THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND RECIDIVISM AMONG YOUNG ADULT INMATES IN AGODI CORRECTIONAL CENTRE, IBADAN, NIGERIA
Abstract
Scholars in recent times are developing keen interests in recidivism. This is because the rate at which it is rising is worrisome. Recidivism is not only a problem to a recidivist but also to his/her family members, the society and to the nation. It leads to a waste of time and potential on the part of the individual recidivist and also funds and resources (human and capital) on the part of the nation which if not well handled, could lead to the death of the offenders. This study, therefore, investigated the relationship between family dysfunction, substance abuse, social support, emotional intelligence and recidivism. One hundred and eighty seven (187) participants were chosen among young adult inmates of Agodi correctional facility using simple randomisation. Three research questions were raised and answered for the study. Validated and standardized instruments were used to collect the data. Data collected were analysed using the Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant relationship between the independent variables and recidivism Based on the findings, it was recommended that mental health professionals should be engaged in the development of packages that will enhance the thorough participation of inmates in therapeutic programs, promote their psychological well-being and reduce their tendencies for reoffending. Family cohesion should not be traded for anything as its consequences are unimaginably destructive. To this end, every family member must unite to achieve it. On drug abuse, government agencies in charge of drugs should intensify their efforts on the misuse of drugs, especially among the young adults as this would not only promote healthy living but reduce criminal behaviours and recidivism.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behaviors, 7(4), 363–371
Abrifor, C. A., Atere, A. A. & Muoghalu, C. O. (2012). Gender differences, trend and pattern of recidivism among inmates in selected Nigerian prisons. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 8 (24): 25–44.
Afolabi, O. (2016). Indigenous Emotional Intelligence Scale: Development and Validation. Psychological Thought. 10: 138-154
Austin, J., Robinson, B., Elms, B., & Chan, L. (1999). Evaluation of two models of treating sentenced Federal drug offenders in the community. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice
Bar-On, R. (1997a). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): a test of emotional intelligence. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
Bonta, J., Law, M., & Hanson, K. (1998). The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 123(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.123
Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., DeGruy, F. V. and Kaplan, B. H. (1988). Duke - UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Retrieved https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1989-10565-001
Bureau of Justice Statistics (2005). Recidivism of State Prisoners Released in 2005 data collection, 2005–2014.
Cartier, J. Farabee, J. D. Prendergas, M. L (2006). Methamphetamine use, self-reported violent crime, and recidivism among offenders in California who abuse substances. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21 (4). 435-445, 10.1177/0886260505285724
Caudy, M. S., Folk, J. B., Stuewig, M. A. Wooditch, A., Martinez A. Maass, S., Tangney, J. P. and Taxman, F. S. (2015). Does substance misuse moderate the relationship between criminal thinking and recidivism? Journal of Criminal Justice. 43(1): 12–19.
Chaiken, M., & Johnson, B. D. (1998). Characteristics of different types of drug-involved offenders. Issues and practices. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice.
Chiemeka, N. (2005). The Nigerian Prisons and the treatment of offenders. Retrieved online at http://196.222.5.9/handle/123456789/8013
Chukwumerije, U. (2012). Explanatory memorandum on amendment of prison act. (On-line: http://www.Senatorchukwumerije/id63html, Assessed 20/05/2014).
Cooper, A. D., Durose, M. R. & Snyder, H. N. (2014). Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4986
Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., & Chamlin, M. B. (1999). Social support and social reform: A progressive crime control agenda. Crime & Delinquency, 45(2), 188–207
Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of marital and family therapy, 9(2), 171-180
García-Sancho E., Salguero J. M., Fernández-Berrocal P. (2014). The relationships between emotional intelligence and aggression: A systematic review. Aggressive Violent Behaviour. 2014;19:584–91. [Google Scholar]
Gendreau, P. (1996). The principles of effective intervention with offenders. In A. T. Harland (Ed.), Choosing correctional options that work: Defining the demand and evaluating the supply (pp. 117–130). Sage Publications, Inc.
Goleman D. (1998). "What Makes a Leader?". Harvard Business Review. 76: 92–105
Harrod N. R., & Scheer S. D. (2005). An exploration of adolescent emotional intelligence in relation to demographic characteristics. Adolescence. ;40(159):503.
Hayes, M. J. and O’Reilly, G. (2013). Psychiatric Disorder, IQ, and Emotional Intelligence Among Adolescent Detainees: A Comparative Study. Legal and Criminological Psychology Volume: 18 Issue: 130-47
Henley M., and Long N. J. (1999). Teaching emotional intelligence to impulsive-aggressive youth. Reclaiming Child Youth. 7:224–9. [Google Scholar]
Idowu T. and Muhammed V. (2019). Challenges of controlling delinquency and juvenile recidivism in correctional centre in Ondo State, Nigeria. Applied Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 2(2), pp. 18-37
James, N. (2015). Offender reentry: Correctional statistics, reintegration into the community, and recidivism. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34287. pdf
Katarzyna Gucwa-Porębska (2019). Dysfunctionality of family environment is one of the reasons for recidivism. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica issue No: 71 pg 41-50.
Kirsch L. G., Becker J. V. (2011). Emotional deficits in psychopathy and sexual sadism: implications for violent and sadistic behavior. Clinical Psychology Review. 27:904–22.
Larney, S. and Martire K. A. (2010). Factors affecting criminal recidivism among participants in the Magistrates Early Referral into Treatment (MERIT) program in New South Wales, Australia Drug and Alcohol Review, 29 (6), 684-688
Maithya, R. (2009). Drug Abuse in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Development a Programme for Prevention and Intervention. Kenya: University of South Africa.
Martin R. Perceptions of self and significant others in assaultive and non-assaultive criminals. J Police Crim Psychology. 1985;1:2–13
Martinez, D. J., & Abrams, L. S. (2013). Informal social support among returning young offenders: A metasynthesis of the literature. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(2), 169–190.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10430-000
Maruna, S. (2016). Desistance and restorative justice: it’s now or never, Restorative Justice, 4:3, 289-301, DOI: 10.1080/20504721.2016.1243853
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). New York, NY. Basic Books.
Miller, H. V. & Miller, J. M. (2015). A promising jail reentry program revisited: Results from a quasi-experimental design. Criminal Justice Studies, 28 (2), 211–225.
Olson, D. E., & Lurigio, A. J. (2000). Predicting Probation Outcomes: Factors Associated with Probation, Rearrest, Revocations, and Technical Violations during Supervision. Justice Research and Policy, 2, 73-86. https://doi.org/10.3818/JRP.2.1.2000.73
Panuccio, E. A., Christian, J., Martinez, D. J., & Sullivan, M. L. (2012). Social support, motivation, and the process of juvenile reentry: An exploratory analysis of desistance. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 51(3), 135–160.
Petrosino, A., Derzon, J., & Lavenberg, J. (2009). The Role of the Family in Crime and Delinquency: Evidence from prior Quantitative Reviews. Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 6(2), 108 - 132
Qualter P, Ireland J, Gardner K. (2010). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Schutte self-report emotional intelligence scale (SSREI) in a sample of male offenders. British Journal of Forensic Pract.;12: 43–51
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1989-1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9 (3), 185–211.
Schulze, R., Roberts, R. D., Zeidner, M., & Matthews, G. (2005). Theory, measurement, applications of emotional intelligence: Frame of reference. In R. Schulze & R. D. Roberts (Eds). Emotional intelligence: An international handbook (pp. 3-29). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
Sinha, R., Easton, C., & Kemp, K. (2003). Substance abuse treatment characteristics of probation-referred young adults in a community-based outpatient program. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(3), 585-597
Sinha, R., Easton, C., & Kemp, K. (2003). Substance abuse treatment characteristics of probation-referred young adults in a community-based outpatient program. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(3), 585-597.
Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addict Behaviour 7(4):363-371.
Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1531–1543.
Strüber D., Lück M., Roth G. (2008). Sex, aggression and impulse control: An integrative account. Neurocase. 14:93–121.
Vito, G. F., Higgins, G. E., & Vito, A. G. (2013). Tracking Capital Homicide Cases in Jefferson County, KY 2000–2010. American Journal of Criminal Justice: 39 (2), 331-340.
Vito, G. F., Wilson, D. G., & Keil, T. J. (1990). Drug testing, treatment, and revocation: A review of program findings. Federal Probation (3), 37-43.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v7i5.1284
Copyright (c) 2022 Solomon Adekunle Odedokun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Copyright © 2016 - 2023. European Journal Of Social Sciences Studies (ISSN 2501-8590) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.
