ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF TEXTILES AND MITIGATION OPTIONS: ONLINE INFORMATIVE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES / IMPATTO AMBIENTALE DEI PRODOTTI TESSILI ED OPZIONI DI MITIGAZIONE: RISORSE INFORMATIVE ED EDUCATIVE ONLINE

Aldo Tommaso Marrocco

Abstract


In recent decades, the consumption of textile products has grown very quickly, with huge amounts of low-cost garments prematurely discarded because they were perceived as out of style. Fast fashion is based on low-cost garments, which result, for instance, from low-wages prevalent in most producing countries and poor environmental practices. At the same time, governmental subsidies keep artificially depressed the international cotton price. Durable and easily repairable garments, with carefully selected colours and styles, can avoid producing items that are quickly disposed of because they are worn out or perceived as out-of-fashion. The Aral Sea has largely dried up, and the whole area is polluted. This is a consequence of the massive expansion of cotton production, which requires a lot of water and pesticides. Conversely, growing hemp or flax for fibres implies much lower water and agrochemical requirements. Washing synthetic clothes implies the shedding of fibres into the wastewater. An estimated 35% of the microplastics entering the ocean come from petroleum-based garments. Low-shed textiles are already available on the market and are expected to maintain integrity and shape longer thanks to reduced material loss. Natural fibres, not treated with synthetic dyes and/or chemical finishes, are expected to degrade faster than microplastics. Both synthetic and natural fibres can be recycled; conversely, blended fibres are often landfilled because their recycling is difficult.  Contamination from, e.g. flame retardants, elastane and water repellents is also a problem. Regulating the content of chemicals in the new textiles is the first instrument to prevent hazardous substances from ending up in recycled products. Documents presented hereafter discuss techniques and ongoing research on recycling polyethylene terephthalate fibres. The design for recycling, discussed in some quoted papers, is aimed at creating products that at end-of-life are easy to disassemble and recycle. An environmental policy transfers the financial responsibility of the end-of-life management of products from the taxpayer to the producer and to the consumer, which is expected to stimulate the circular economy.

Negli ultimi decenni il consumo di prodotti tessili è cresciuto molto rapidamente, con grandi quantità di vestiti a basso costo gettati prematuramente poiché percepiti come fuori moda. La “fast fashion” è basata sul basso costo conseguente, ad esempio, alle basse retribuzioni prevalenti in molti paesi produttori ed a pratiche ambientali poco rispettose dell’ambiente. In certi casi, sussidi governativi mantengono artificialmente basso il prezzo internazionale del cotone. Vestiti durevoli e facilmente riparabili, con stile e colori scelti accuratamente, possono essere utilizzati più a lungo senza essere gettati prematuramente poiché percepiti come fuori moda. Il lago di Aral è in gran parte prosciugato e l’intera area è inquinata, a causa della grande espansione della produzione di cotone che ivi sta continuando a richiedere enormi quantità di acqua e pesticidi. Produrre fibre dalle piante di canapa o di lino implicherebbe un uso assai più ridotto di acqua e prodotti chimici. Il lavaggio dei prodotti tessili implica una perdita di fibre con le acque di scarico. E’ stimato che il 35% delle microplastiche che entrano nei mari proviene da capi d’abbigliamento sintetici. Esistono sul mercato prodotti tessili che rilasciano poche fibre; si suppone che, grazie ad una ridotta perdita di materiale, questi tessuti mantengano più a lungo forma ed integrità. Le fibre naturali, purché non trattate con coloranti sintetici e/o altri prodotti chimici, si degradano più rapidamente delle microplastiche. Sia le fibre naturali che quelle sintetiche possono essere riciclate, mentre è difficile riciclare quelle miste. Anche la contaminazione da, ad es.: ritardanti di fiamma, elastan, o idrorepellenti è indesiderata. Regolamentare il contenuto di sostanze chimiche ammesso nei nuovi prodotti è fondamentale per non averle poi nei tessuti riciclati. L’articolo presenta documenti riguardanti tecniche e ricerche sul riciclaggio di fibre di polietilene tereftalato. Il “design for recycling” è volto a creare prodotti che a fine vita sono facili da disassemblare e riciclare. Una strategia volta a stimolare l’economia circolare, consiste nel trasferire la responsabilità finanziaria della gestione dei prodotti arrivati a fine vita, dai contribuenti a produttori e consumatori. 

 

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online educational resources, fast fashion, Aral Sea catastrophe, hemp, durable garments, reuse, design for recycling / risorse educative online, fast fashion, catastrofe del Mar d'Aral, canapa, indumenti durevoli, riutilizzo, design per il riciclaggio

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v10i3.1785

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