin.put.poznan.pl/publica tions/details/i25002. Cloud URL: https://api.pcloud.com/getpubzip?code=kZho7 c7ZJiI 8BTvzHtmmh15mcSOEAyKiHpPy

Shah, M., & Kamal, H. (2015). Transactional leadership and job performance: An empirical investigation. Institute of Business Administration, 2 (2), 69-81. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ibajmb/0017.html

Swarup, B. (2013). Leadership. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/ download/5645/5471

Tale, S. M. (2010). Leadership style and job satisfaction among nurses. Master thesis (University Utara Malaysia). Retrieved from http://etd.uum.edu.my/2674/

Udoh, B. E., & Agu, O. (2012). Impact of transformational and transactional leadership on employees’ performance. International Journal of Current Research, 4 (11), 142-147. Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16-issue9/ Version-6/A016960105.pdf

Ushie E. M., Agba, A. M., Ogaboh, A. M., Agba, M. S.., & Chime, J. (2010). Leadership style and employees’ intrinsic job satisfaction in the Cross River newspaper corporation, Calabar, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 5(1), 61-73. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/ download/5645/5471

Vivar, P. C. A., Salvador, P. P., & Abocejo, F. T. (2015). Village-Level Solid Waste Management in Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines. Countryside Development Research Journal. 3(1), 96-108. Retrieved from http://www.ssu.edu.ph/subdomains/ojs/ index.php/CDRJ/article/download/50/42

Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0088




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v5i4.908

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jacque Lou S. Ricablanca, Ferdinand T. Abocejo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.

Copyright © 2017-2023. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies (ISSN 2501 - 9988) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing GroupAll rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and  Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.