EFFECT OF PROTECTIVE MOUTHGUARD USE ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN TAEKWONDO

Hilal Geçgel, Emine Atici

Abstract


Purpose: This study investigates the effect of the use of specially designed protective mouthguards on agility, balance, flexibility, reaction time, and handgrip strength parameters from exercise performance parameters in taekwondo players. Methods: Thirty-seven athletes between the ages of 18 and 40 participated voluntarily. The study was conducted at the Alanya Budo Taekwondo Sports Club. Measurements were taken with and without the mouthguard, and conducted at least one day apart. Agility T-Test, flexibility Sit and Reach Test, balance Flamingo and Y Balance Test, reaction time Nelson-Hand Reaction Test, grip strength hand dynamometer evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in the parameters of agility, flexibility, balance, reaction time, roasting power with and without a protective mouthpiece (p>0.05). In this study, while the positive effect of the personally designed mouth protector on performance was not observed, no negative effect was seen at the same time. Conclusion: The use of mouth protectors should be recommended, and the use should be increased because it reduces the severity of the traumas from the orofacial region.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


adults, athletes, martial arts, mouth protectors, hand strength

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amis, T., Di Somma, E., Bacha, F., et al. (2000). Influence of intra-oral maxillary sports mouthguards on the airflow dynamics of oral breathing. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(2), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00006

Bailey, S. P., Willauer, T. J., Balilionis, G., et al. (2015). Effects of an over-the-counter vented mouthguard on cardiorespiratory responses to exercise and physical agility. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(3), 678-684. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000668

Balanoff, W. L. (2009). Performance-enhancing mouth wear and craniofacial neurometabolic physiology. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 30, 2–3. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774771/

Battaglia, G., Messina, G., & Giustino, V. et al. (2018). Influence of vertical dimension of occlusion on peak force during handgrip tests in athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.68274

Bourdin, M., Brunet-Patru, I., Hager, P., et al. (2006). Influence of maxillary mouthguards on physiological parameters. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(8), 1500-1504. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000228952.44850.eb

Busca, B., Moreno-Doutres, D., Pena, J., et al. (2018). Effects of jaw clenching wearing customized mouthguards on agility, power and vertical jump in male high-standard basketball players. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 16(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2017.11.001

Cetin, C., Kececi, A. D., Erdogan, A., et al. (2009). Influence of custom-made mouth guards on strength, speed and anaerobic performance of taekwondo athletes. Dental Traumatology, 25(3), 272-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00780.x

Churei, H. (2003). Relation between teeth clenching and grip force production characteristics. The Journal of the Stomatological Society, 70(2), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.70.82

Collares, K., Correa, M. B., Silva, I. C. M. D., et al. (2014). Effect of wearing mouthguards on the physical performance of soccer and futsal players: A randomized cross-over study. Dental Traumatology, 30(1), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12040

Cotter, J. A., Jamison, S. T., Schloemer, S. A., et al. (2017). Do Neuromuscular Dentistry–Designed Mouthguards Enhance Dynamic Movement Ability in Competitive Athletes? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001632

Drum, S. N., Swisher, A. M., Buchanan, C. A., & Donath, L. (2016). Effects of a custom bite-aligning mouthguard on performance in college football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1409-1415. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001235

Dudgeon, W. D., Buchanan, L. A., Strickland, A. E., et al. (2017). Mouthpiece use during heavy resistance exercise affects serum cortisol and lactate. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1403728

Dunn-Lewis, C., Luk, H. Y., Comstock, B. A., et al. (2012). The effects of a customized over-the-counter mouthguard on neuromuscular force and power production in trained men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1085–1093. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31824b4d5b

Garner, D. P., & McDivitt, E. (2009). Effects of mouthpiece use on airway openings and lactate levels in healthy college males. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 30(2), 9-13. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774773/

Garner, D. P., & Miskimin, J. (2009). Effects of mouthpiece use on auditory and visual reaction time in college males and females. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 30(2), 14-17. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774774/

Garner, D. P., Dudgeon, W. D., & McDivitt, E. J. (2011). The effects of mouthpiece use on cortisol levels during an intense bout of resistance exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(10), 2866–2871. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31820ae849

Golem, D. L., & Arent, S. M. (2015). Effects of over-the-counter jaw-repositioning mouth guards on dynamic balance, flexibility, agility, strength, and power in college-aged male athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 500-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000641

Haughey, J. P., & Fine, P. (2020). Effects of the lower jaw position on athletic performance of elite athletes. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000886

Jakobsen, M., Sundstrup, E., Krustrup, P., et al. (2011). The effect of recreational soccer training and running on postural balance in untrained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 521-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1669-2

Jung, J. K., Chae, W. S., & Lee, K. B. (2013). Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power. Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 5(4), 388-395. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.388

Kececi, A. D., Cetin, C., Eroglu, E., et al. (2005). Do custom-made mouth guards have negative effects on aerobic performance capacity of athletes? Dental Traumatology, 21(5), 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00354.x

Lloyd, J. D., Nakamura, W. S., Maeda, Y., et al. (2017). Mouthguards and their use in sports: Report of the 1st International Sports Dentistry Workshop, 2016. Dental Traumatology, 33(6), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12375

Martins, R. S., Girouard, P., Elliott, E., et al. (2020). Physiological responses of a jaw-repositioning custom-made mouthguard on airway and their effects on athletic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(2), 422-429. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002679

Meeuwisse, W. H., Tyreman, H., & Hagel, B. (2007). A dynamic model of etiology in sport injury: The recursive nature of risk and causation. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 17(3), 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0b013e3180592a48

Nakajima, K., Takeda, T., Kawamura, et al. (2006). Concerning the influence of wearing bite up oral appliance on reaction time of the exercise. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 55(Supplement), 237-240.

Nam, H. J., Lee, J. H., Hong, D. S., et al. (2020). The effect of wearing a customized mouthguard on body alignment and balance performance in professional basketball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176431

Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., et al. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443-450. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/2000/11000/reliability_and_validity_of_the_t_test_as_a.12.aspx

Queiroz, A. F. V. R., De Brito, J. R. B., Ramacciato, J. C., et al. (2013). Influence of mouthguards on the physical performance of soccer players. Dental Traumatology, 29(6), 450-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12026

Takeda, T., Ishigami, K., & Ogawa, T. (2004). Are all mouthguards the same and safe to use? The influence of occlusal supporting mouthguards in decreasing bone distortion and fractures. Dental Traumatology, 20(3), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00247.x

Tulunoglu, I., & Ozbek, M. (2006). Oral trauma, mouthguard awareness, and use in two contact sports in Turkey. Dental Traumatology, 22(5), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00386.x




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v12i5.5957

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Hilal Geçgel, Emine Atici

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015 - 2026. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).