COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL FITNESS PARAMETERS AMONG 12 YEARS OLD RURAL AND URBAN CHILDREN

Kanwar Mandeep Singh

Abstract


Background: The environmental factors lead to changes in the physical fitness level among children. The objective of the present study was to compare the physical fitness parameters of the rural and urban children from Punjab.

Methods: Total 60 children (30 rural and 30 urban) 12 years old were selected to participate in the study. All the subjects were measured for various physical fitness parameters. The speed ability was measured with the help of 30 meter sprint (Flying Start). The endurance of the rural and urban children was assessed with the help of 800 meter run. Sit and reach test was used to assess the flexibility of the children. The standing broad jump and standing vertical jump were applied to measure the explosive strength. The grip strength was measured with the help of hand dynamometer. The medicine ball put was used to measure the strength of arms.

Results: The independent samples t-test revealed that the rural children were found to have significantly greater speed (p<0.05), standing broad jump (p<0.05), grip strength of both left (p<0.05) and right (p<0.05) hand than the urban children.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the rural children were better in some physical fitness parameters.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


physical fitness, rural, urban, children, strength

References


Al-Hazzaa H.M. 1990. Anthropometric measurements of Saudi boys aged 6-14 years. Annals of Homan Biology, 17(1):33-40.

Amusa L.O., Goon D.T., Amey A.K. and Toriola A.L. 2011. Health-related physical fitness among rural primary school children in Tshannda, South Africa. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(22):4665-4680.

Andrade S., Ochoa-Avilés A., Lachat C., Escobar P., Verstraeten R., John Van Camp J.V. et al. 2014. Physical fitness among urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents and its association with blood lipids: a cross sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 14:106-116.

Bilinski H., Semchuk K.M. and Chad, K. 2005. Understanding physical activity patterns of rural Canadian children. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 5(2):73-82.

Brunet M., Chaput J.P. and Tremblay A. 2007. The association between low physical fitness and high body mass index or waist circumference is increasing with age in children: the 'Québec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity (London), 31(4):637-643.

Buchheit M., Platat C., Oujaa M. and Simon C. 2007. Habitual physical activity, physical fitness and heart rate variability in preadolescents. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28:204-210.

Casajus J.A., Leiva M.T., Villarroya A., Legaz A. and Moreno L.A. 2007. Physical performance and school physical education in overweight Spanish children. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 51(3):288-926.

Chen J.L., Unnithan R.V., Kennedy C. and Yeh C.H. 2008. Correlates of physical fitness and activity in Taiwanese children. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(2):347-51.

Chillon P., Ortega F.B., Ferrando J.A. and Casajus J.A. 2011. Physical fitness in rural and urban children and adolescents from Spain. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4(5):417-23.

Das P., and Chatterjee P. 2013. Urban-rural contrasts in motor fitness components of youngster footballers in West Bengal. India J Hum Sport Exerc, 8(3):797-805.

Dencker M., Thorsson O., Karlsson M.K., Linden C., Svensson J., Wollmer P. and Andersen L.B. 2006. Daily physical activity and its relation to aerobic fitness in children aged 8-11 years. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports, 96:587-592.

Eisenmann J.C., Wickel E.E., Welk G.J. and Blair S.N. 2005. Relationship between adolescent fitness and fatness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adulthood: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). American Heart Journal, 149:146-153.

Eriksson J., Forsen T., Osmond C. and Barker D. 2003. Obesity from cradle to grave. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 27:722-727.

Gill M., Deol N.S. and Kaur R. 2010. Comparative study of physical fitness components of rural and urban female students of Punjabi University, Patiala. Anthropologist, 12(1):17-21.

Hian T.C., Mahmud Z.F., and Choong Y.C. 2013. Physical fitness level between urban and rural students-case study. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences 90:847-852.

Katzmarzyk P.T., Gagnon J., Leon A.S., Skinner J.S., Wilmore J.H., Rao D.C. and Bouchard C. 2001. Fitness, fatness and estimated coronary heart disease risk: the heritage family study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33:585-590.

Mazzuco M., Siqueira A., and Giana S. 2006. Differences in anthropometrical and fitness variables among male students from Brazilian urban and rural schools. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5):S214-S215.

McMurray R.G., Harrell J.S. and Bangdiwala S.I. 1999. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. Journal of Rural Health, 15:365–74.

Ortega F.B., Tresaco B., Ruiz J.R., Moreno L.A., Martin-Matillas M., Mesa J.L., Warnberg J., Bueno M., Tercedor P., Gutierrez A., Castillo M.J. and AVENA Study Group. 2007. Cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities are associated with high adiposity in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring), 15:1589-1599.

Ozdirenc M., Ozcan A., Akin F. and Gelecek N. 2005. Physical fitness in rural children compared with urban children in Turkey. Pediatrics International, 47(1):26-31.

Pena Reyes M.E., Tan S.K. and Malina R.M. 2003. Urban–rural contrasts in the physical fitness of school children in Oaxaca, Mexico. American Journal of Human Biology, 15:800–813.

Ruiz J.R., Ortega F.B., Meusel D., Harro M., Oja P. and Sjostrom M. 2006. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study. Journal of Public Health, 14:94-102.

Saha G.C. and Haldar S. 2012. Comparison of health related physical fitness variables and psychomotor ability between rural and urban school going children. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 8(2):105-108.

Sallis J.F., Simons-Mortan B.G., Stone E.J., Corbin C.B., Epstein L.H., Faucette N., Iannotti R.J., Killen Klesges R.C., Petray C.D., Rowland T.W. and Taylor W.C. 1992. Determinants of physical activity and interventions in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(6):248-257.

Shivakumar S., Gajanana P.B. and Prakash S.M. 2014. Influence of regional disparity on physical fitness of urban adolescent girls. International Journal of Engineering and Sports Science, 1(6):1-4.

Tambalis K.D., Panagiotakos D.B. and Sidossis L.S. 2010. Greek children living in rural areas are heavier but fitter compared to their urban counterparts: A comparative, time-series (1997-2008) analysis. The Journal of Rural Health, 00:1–8.

Thomas N.E., Baker J.S., Davies B. 2003. Established and recently identified coronary heart disease risk factors in young people: the influence of physical activity and physical fitness. Sports Medicine, 33:633-650.

Tsimeas P.D., Tsiokanos A.L., Koutedakis Y., Tsigilis N. and Kellis S. 2005. Does living in urban or rural settings affect aspects of physical fitness in children? An allometric approach. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39(9):671-674.

Ujevic T., Sporis G., Milanovic Z., Pantelic S. and Neljak B. 2013. Differences between health-related physical fitness profiles of Croatian children in urban and rural areas. Collegium Antropologicum, 37:75-80.

Wang J.H., Wu M.C. and Chang H.H. 2013. Urban–rural disparity in physical fitness of elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan. Pediatrics International, 55(3):346-354.

Wilczewski A., Sklad M. and Krawczyk B. 1996. Physical development and fitness of children from urban and rural areas as determined by EUROFIT test battery. Biology of Sport Warsaw, 13:113-26.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.1080

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Kanwar Mandeep Singh

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).