L1 INPUT IN L2 OUTPUT WORD FOR WORD TRANSLATION: A CRITICAL CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF MORPHO-SYNTAX OF INVERSION IN DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH IN GEORGE ORWELL ENGLISH AND FRENCH ANIMAL FARM CORPUS

Abstract

In 21^st Century, Translation has been one of very important field in multicultural communication. Though disparities of thoughts in the point of views of some scholars with different oriented paradigms either translation should be word for word, literal, syntactic, semantic or pragmatic. Chomsky extrapolation theory of direct translation of X transfer to Y, Peter Newmark “sense for sense”, Cisero “free translation», L1 in L2, Krashen (1981), Jacobson etc. The scientific debates engaged by the previous cited scholars have never settled the problems of similarities and differences that may still exist between a pair of languages. Thus, translation of SL (source language) into TL (language) should not only limit at word for word, L1 & L2 input-output hypothesis, but also should understand accuracy, meaning, context, and audience. While the problem of translation method and application to meet equivalence is still a dilemma to some teachers and scholars, novice and practitioners when prior involving in translation and lacking faithfulness of SL &TL in South –Kivu institutions of higher education (DRC), the work has enriched the debate by suggesting to the translator how to frame his translation duty not only prior engaging into water sinking and diving without being familiarized with the context of water diving but also should encounter both the rules governing the feature of L1 morphological construction either applicable or non-applicable to L2 morphological construction.

            The paper raises a question: does the rule of L1 morphological construction generalization of (UG) universal grammar serve in the production of L2 construction of inversion in direct reported speech? To answer to this question ,the study consisted of collecting data from two novels George Orwell Animal Farm and La Ferme d’animaux; English-French Translated corpus to understand linguistic phenomena that may still exist between a pair of languages in translation.

            The present paper has applied qualitative method grounding contrastive analysis in the processing of the data. The finding reveals that similarities and differences can still exist between a pair of language. This means that It is so that (L a) because in L1 there is a rule A that is crucially involved in the derivation of structure of type X having the property of a, where in L2 there is a corresponding rule B that is involved in the same way in the derivation of structures of the type Y which differ from X having the property β where the former had a. So, any attempt to faithfully translate SL into TL requires the mastery of rules governing the linguistic features of both L1 & L2 which might occur similar or different while targeting accuracy, meaning, context and audience perception.

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