A RESILIENCY MODEL FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AGAINST EXTREME NETWORK GRID STRESS: THE 2020 COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MINDANAO
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical vulnerabilities in global power systems, particularly in regions like Mindanao, Philippines. This study aims to develop a comprehensive resiliency model for renewable energy (RE) systems by leveraging existing power system metrics in Mindanao. The model is structured into four profiles: energy balance, energy mix, cost, and reliability, each representing various aspects of the power system's performance before and during the pandemic. The findings reveal that the energy balance and energy mix profiles experienced slight impacts due to reduced demand and pre-pandemic planning, achieving resiliency scores of 16.33/18 and 13.5/18, respectively. The cost profile remained unaffected with a perfect resiliency score of 6/6, attributed to pre-pandemic power purchase agreements, while the reliability profile showed minimal disruption with a score of 4.67/6. Overall, the study achieved an aggregate resiliency score of 40.5/48, indicating that the Mindanao power system maintained stable operations during the pandemic. The research successfully incorporated RE performance into the resiliency model, though it acknowledges the model's limitations and suggests the inclusion of additional metrics for further refinement. This study contributes valuable insights into enhancing power system resilience, particularly in developing regions, amid unprecedented global challenges.
JEL: Q42, Q48, L94, C52, H12
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
S. J. Ahmed, “Philippines Power Sector Can Reach Resilience by 2021,” COVID-19 Reveals Regulatory Weaknesses and the Need for Improved Incentives and Policies, Jun. 2020. Retrieved from https://ieefa.org/resources/philippines-power-sector-can-reach-resilience-2021
International Finance Corporation, “The Impact of COVID-19 on the Power Sector,” Jun. 2020. Retrieved from https://ppp.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/IFC-Covid19-PowerSector-final_web_rev.pdf
T. Lowder, N. Lee, and J. E. Leisch, “COVID-19 and The Power Sector in Southeast Asia: Impacts and Opportunities,” Jun. 2020. Retrieved from https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/76963.pdf
E. Hillberg, “Flexibility needs in the future power system,” Mar. 2019. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22580.71047
E. Taibi, L. Gutierrez, J. Kiviluoma, S. Rissanen, T. Nikolakakis, C. Fernandez del Valle, and T. J. Lindroos, “Power System Flexibility for the Energy Transition,” Nov. 2018. Retrieved from https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/%20%20%20%20Publication/2018/Nov/IRENA_Power_system_flexibility_1_2018.pdf
Office of Senator Win Gatchalian, “Policy Brief on Energy: The Costs of Power Outages in the Philippines,” vol. 1, no. 1, Aug. 2016.
R. Goodall, R. Dixon, and V. M. Dwyer, “Operational Reliability Calculations for Critical Systems,” in Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes 2006, vol. 2, Elsevier, 2007, pp. 771–776. https://doi.org/10.3182/20060829-4-CN-2909.00128
H. Lund, “Electric grid stability and the design of sustainable energy systems,” International Journal of Sustainable Energy, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 45–54, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786450512331325910
P. Denholm and M. Hand, “Grid flexibility and storage required to achieve very high penetration of variable renewable electricity,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1817–1830, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.019
J. Cochran, M. Miller, O. Zinaman, M. Milligan, D. Arent, B. Palmintier, M. Omalley, S. Mueller, E. Lannoye, A. Tuohy, B. Kujala, M. Sommer, H. Holttinen, J. Kiviluoma, and S. K. Soonee, “Flexibility in 21st Century Power Systems,” 2014. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290559378_Flexibility_in_21st_Century_Power_Systems
J. R. Pillai, K. Heussen, and P. A. Østergaard, “Comparative analysis of hourly and dynamic power balancing models for validating future energy scenarios,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3233–3243, 2011. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.03.014
Energy Regulatory Commission, “Res. 21, A Resolution Adopting the Grid Management Committee’s Proposed Amendments to ERC Resolution No. 17, Series of 2013,” 2016.
H. Raoufi, V. Vahidinasab, and K. Mehran, “Power Systems Resilience Metrics: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Outlook,” Sustainability, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229698
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v11i1.2214
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erick George Uy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Copyright © 2017-2026. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies (ISSN 2501 - 9988) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.
