L’IMPATTO DELLA DIAGNOSI DI STERILITÀ E DEI TRATTAMENTI DI PMA SULL’UOMO: UNA RASSEGNA DELLA LETTERATURA \ THE IMPACT OF INFERTILITY DIAGNOSIS AND ART TREATMENTS IN MEN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Questo contributo prende in esame i vissuti e l’adattamento dell’uomo a seguito della diagnosi di sterilità, nonché il suo approccio ai percorsi di PMA e le principali differenze con l’esperienza femminile. In realtà, il principale focus di interesse della maggior parte degli studi risulta essere la componente femminile della coppia mentre è ormai noto come la genitorialità risulti essenziale anche per l’identità maschile e la mancata transizione ad essa possa determinare nell’uomo gravi ricadute in termini di bassa autostima, alterazione dell’immagine corporea, percezione della propria mascolinità. Il lavoro è orientato ad identificare quali componenti psicologiche giocano un ruolo nell’eziologia e nell’adattamento alla sterilità, nonché gli aspetti legati alla necessaria attività di counseling e psicoterapia della coppia sterile o di supporto nel caso della scelta di intraprendere un percorso di procreazione medicalmente assistita (PMA).
The paper analyses men’s life experiences and their psychological adaptation as a consequence of a diagnosis of infertility, with a focus on the main differences with the women’s experiences when approaching the Assisted Reproductive Treatment (ART). The current literature explores several kinds of procreative difficulties and their outcomes, but it is mainly focused on how women live these experiences. As we known, Parenting represents an important life experience even for men, and the failure to the parenthood transition could lead to serious psychological consequences on the male identity (such as: low self-esteem, changes in body image, perception of their masculinity and so on). The article is aimed to identify which psychological components could play an important role in the etiology and adaptation to infertility for both women and men and to highlight the importance of counselling and psychotherapy to support infertility and medically assisted procreation couples.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
References
Aarseth, H. (2009). From modernized masculinity to degendered lifestyle projects. Men and Masculinities, 11, (4): 424-440. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184X06298779.
Agostini F., Monti F., Fagandini P., La Sala G.B. and Blickstein I. (2009). Depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and early parenthood following assisted reproductive technology. Fertility and Sterility, 91 (3) : 851-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.021.
Agostiniani R. (2009). Padri non si nasce, lo si diventa. In Corridori M., Fanos T. e Fanos V. a cura di, Il padre contemporaneo. Quartu S. Elena (CA): Hygeia Press, 27-32.
Ammaniti M., Candelori C., Pola M. e Tambelli R (1995). Maternità e gravidanza. Studio sulle Rappresentazioni materne in gravidanza, Milano: Cortina.
Andolfi M. (2001). Il padre ritrovato. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Andreotti S., Bucci A. e Marozza M.I.(2001). Gravidanza FIVET: rappresentazioni materne ed aspetti psicologici, Psichiatria, Psicoterapia analitica, Retrieved from http://www.psychomedia.it/pm-revs/journals/ppa/articoli/fivet.htm.
Ardenti R. (2011). Sindrome da sterilità: il complesso di inferiorità e la relativa compensazione. Rivista di psicologia individuale, 69: 51-61 .
Badolato G. (1993). Identità paterna e relazione di coppia. Trasformazione dei ruoli genitoriali. Milano: Giuffrè.
Baggio G., Basili S. e Lenzi A. (2014). Medicina di genere. Una nuova sfida per la formazione del medico. Medicina e chirurgia, 62: 2778-2782.
Bartoletti R. (2011). Fertilità, fecondità, sterilità: le dimensioni sociali e culturali di un fenomeno parzialmente sommerso. In Bartoletti R., a cura di, Cultura riproduttiva. Fertilità e sterilità tra comunicazione e prevenzione. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 23-38.
Basten S. (2009). Voluntary childlessness and being childfree. The Future of Human Reproduction, 5: 1-23.
Becker G. (2000). The Elusive Embryo: How women and men approach new reproductive technologies. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.
Boivin J.(2003). A review of psychosocial intervention in infertility. Social Science and Medicine, 57 (12): 2325-2341. DOI10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00138-2.
Boivin J. and Schmidt L.(2005). Infertility-related stress in men and women predicts treatment outcome 1 year later. Fertility and Sterility,83: 1745–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.039.
Bosoni M. L. (2011). Uomini, paternità e lavoro: la questione della conciliazione dal punto di vista maschile. Sociologia e politiche sociali, 14 (3): 63-86.
Boszormenyi-Nagy I. e Spark G.M. (1988). Lealtà invisibili. Le reciprocità nella terapia familiare intergenerazionale. Roma: Astrolabio.
Busciolano S., Degiorgis L., Galli D. e Garavini C.M. a cura di (2013). Paternità e padri: Tra regole e affetti. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Cigoli V. (2013). L’albero della discendenza. Clinica dei corpi familiari, Milano:Cortina.
Clarke A. (1998). Disciplining reproduction: modernity, American life sciences and the problems of sex. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cousineau T.M. and Domar A. (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27:293–308. DOI:10.1016/j.
Crittenden P.M. (2004). CARE-INDEX, In Lambruschi F., a cura di, Psicoterapia cognitiva dell’età evolutiva, Torino: Boringhieri.
Culley L., Hudson N. and Lohan M. (2013). Where are all the men? The marginalization of men in social scientific research on infertility. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 27 (3): 225–235. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.06.009
Daniluk J. C. (1997). Gender and infertility. In Leiblum S.R., editor, Infertility: Psychological issues and counseling strategies. New York: John Wiley, 103-125.
Daniluk J.C. (2001). Reconstructing their lives: a longitudinal, qualitative analysis of the transition to biological childlessness for infertile couples. Journal of Counseling and Development,79, 439-49.
Daniluk J.C. and Koert E. (2012). Childless Canadian men’s and women’s childbearing intentions, attitudes towards and willingness to use assisted human reproduction. Human Reproduction, 27, 2247-2253. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des190.
Dear A.S. and Merali Z. (2002). Infertility and social suffering: the case of ART in developing countries. In E. Vayena, Rowe P. e Griffin P. D., editors, Current practices and controversies in assisted reproduction: report of a WHO meeting. Geneva: World health Organization, 272-280.
Di Vita A.M.e Giannone F., a cura di (2006). La famiglia che nasce, Milano: Franco Angeli.
Donarelli Z., Gullo S., Lo Coco G., Marino A., Scaglione P., Volpes A. and Allegra A. (2015). Assessing infertility-related stress: the factor structure of the Fertility Problem Inventory in Italian couples undergoing infertility treatment. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 36(2), 58–65. DOI.org/10.3109/0167482X.2015.1034268.
Edelmann R.J., Humphrey M. and Owens D. J. (1994). The meaning of parenthood and couples’ reaction to male infertility. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67: 291-299. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1994.tb01797.x
Erikson E. (1984). I cicli della vita. Continuità e mutamenti. Roma: Armando.
Fabrizi A., Gambino G. e Simonelli C. (2007). Aspetti sessuologici della PMA nell'uomo (Sexuological aspects of ART in men), Rivista di Sessuologia Clinica, 1, 5-22.
Fagandini P., Monti F., Agostini F., Fava R. e La Sala G.B. (2006). La complessità della genitorialità: esperienza materna e paterna tra sterilità e procreazione. In La Sala G.B., a cura di, La “normale” complessità di venire al mondo. Milano: Guerini.
Fagandini P., Nicoli A., Paterlini M., Villani M.T. e La Sala G.B. (2012). Aspetti psicologici della coppia e del bambino nella PMA, Retrieved from http://www.stradaperunsogno.com.
Farri Monaco M. e Peila Castellani, P. (1994). Il figlio del desiderio. Quale genitore per l’adozione?. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
Frances-Fischer J.E. and Lightsey O.R. (2003). Parenthood after primary infertility. The Family Journal: counseling and therapy for couples and families, 11 (2): 117-128. DOI: 10.1177/1066480702250153.
Fisher J.R.W., Baker, G.H.W. and Hammarberg K. (2010). Long-term health, well-being, life satisfaction, and attitudes toward parenthood in men diagnosed as infertile: challenges to gender stereotypes and implications for practice. Fertility and Sterility, 94 (2): 574-580. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.165.
Fisher J.R.W. e Hammarberg K. (2012). Psychological and social aspects of infertility in men: an overview of the evidence and implications for psychologically informed clinical care and future research. Asian Journal of Andrology, 14: 121-129. DOI:10.1038/aja.2011.72.
Gambini P. (2007). Psicologia della famiglia. La prospettiva sistemico-relazionale. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Gameiro S., Boivin J., Peronace L. and Verhaak C.M. (2012). Why do patients discontinue fertility treatment? A systematic review of reasons and predictors of discontinuation in fertility treatment. Human Reproduction,18:652–69. DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12169.
Gannon K., Glover L. and Abel P. (2004). Masculinity, infertility, stigma and media reports. Social Science & Medicine, 59: 1169-1175. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.015.
Gillespie R. (2000). When no means no: Disbelief, disregard and deviance as discourses of voluntary childlessness. Women’s Studies International Forum, 23 (2): 223-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-5395(00)00076-5.
Goodwin R. (2009). Changing Relations. Achieving Intimacy in a Time of Social Transition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Greil A.L. (1991). Not yet pregnant: Infertile couples in contemporary America. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Greil A.L. (1997). Infertility and psychological distress: A critical review of the literature. Social Science & Medicine, 45: 1679-1704.
Hielmstedt A., Windstorm A.M., Wramsby K., Matthiesen A.S. and Collis A. (2003). Personality factors and emotional responses to pregnancy among IVF couples in early pregnancy: a comparative study. Acta Obstetricia and Gynecologica Scandinavica, 82, 12, 1067-1176. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00224.x.
Hodgekiss A. (2013). Men without children are ‘more depressed and sad’ than childless women Daily Mail Online. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2302954/Men-children depressed-sad-childless-women.html.
Holter H., Anderheim L., Bergh C. and Moller A.(2006). First IVF treatment short-term impact on psychological well-being and the marital relationship. Human Reproduction, 21:3295–302. DOI: 10.5455/cutf.25593.
Inhorn M.C., Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T., Goldberg H. and la Cour Mosegaard M., editors (2009). Reconceiving the Second Sex: Men, masculinity and reproduction. New York: Berghahn Books.
Klock S.C., Jacob M.C. and Maier D. (1994). A prospective study of donor insemination recipients: secrecy, privacy and disclosure. Fertility and Sterility, 62,3, 477-484.
Laborie F. (2000). Gender-base management of new reproductive technologies: a comparison between in Vitro fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. In Saetnan A.R., Oudshoorn N. and Kirejczyk M.S.M., Editors, Bodies of technology: women’s involvement with Reproductive Medicine. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
La Sala G.B., Gallinelli A. and Fagandini P. (2004). Development outcomes at one and two years of children conceived by Intracytoplasmatic Sperm Injection. International Journal of Fertility and Women’s medicine, 49 (3): 113-119.
La Sala G.B., a cura di (2006). La “normale” complessità di venire al mondo. Milano: Guerini.
Malik S. and Coulson N. (2008). The male experience of infertility: a thematic analysis of an online infertility support group bulletin board. Journal of Reproduction and Infant Psychology, 26, 18-30.
Marsiglio W., Lohan M. and Culley L. (2013). Framing men’s experience in the procreative realm. Journal of Family Issues, 34 (8): 1011-1036. DOI 10.1177/0192513X13484260.
Meerabeau L. (1991). Husbands’ participation in fertility treatment: they also serve who only stand and wait. Sociology of Health Illness, 13, 396-410. DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.06.009.
Ministero della Salute (2015). Infertilità e sterilità. Testo disponibile al sito: http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/temi/p2_6.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=755&area=Salute%20donna&menu=sessuale, data di consultazione Febbraio 2016.
Moura-Ramos M., Gameiro S., Canavarro M.C., Soares I. and Santos T.A. (2012). The indirect effect of contextual factors on the emotional distress of infertile couples. Psychology & Health, 27 (5): 533-549. DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.598231.
Mueller K.A. and Yoder, J.D. (1999). Stigmatization of Non-Normative Family Size Status. Sex Roles, 41: 901-919. DOI: 10.1023/A:1018836630531.
Nachtigall R., Becker G. and Wozny M. (1992). The effects of gender-specific diagnosis on men's and women’s response to infertility. Fertility and Sterility. 57, 113-121. DOI:10.1080/01639625.1985.9967686.
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (2012). Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems (update). London: RCOG Press. Retrieved from: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/12157/59278/59278.pdf.
Parker R. and Alexander M. (2004), Factors influencing men's and women's decision about having children. Family Matters, 69, pp. 24-31.
Peterson B.D., Gold L. and Feingold T. (2007). The experience and influence of infertility: considerations for couple counselors. The Family Journal: counseling and therapy for couples and families, 15 (3): 251-257. DOI: 10.1177/1066480707301365.
Peterson B.D., Newton C.R., Rosen K.H. and Skaggs G.E. (2006). Gender differences in how men and women who are referred for IVF cope with infertility stress. Human Reproduction, 21 (9): 2443–2449. DOI:10.1093/humrep/del145.
Raciti I. (2016). Neopadri “ipermoderni”: la transizione alla paternità e la Depressione Perinatale Paterna. Un contributo di ricerca. Tesi di laurea non pubblicata.
Riccardi E. e Monti F., a cura di (2003). Procreazione Medicalmente Assistita. Incontri di professionalità diverse tra i sintomi del corpo e i desideri della mente, Bologna: Grafiche.
Roberts E., Metcalfe A., Jack M. and Tough S.C. (2011). Factors that influence the childbearing intentions of Canadian men. Human Reproduction, 26, 1202-1208. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der007.
Ruspini E. e Zajczyk F. (2008). I nuovi padri: Mutamenti della paternità in Italia e in Europa. Milano: Baldini Castoldi Dalai.
Salerno A. (2010). Contesti di genitorialità a rischio. In Salerno A., Vivere insieme. Tendenze e trasformazioni della coppia moderna. Bologna: Il Mulino, 25-59.
Salmela-Aro K. e Suikkari A.M. (2008). Letting go of your dreams - Adjustment of child-related goal appraisals and depressive symptoms during infertility treatment. Journal of Research in Personality, 42 (4): 988-10003. DOI: 988-1003. :10.1016/j.jrp.2008.02.007.
Sandelowski M. and de Lacey S. (2002). The uses of ‘disease’: infertility as a rhetorical vehicle, In: Inhorn M.C., van Balen F., editors, Infertility around the Globe: new thinking on Childlessness, gender and reproductive technologies: a view from the Social Sciences. Berkeley: University of California Press (pp. 33-51).
Schmidt L., Holstein B.E., Boivin J., Tjørnhøj Thomsen T., Blaabjerg J., Hald F., Rasmussen P.E. and Nyboe Andersen A. (2003). Patients’ attitudes to medical and psychosocial aspects of care in fertility clinics: findings from the Copenhagen Multi-centre Psychosocial Infertility (COMPI) Research Programme. Human Reproduction,18:2628-2646. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg50.
Skakkebaek N., Giwercman A. and de Kretser D. (1994). Pathogenesis and management of male infertility. Lancet,343, 1473-9.
Sundby J. (1999) Sad Not to Have Children, Happy to Be Childless: A Personal and Professional Experience of Infertility. Reproductive Health Matters, 7 (13): 13-19. DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(99)90107-6
Tanturri M.L. (2006). Le donne senza figli: una tela cubista. In F. Ongaro a cura di, Scelte riproduttive tra costi, valori, opportunità. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 109-130.
Throsby K. and Gill R. (2004). It’s different for men. Masculinity and IVF. Men and Masculinities, 6 (4), 330-348. DOI: 10.1177./1097184X03260958.
van Balen F. (2002). The psychologization of infertility, In: Inhorn M.C., van Balen F., editors, Infertility around the Globe: new thinking on childlessness, gender and reproductive technologies: a view from the social sciences. Berkeley: University of California Press (pp. 79-98).
Vegetti Finzi S.(1997).Volere un figlio. La nuova maternità tra natura e scienza, Milano: Mondadori.
Ventimiglia C. (1994). Di padre in padre. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v0i0.46
Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandra Salerno, Aluette Merenda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Copyright © 2016 - 2023. European Journal Of Social Sciences Studies (ISSN 2501-8590) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.
