MOTIVES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG PATH-FIT STUDENTS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH

Kenneth Omandac Yagong, Felix Jr. Ceniza Chavez

Abstract


Motives for school physical activity should be encouraged by fostering intrinsic motivation and educating students about its health benefits. However, participation decreases as students move, evolving global and national reports. This quantitative study aimed to explore a best-fit model that predicts PATH-Fit students' motives for physical activity in Region X using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study employed PATH-Fit students in SUCs using systematic random sampling. The data were collected using an adapted and modified survey instrument. The result showed very high autonomy support, moderate exercise self-efficacy, moderate goal orientation, and high motivation for physical activity. The best-fit model, with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, demonstrated the direct influence of exercise self-efficacy on motives for physical activity. Further, autonomy support and exercise self-efficacy are crucial in promoting PATH-Fit students' motives for physical activity. Clearly outline practical applications.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


autonomy support, exercise self-efficacy, goal orientation, motives for physical activity, structural equation model, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abula, K., Beckmann, J., He, Z., Cheong, C., Lu, F., & Gröpel, P. (2018). Autonomy support in physical education promotes autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity: evidence from a sample of Chinese college students. Health Promotion International, 35(1), e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day102

Ahmed D., Ho W.K.Y., Van Niekerk R.L., Morris T., Elayaraja M., Lee K., Randles E. (2017). The self-esteem, goal orientation, and health-related physical fitness of active and inactive adolescent students. Cogent Psychol. 4:1331602. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2017.1331602

Akinwande, M. O., Dikko H. G., & Gulumbe S. U (2015). Identifying the Limitation of Stepwise Selection for Variable Selection in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 4, 414-419. https://10.11648/j.ajtas.20150405.22

Albuquerque, M. R., Lopes, M. C., De Paula, J. J., Faria, L. O., Pereira, E. T., & Da Costa, V. T. (2017). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the MPAM-R to Brazilian Portuguese and proposal of a new method to calculate factor scores. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00261

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy. In Oxford University Press eBooks (pp. 212–213). https://doi.org/10.1037/10522-094

Behzadnia, B., Adachi, P. J., Deci, E. L., & Mohammadzadeh, H. (2018). Associations between students’ perceptions of physical education teachers’ interpersonal styles and students’ wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity: A self-determination theory approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.003

Blom, V., Drake, E., Kallings, L. V., Ekblom, M. M., & Nooijen, C. F. J. (2021). The effects on self-efficacy, motivation and perceived barriers of an intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviours in office workers: a cluster randomized control trial. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11083-2

Caetano, L. C. G., Pacheco, B. D., Samora, G. a. R., Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., & Scianni, A. A. (2020). Self-Efficacy to Engage in Physical Exercise and Walking Ability Best Predicted Exercise Adherence after Stroke. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2020, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2957623

Codina, N., Pestana, J., Castillo, I. and Balaguer, I. (2016). “Ellas a estudiar y bailar, ellos a hacer deporte”: Un estudio de las actividades extraescolares de los adolescentes mediante los presupuestos de tiempo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(1), 233–242. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1578-84232016000100021

Corder, K., Winpenny, E., Love, R., Brown, H. E., White, M., & Van Sluijs, E. (2017). Change in physical activity from adolescence to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(8), 496–503. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097330

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Self-Determination Theory. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 486–491). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.26036-4

De Souza, K. C., Mendes, T. B., Gomes, T. H. S., Da Silva, A. A., Da Silva Nali, L. H., Bachi, A. L. L., Rossi, F. E., Gil, S., França, C. N., & Neves, L. M. (2021). Medical Students Show Lower Physical Activity Levels and Higher Anxiety Than Physical Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.804967

Deforche, B., Van Dyck, D., Deliens, T., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2015). Changes in weight, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary intake during the transition to higher education: a prospective study. The International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0173-9

Ersöz, G., Müftüler, M., Lapa, T. Y., & Tümer, A. (2017). Reliability and validity of goal orientation in exercise measure (GOEM) — Turkish version. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1283877. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2017.1283877

Fan, X., Zhu, Z., Zhuang, J., Liu, Y., Tang, Y., Chen, P., & Cao, Z. (2019). Gender and age differences in the association between living arrangement and physical activity levels among youth aged 9–19 years in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional questionnaire study. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7383-z

Farren, G. L., Zhang, T., Martin, S. B., & Thomas, K. T. (2016). Factors related to meeting physical activity guidelines in active college students: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of American College Health, 65(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2016.1229320

Franco, E., & Coterón, J. (2018). Influencia de la viabilidad percibida por los profesores en el desarrollo de estrategias motivacionales sobre la motivación del alumnado en clase Educación Física. ÁGora/Ágora Para La Educación Física Y El Deporte, 20(2–3), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.24197/aefd.2-3.2018.235-255

Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30323-2

Hakim, A. R., Wang, S., Widiantoro, F. X., Hannan, M., Wang, C., & Fetzer, S. (2020). The Indonesian version of the exercise Self-Efficacy Scale: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing. Asian Nursing Research, 14(5), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2020.08.008

Hernández, E. H., Fabra, J. a. A., & Moreno‐Murcia, J. A. (2020). Effect of autonomy support and dialogic learning on school children’s physical activity and sport. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(3), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12637

Hoare, E., Stavreski, B., Jennings, G., & Kingwell, B. (2017). Exploring Motivation and Barriers to Physical Activity among Active and Inactive Australian Adults. Sports, 5(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5030047

Kılınç, A. Ç., Bozkurt, E., & İlhan, H. (2018). Öğretmen Özerkliğine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama, 9(18), 77-98. https://bit.ly/3xj1M5O

Koh, Y. S., Asharani, P. V., Devi, F., Roystonn, K., Wang, P., Vaingankar, J. A., Abdin, E., Sum, C. F., Lee, E. S., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2022). A cross-sectional study on the perceived barriers to physical activity and their associations with domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour. BMC Public Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13431-2

Lewis, B. A., Williams, D. M., Frayeh, A. L., & Marcus, B. H. (2015). Self-efficacy versus perceived enjoyment as predictors of physical activity behaviour. Psychology & Health, 31(4), 456–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1111372

Mamani, T., Dongo, A., & Oriundo, E. (2017). Prevalence and factors associated with low physical activity level among the Peruvian population. Clinical Nutrition and Hospital Dietetics, 37(4), 108-115. https://doi.org/10.12873/374tarqui

Manasan, P. L., Quitor, C. G., Ronquillo, V. P., Dabu, D. C., Dela Cruz, J. T., Sode, M. A. V., Cruz, S. J. L. (2023). Motives and Barriers to Exercise among Underweight Filipino College Students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. 4(9), 3244 – 3263. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.09.16

Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R. R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my research study? Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia, 91(3), 326–330. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165254

Moore, K. N., Hatzinger, L., Crosley-Lyons, R., Do, B., Wang, S. D., McAlister, K., Chapman, T. M., Hewus, M., & Dunton, G. F. (2024). Examining whether exercise preference and tolerance moderate the Within-Subject association between physical activity intention and Next-Day moderate to vigorous physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0269

Morris, T., & Roychowdhury, D. (2020). Physical activity for health and wellbeing: the role of motives for participation. Health Psychology Report, 8(4), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2020.100111

Mungcal, K., Serrano, J. M., Tolentino, J. C. (2021). Exploring Motives and Barriers to Exercise among “At-risk and Obese” Filipino College Students. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Sustainable Development, 9(2), 100-109. https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/11-APJMSD-2021-33.pdf

Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91(3), 328–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.91.3.328

Öner, M., & Baysal, H. Y. (2021). An Assessment of Physical Activity, Exercise Self-Efficacy Level and Stages of Behaviour Change among Adolescents. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 554–561. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.795079

Pedersen, M. R. L., Hansen, A. F., & Elmose-Østerlund, K. (2021). Motives and Barriers Related to Physical Activity and Sport across Social Backgrounds: Implications for Health Promotion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115810

Pérez-Quero, F. J., Granero-Gallegos, A., Baena-Extremera, A., & Baños, R. (2023). Goal orientations of secondary school students and their intention to practise physical activity in their leisure time: Mediation of physical education importance and satisfaction. Healthcare, 11(4), 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040568

Pituk, C.S., & Cagas, J.Y. (2019). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among Filipino University Students. journal of physical education, 30. https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v30i1.3076

Reeve, J. (2018). Autonomy-Supportive Teaching: What it is, how to do it. In Springer eBooks (pp. 129–152). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-630-0_7

Reide, L., Veseta, U., & Ābele, A. (2023). The Role of Self-Efficacy in Physical Activity in Students: A Literature Review. SabiedrīBa, IntegrāCija, IzglīTīBa/SabiedrīBa. IntegrāCija. IzglīTīBa/Society. Integration. Education, 2, 576–588. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2023vol2.7120

Rhodes, R. E., McEwan, D., & Rebar, A. L. (2019). Theories of physical activity behaviour change: A history and synthesis of approaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.010

Rieder, A., Eseryel, U. Y., Lehrer, C., & Jung, R. (2020). Why Users Comply with Wearables: The Role of Contextual Self-Efficacy in Behavioral Change. International Journal of Human-computer Interaction, 37(3), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1819669

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806

Sabharwal, A., & Sabharwal, M. (2018). Perceived barriers of young adults for participation in physical activity. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 6(2), 437–449. https://doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.18

Sevil, J., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Pulido, J. J., Práxedes, A., & Sánchez-Oliva, D. (2018). Motivation and physical activity: differences between high school and university students in Spain. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 125(5), 894–907. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512518788743

Tao, Y., Xu, T., Wang, X., Liu, C., Wu, Y., Liu, M., Xiao, T., & Qiu, X. (2024). The relationships between emerging adults self-efficacy and motivation levels and physical activity: a cross-sectional study based on the self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1342611

Temel, A. S., Tükel, Y., & Akçakese, A. (2024). Goal orientation as a predictor of perceived physical literacy among fitness participants: an application of the achievement goal Theory. Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.51383/jesma.2024.106

Tilga, H., Kalajas-Tilga, H., Hein, V., Raudsepp, L., & Koka, A. (2020). How does perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviour in physical education relate to adolescents’ leisure-time physical activity participation? Kinesiology, 52(2), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.2.13

Tomczak M., Walczak M., Kleka P., Walczak A., Bojkowski Ł. (2020). The measurement of goal orientation in sport: Psychometric properties of the Polish version of the perception of success questionnaire (POSQ) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17:6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186641

Trigueros-Ramos, R., Gómez, N. N., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., & León-Estrada, I. (2019). Influencia del docente de Educación Física sobre la confianza, diversión, la motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. Cuadernos De Psicología Del Deporte, 19(1), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.347631

Tulchin-Francis, K., Stevens, W., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Roberts, H., Keller, J., Dempsey, D., Borchard, J., Jeans, K., & VanPelt, J. (2021). The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. Journal of Sport and Health Science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005

United Nations [UN] (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. A/RES/70/1. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/291/89/PDF/N1529189.pdf?OpenElement

Urdan, T., & Kaplan, A. (2020). The origins, evolution, and future directions of achievement goal theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101862

Verma, A. K., Singh, G., & Patwardhan, K. (2022). Patterns of physical activity among university students and their perceptions about the curricular content concerned with health: cross-sectional study. JMIRx Med, 3(2), e31521. https://doi.org/10.2196/31521

Wang, K., Li, Y., Zhang, T., & Luo, J. (2022). The Relationship among College Students’ Physical Exercise, Self-Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, and Subjective Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11596. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811596

Wilson, O. W. A., Bopp, C. M., Papalia, Z., Duffey, M., & Bopp, M. (2020). Freshman physical activity constraints are related to the current health behaviors and outcomes of college upperclassmen. Journal of American College Health, 70(4), 1112–1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1785475

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World (p. 104). Geneva: World Health Organization.

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272722/9789241514187-eng.pdf

Yang, Y., Taylor, J., & Cao, L. (2016). The 3 x 2 Achievement Goal Model in Predicting Online Student Test Anxiety and Help-Seeking. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education Revue Internationale Du E-Learning Et La Formation à Distance, 31(1). Retrieved from https://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/914




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v12i1.5763

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Kenneth Omandac Yagong, Felix Jr. Ceniza Chavez

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015 - 2026. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).