WORLD POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT: ONLINE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ON VOLUNTARY FAMILY PLANNING / CRESCITA DELLA POPOLAZIONE MONDIALE E SUE IMPLICAZIONI SU SICUREZZA ALIMENTARE ED AMBIENTE: RISORSE DIDATTICHE IN RETE SULLA PIANIFICAZIONE FAMILIARE VOLONTARIA
Abstract
The article presents educational and informative resources that can be downloaded for free from the internet. They consist of text, images, graphs, and videos that can be of interest to general readers and for teachers. These latter can use the resources with the method felt as most appropriate. As a consequence of the growing world population, by 2050, in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, a 112% increase in food production will be required to meet the caloric requirements. In this latter region, water availability per capita declined by 40% over the past decade, agricultural land decreased from 0.80 to 0.64 ha/capita between 2000 and 2017, and the fertility level is 4.6 births per woman. The agricultural land available per capita is decreasing on a global scale, and a slower population growth might give the time to take measures aimed at meeting the needs of the people, while protecting the environment. Family planning is a basic human right, but nowadays it is seriously underfunded by donors and developing countries. Several documents deal with the unmet needs of 257 million women who want to avoid pregnancy, but cannot use safe and modern contraception methods. Every year 121 million pregnancies are unintended. Some documents quoted deal with the influence of religious and socio-cultural factors on family planning, and child marriage. These are associated with health risks for both children and adolescent mothers. Several documents presented in this article deal with contraceptive methods. Some documents describe the strategies adopted in several countries to improve the availability and affordability of contraceptives for low-income people. Family planning and a slower population growth may provide countries with a window of opportunity for a faster economic growth, thanks to savings in education, maternal and child health care, and other services. Such savings far surpass the expenditure for birth control.
L’articolo presenta risorse educative ed informative scaricabili gratuitamente da internet. Queste consistono in testo, immagini, grafici e video che possono interessare vari lettori ed insegnanti. Questi ultimi possono usare le suddette risorse con il metodo sentito come il più appropriato. In conseguenza della crescita della popolazione mondiale, nel 2050, per soddisfare il fabbisogno calorico nell’Asia meridionale e nell’Africa subsahariana sarà necessario un aumento del 112% della produzione di cibo. Nell’Africa subsahariana, la disponibilità pro capite di acqua è diminuita del 40% negli ultimi 10 anni, i terreni agricoli sono diminuiti da 0,80 a 0,64 ettari a persona tra il 2000 ed il 2017. Il livello di fertilità è 4,6 figli per donna. I terreni agricoli disponibili pro capite stanno diminuendo su scala globale. Una crescita della popolazione più lenta concederebbe il tempo necessario a prendere provvedimenti volti a soddisfare i bisogni delle persone, proteggendo l’ambiente allo stesso tempo. La pianificazione familiare volontaria è un diritto umano di base, ma adesso è sottofinanziata dai donatori e dai paesi in via di sviluppo. Vari documenti parlano dei bisogni insoddisfatti di 257 milioni di donne che vogliono evitare la gravidanza, ma non hanno a disposizione contraccettivi moderni e sicuri. Ogni anno ci sono 121 milioni di gravidanze indesiderate. Alcuni documenti citati parlano della influenza dei fattori socio-culturali sulla pianificazione familiare e sui matrimoni precoci. Questi ultimi sono associati a rischi sanitari, sia per i bambini che per le giovani madri. Vari documenti presentati in questo articolo parlano dei metodi contraccettivi. Altri documenti descrivono le strategie adottate in taluni paesi per rendere i contraccettivi più disponibili, anche economicamente, per le persone con basso reddito.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v9i3.1598
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