HEMATOLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGES FOR HEALTHY ADULTS IN THE NORTHWEST REGION OF CAMEROON / GAMMES DE RÉFÉRENCE HÉMATOLOGIQUE POUR LA SANTÉ ADULTES DANS LA RÉGION NORD-OUEST DU CAMEROUN
Abstract
The interpretation of laboratory test results requires reference or cutoff values. An improved diagnosis with accurate, reliable laboratory reference ranges saves valuable healthcare resources essential for effective clinical evaluation and monitoring. This benefit provides improved cost containment by eliminating unnecessary testing, treatment changes, and use of other healthcare resources during the episode of care. Based on the above fact, this study was designed to establish reference ranges for hematological parameters in apparently healthy voluntary non-remunerated blood donors. The study was a hospital based cross-sectional experimental study conducted between February and October 2020. Blood samples were taken from 356 healthy adults (18 to 60 years) 211 (59.3%) males and 145 (40.7%) females and routine hematology analysis performed. Patients were assessed as healthy on the basis of a medical history and medical examinations. Venous blood from the antecubital fossa was collected in 2-3mL of K- ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) for complete blood counts. A total of nineteen hematological parameters were tested in this study and showed significant differences (p<0.001) among males and females with the former showing higher CBC values, except WBC, GRAN# and platelet. More than 10% of the female population presented results that were out of that of the accompanying manual of the hematology analyzer used in the study. The reference range for LYM % for the female was above the upper limit of the manufacturers’ manual reference and for GRAN% in the males was below the lower limit of the accompanying manual of the hematology analyzer. Several differences were also observed when compared to previously established values from Yaounde (Cameroon), most notably in platelets. Our findings for CBC parameters, are in general agreement with previously published data from more limited trials undertaken in other African countries. In spite of the uncontrolled factors influencing hematological values, this study permitted to establish new hematological reference values for use in the North West region of Cameroon. In the absence of previously detailed and more comprehensive investigated hematological reference values for the region we offered to use these results for clinical management of patients from this region and interpretations of laboratory data.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Esparza J., O. S., HIV vaccines: a global perspective. Current Molecular Medicine, 2003.3:p.183–193.
Jaoko W., N. F., Anzala O, Manyonyi G. O., Birungi J., Nanvubya A., Bashir F., Bhatt K., Ogutu H., Wakasiaka S., Matu L., Waruingi W., Odada J., Oyaro M., Indangasi J., Ndinya-Achola J., Konde C., Mugisha E., Fast P., Schmidt C., Gilmour J., Tarragona T., Smith C., Barin B., Dally L., Johnson B., Muluubya A., Nielsen L., Hayes P., Boaz M., Hughes P., Hanke T., McMichael A., Bwayo J., Kaleebu P., Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant low-dosage HIV-1 A vaccine candidates vectored by plasmid pTHr DNA or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in humans in East Africa. Vaccine, 2008. 26(22): p. 2788–2795.
UNAIDS, Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO press, WHO, Editor. 2010, UNAIDS.
The Global Fund, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria; Global Fund ARV Fact Sheet. 2009.
T. Miri-Dashe, S. Osawe, M. T. N. Daniel et al., “Comprehensive reference ranges for hematology and clinical chemistry laboratory parameters derived from normal Nigerian adults,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 5, 2014.
Ritchie R. F., P. G., Selecting clinically relevant populations for reference intervals. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2004. 42(7): p. 702-709.
O’Brien W. A., H. P., Daar E. S., Simberkoff M. S., Hamilton J. D., Changes in plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4+ lymphocyte counts predict both response to antiretroviral therapy and therapeutic failure. Ann Intern Med, 1997. 126: p. 939–945.
Government of Cameroon. "La Population du Cameroun 2010" (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (pdf) on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
Ochei J., Kolhatkar A. Medical Laboratory Science: Theory and Practice. 1st Edition. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited; 2000.
Bourner G., Salle B. D. E. L. A., George T., Tabe Y., Baum H., Culp N., et al. ICSH Guidelines for the Verification and Performance of Automated Cell Counters for Body Fluids. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014; (January):598–612.
Imeri F., Herklotz R., Risch L., Arbetsleitner C., Zerlauth M., Risch G. M., et al. Stability of hematological analytes depends on the hematology analyser used : A stability study with Bayer Advia 120, Beckman Coulter LH 750 and Sysmex XE 2100. 2008;397:68–71.
URIT 3000 plus “Hematology Analyzer”, CBC machine urit 3000 vet China.
W. J. Dixon, “Processing data for outliers,” Biometrics, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 74, 1953.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar.
Saathoff E., Schneider P., Kleinfeldt V., Geis S., Haule D., et al. (2008). Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 13(5): 612–25. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18331386.
Kibaya, R. S., Bautista, C. T., Sawe, F. K., Shaffer, D. N., Sateren, W. B., Scott, P. T., Michael, N. L., Robb, M. L., Birx, D. L. and de Souza, M. S., 2008. Reference ranges for the clinical laboratory derived from a rural population in Kericho, Kenya. PloS one, 3(10), p.e3327.
Mine M., Moyo S., Stevens P., Michael K., Novitsky V. et al (2011). Immunohaematological reference values for HIV-negative healthy adults in Botswana. Afr J Lab Med 1(1): 5–11. Available from: http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/5.
Karita E., Ketter N., Price Ma, Kayitenkore K., Kaleebu P., et al. (2009). CLSI-derived hematology and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy adults in eastern and southern Africa. PLoS One 4(2): e4401. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2632744&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
T. Miri-Dashe, S. Osawe, M. T. N. Daniel et al., “Comprehensive reference ranges for hematology and clinical chemistry laboratory parameters derived from normal Nigerian adults,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 5, 2014.
Lugada E. S., Mermin J., Kaharuza F., et al. Population-based hematologic and immunologic reference values for a healthy Ugandan population. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004; 11(1):29–34. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
D. K. Dosoo, K. Kayan, D. Adu-Gyasi et al., “Haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy adults in the middle belt of Ghana,” PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 4, Article ID e36308, 2012.
L. A. Eller, M. A. Eller, B. Ouma et al., “Reference intervals in healthy adult Ugandan blood donors and their impact on conducting international vaccine trials,” PLoS ONE, vol. 3, no. 12, 2008.
R. Ayanful-Torgby, N. B. Quashie, J. N. Boampong, K. C. Williamson, and L. E. Amoah, “Seasonal variations in Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence assessed by varying diagnostic tests in asymptomatic children in southern Ghana,” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 6, Article ID e0199172, 2018.
Koram, M. Addae, J. Ocran, S. Adu-amankwah, W. Rogers, and F. Nkrumah, “Population based reference intervals for 6 BioMed Research International common blood haematological and biochemical parameters in the Akuapem north district,” Ghana Medical Journal, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 160–166, 2010.
Al-Mawali, A., Pinto, A. D., Al-Busaidi, R., Al-Lawati, R. H. and Morsi, M. 2018. Comprehensive haematological indices reference intervals for a healthy Omani population: first comprehensive study in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle Eastern countries based on age, gender and ABO blood group comparison. PloS one, 13(4), p.e0194497.
Kuriyan, M. and Wells, S., 1995. Matching blood donations to type‐specific product needs: a recruitment technique. Journal of clinical apheresis, 10(1), pp.23-26.
Egbe T. O., Ncham E. N., Takang W., Egbe. E, Halle-Ekane. G. Use of the partogram in the Bamenda health District, North-West Region, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Gynecology and Obstetrics Research-Open Journal. 2016; 2(5):102–111. doi: 10.17140/goroj-2-124. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
K. Asare-Ntow, G. Kuma, and R. Adjei, “Analysis of Malaria diagnosis and treatment data amongst pregnant women after the implementation of Test-Treat-Track policy, Brong Ahafo Region-2017,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.73, pp. 171-172, 2018.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejphs.v4i1.85
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Mercy A. Manjong-Kofete, Wilfred F. Mbacham
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2019 - 2026. European Journal of Public Health Studies (ISSN 2668-1056/ISSN-L 2668-1056) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.
