THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ONLINE RETAIL SECTOR IN MALAYSIA – THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOUR

Kumaran Kanapathipillai, Aida Binti Shaari, Nur Nadiah Mahbob

Abstract


Fundamentally, all employees can recognise the objectives they want to achieve and plan changes they want to implement in an organisation to attain better job performance. However, most employees also understand that commissioning these plans into reality is not easy. Psychologists have identified that workers' self-efficacy plays a significant role in tackling tasks and challenges in organisations. This research illuminates current situations regarding the significance of self-efficacy on employees' job performance in the online retail sector in Malaysia. A total of 511 employees attached to the online retail sector provided the data for this research. Additionally, in-depth literature was assessed, revealing the relationship between self-efficacy, innovative behaviour, and job performance. Moreover, the intervening effect of innovative behaviour on the relationship between self-efficacy and employees' job performance was also investigated to verify the research hypothesis. The findings of this research established a statistically significant relationship between self-efficacy and innovative behaviour as well as employees' job performance. Conclusively, the hypothesis is supported by data and illustrated that innovative behaviour statistically mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and employees' job performance in the online retail sector in Malaysia. This study also validates that employees who have high self-efficacy are willing to embrace innovative behaviour, which then leads to enhanced job performance. In conclusion, self-efficacy with the intervention of innovative behaviour can heighten the employees' job performance in the online retail sector in Malaysia.

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


self-efficacy, innovative behaviour, job performance, online retail sector

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdalkrim, G. M. (2013). The Impact of strategic planning activities on private sector organization’s performance in Sudan: An Empirical Research. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(10), doi:10.5539/ijbm.v8n10p134.

Abdullah, N. H., Wahab, E., & Shamsuddin, A. (2019). Creative self-efficacy, innovative work behaviour and job performance among selected manufacturing employees. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(2), 291 – 297.

Abstein, A., & Spieth, P. (2014). Exploring HRM meta-features that foster employees’ innovative work behavior in times of increasing work–life conflict. Journal of Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(2), 211–225.

Abun, D., Nicolas, M. T., Apollo, E., Magallanes, T., & Encarnacion, M. J. (2021). Employees’ self-efficacy and work performance of employees as mediated by work environment. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(7), 01–15. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i7.1470

Afsar, B., Badir, Y. F., & Bin Saeed, B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(8), 1270-1300.

Agarwal, U. A. (2014). Linking justice, trust and innovative work behavior to work engagement. Journal of Personnel Review, 43(1), 41–73.

Agu, O. L. (2015). Work engagement, organizational commitment, self-efficacy and organizational growth: A literature review. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 6(1), 1–16.

Aime, F., Dyne, L. V., & Petrenko, O. V. (2011). Role innovation through employee social network: The embedded nature of role and their effect on job satisfaction and career success. Organisational Psychology Review, 1(4), 339–361. doi:10.1177/2041386611411230.

Aisyah, F. (2020). CMCO — retailers to cut 60,000 jobs by year-end. The Malaysian Reserve, November 26, 2020. Retrieved from: https://themalaysianreserve.com

Al-Omari, M. A., Choo, L. S., & Ali, M. A. M. (2019). innovative work behaviour: A review of literature. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23(2), 38-47.

Alghamdi, A., Karpinski, A. C., Lepp, A., & Barkley, J. (2020). Online and face-to-face classroom multitasking and academic performance: Moderated mediation with self-efficacy for self-regulated learning and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.018.

Ali, K. A. M., & Buang, M. (2016). Study on factors that influence innovation in Malaysian public sector. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies ISSN, 4(1), 60–73.

Baird, N. (2018). What digital transformation actually means for retail. Forbes. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikkibaird/2018

Balkar, B. (2015). The relationships between organizational climate, innovative behavior and job performance of teachers. International Online Journal of Educational Science, 7(2): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2015.02.007

Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: Moderating role of self-efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7),655– 670.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy in Changing Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. http://doi:0.1111/1467-839X.00024

Bandura, A. (2005). The evolution of social cognitive theory. In K.G. Smith & M.A. Hitt (Eds.) Great Minds in Management. (p.1) Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bandura, A. (2012). On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited. Journal of Management, 38, 9–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410606

Bani Melhem, S., Abukhait, R., & Mohd-Shamsudin, F. (2020). Does job stress affect innovative behaviors? Evidence from Dubai five-star hotels. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 19. 1-24. http://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1737769

Bargsted, M., Ramírez-Vielma, R., & and Yeves, J. (2019). Professional self-efficacy and job satisfaction: The mediator role of work design. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (2019). https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a18.

Belogolovsky, E., & Somech, A. (2010). Teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior: Examining the boundary between in-role behavior and extra-role behavior from the perspective of teachers, principals and parents. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 914– 923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.032

Bhave, A., Biggs, C., Burggraaff, P., Loftus, B., & Pathak, S. (2018). Accelerating digital innovation in retail. The Boston Consulting Group. Retrieved May 12, 2019, from http://image-src.bcg.com/Images/BCG-Accelerating-Digital-Innovationin-Retail-June-2018_tcm9-194430.pdf

Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G., & Mol, M. J. (2008). Management innovation. Academy of Management Review, 33, 825–845.

Bos-Nehles, A., Renkema, M., & Janssen, M. (2017). HRM and innovative work behaviour: a systematic literature review. Personnel Review, 46(7) 1228-1253. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2016-0257

Camison, C., & Villar-Lopez, A. (2014). Organisational Innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2891-2902.

Carlucci, D., Mura, M. & Schiuma, G. (2020). Fostering employees; innovative work behaviour in healthcare organisations. International Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2).

Carter, W. R., Nesbit, P. L., Badham, R. J., Parker, S. K. and Sung, L.-K. (2016). The effects of employee engagement and self-efficacy on job performance: A longitudinal field study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244096

Chang, C. H., Ferris, L., Johnson, R. E., Rosen, C. C., & Tan, J. A. (2012). Core self-evaluation: A review and evaluation of the literature, Journal of Management, 38(1), 81–128.

Cherian, J., & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of self-efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80-88.

Chew, J. (2018). History of e-Commerce in Malaysia. Borneo Post Online. Retrieved from: http://theborneopost.com

Chiang, Y., Hsu, C., & Hung, K. (2014). Core self-evaluation and workplace creativity. Journal of Business Research, 67. 1405-1413.

Chinna, K. & Yuen, C.W. (2015). Statistical Analysis Using SPSS. (2nd ed.). Pearson Malaysia.

de Jong, J. P. J. (2007). Individual innovation: The connection between leadership and employees’ innovative work behavior. Unpublished Dissertation, PhD, University of Amsterdam, Zoetermeer.

De Jong, J. P., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative work behavior: Measurement and validation. EIM Business and Policy Research, 1–27.

De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., De Witte, H., Niesen, W., & Van Hootegem, G. (2014). On the relation of job insecurity, job autonomy, innovative work behaviour and the mediating effect of work engagement. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(3), 318–330.

Dorner, N. (2012). Innovative work behavior, The roles of employee expectations and effects on job performance. University of St. Gallen.

Dorner, N., Gassmann, O., & Morhart, F. (2012). Innovative work behavior: The roles of employee expectations and effects on job performance (Doctoral dissertation).

Farr, J., & Ford, C. (1990). Individual innovation. In M. A. West & J. L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organisational strategies. New York: Wiley, 63-80.

Fatemeh, H., Farid, H., Nazari, M., & Nair, P. K. (2016). Importance of commitment in encouraging employees’ innovative behaviour. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 1–25.

Fitzgerald, S. & Schutee, N. S. (2010). Transformational leadership through enhancing self-efficacy. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 495–505.

Gist, M. E. (1989). The influence of training method on self-efficacy and idea generation among managers. Personnel Psychology, 42, 787-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1989.tb00675.x

Gravetter, F. & Wallnau, L. (2014). Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences. (8th ed.), Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Guha, S., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). Relationship between self-efficacy and work performance: An analytical study. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 9(1), 2145- 2151.

Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., Kilic, K., & Alpkan, L. (2011). Effects of innovation types on firm performance. Journal of Scientific research 11(101), 662-676.

Hsiao, H., J. Chang, J., Tu, Y., & Chen, S. (2011). The impact of self-efficacy on innovative work behavior for teachers. International. Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(1), 31–36.

Hamid, R. A., Rahid, M. R., & Hamid, S. N. A. (2020). The effects of employee participation in creative-relevant process and creative self-efficacy on employee creativity. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 16 (2), 179-191

Hasan, M. Z., Hossain, M. T., & Islam, M. A. (2014). Factors affecting self-efficacy towards academic performance: A study on polytechnic students in Malaysia. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(9 SPEC. ISSUE 4), 695–705.

Hashim, K. L. (2020). Factors influencing innovative work behaviour (IWB) of civil servants in Malaysian public service organisations: A conceptual study. Asian Journal of Research in Business and Management, 2(2), 187 – 196.

Herzberg, F. H., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. S. (1959). The motivation to work. John Wiley and Sons.

Hill, T., Smith, N. D., & Mann, M. F. (1987). Role of efficacy expectations in predicting the decision to use advanced technologies: The case of computers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 307-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.307

Hirschmann, R. (2021). Participation rate in online sales events Malaysia 2019. http://statista.com

Hosseini, S., & Shirazi, H. Z. R. (2021). Towards teacher innovative work behavior: A conceptual model. Cogent Education, 8(1).

Imran, R., Fatima, A., Zaheer, A., Yousaf, I., & Batool, I. (2012). How to boost employee performance: Investigating the influence of transformational leadership and work environment in a Pakistani Perspective. Journal of Scientific Research, 11(10), 1455-1462.

Janssen, O. (2004). How fairness perceptions make innovative behavior more or less stressful. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 201-215.

Janssen, O., Van, D. V. E. and West, M. (2004). The bright and dark sides of individual and group innovation, A special issue introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 129–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.242

Jiang, W. & Gu, Q. (2017). Leader creativity expectations motivate employee creativity, A moderated mediation examination. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(5), 724–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1109535

Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92. http://doi:10.1037//0021-9010.86.1.80

Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B. A., & Rich, B. L. (2007). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences. Journal of applied psychology, 92(1), 107-127. http://doi:10.1037/00 21-9010.92.1.107

Kanapathipillai, K. (2021). The impact of training and innovation on organisational performance in hospitality industry in Malaysia: Job satisfaction as mediator. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies 5(2), 86-121.

Kanter, R. M. (1983). The Change Masters. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a thousand flowers bloom: structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organizations. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 10, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 69-211.

Kim & Koo, D. W. (2017). Linking LMX, engagement, innovative behavior, and job performance in hotel employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(12): 3044–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2016-0319

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational & Psychological Measurement.

Kumar, R. (2010). Investigating the effects of self-efficacy on innovativeness and the moderating impact of cultural dimensions. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, 4(1), 1–15.

Liu, J. (n.d.). The relationship between self-efficacy and individual performance: the roles of knowledge hiding and perceived performance climate. Master Thesis.

Lunenburg, F. (2011). Self-efficacy in the workplace: management. Academy of Management Review, 12(3).

Machmud, S. (2018). The influence of self-efficacy on satisfaction and work-related performance. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 4(4), 43-47.

Mielniczuk, E., & Laguna, M. (2020). Positive affect mediates the relationship between self‐ efficacy and innovative behavior in entrepreneurs. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(2), 267-278.

Mitchell, T. R., Hopper, H., Daniels, D., George-Falvy, J., & James, L. R. (1994). Predicting self-efficacy and performance during skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 506-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.506

Muhtadi, A., Hilmi, I. L., Supriyatna, K. A. P., Widianto, S. & Abdulah, R. (2013). Hospital pharmacist’s employee engagement fully mediate the organization culture to their innovative behavior and individual performance. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 23(1), 183–90.

Mutonyi, B. R., Slatten, T., & Lien, G. (2020). Empowering leadership, work group cohesiveness, individual learning orientation and individual innovative behaviour in the public sector: empirical evidence from Norway. International Journal of Public Leadership, 16(2), 175-197. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-07-2019-0045

Naseri, R. N. N., Ahmad, N. Z. A, Shariff, S., Hussin, H., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Issues and challenges of online shopping activities on the impact of corona pandemic: A study on Malaysia retail industry. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(10), 7682-7686.

Natorina, A. (2019). Online retailers’ innovation activity: Digital age. Revista Espacios, 40(35), 25. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a19v40n35/a19v40n35p25.pdf

Nielsen. (2013). Continuous innovation: the key to retail success https://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/eu/nielseninsights/pdfs.

Okpara, J. O. (2004). The impact of salary differential on managerial job satisfaction: A study of the gender gap and its implications for management education and practice in a developing economy. Journal of Business in Developing Nations,8, 65–91.

Oldham, G. R. & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity, Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/256657

Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607–634.

Osman, S., Shariff, S.H., & Lajin, M. N. A. (2016). Does innovation contribute to employee performance? Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 219(2016), 571-579.

Pantano, E. (2016). Benefits and risks associated with time choice of innovating in retail settings. International journal of retail & distribution management, 44(1), 58-70.

Parimita, W., Purwana, D., Fadillah, N., Zahra, S. F., & Suparno (2020). The effect of self-efficacy and communication skills on employee performance and work engagement at online transportation companies. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(1), 1376-1388. Retrieved from: http://www.ijicc.net.

Park, S., Tseng, Y., & Kim, S. (2016). The impact of innovation on job satisfaction: Evidence from U.S. Federal Agencies. Asian Social Sciences, 12(1), 274-286.

Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36, 633–662.

Parviainen, P., Tihinen, M., Kaariainen, J., & Teppola, S. (2017). Tackling the digitalization challenge: how to benefit from digitalization in practice. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 5(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm050104

Piercy, N. F., Cravens, D. W., Lane, N., & Vorhies, D. W. (2006). Driving organizational citizenship behaviors and salesperson in-role behavior performance: The role of management control and perceived organizational support. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,34, 244 – 262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070305280532

Pradhan, S., & Jena, L. K. (2019). Does meaningful work explain the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour? The Journal for Decision Makers, 44(1), 30–40.

Priporas, C. V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. (2017). Generation Z consumers’ expectations of interactions in smart retailing: a future agenda. Computers in human behaviour, 77, 374-381.

Purnama Y. H., Tjahjono H. K., Elqadri Z. M., & Prajogo W. (2021) Innovative work behavior: The role of self-efficacy and organizational climates. In: Barolli L., Poniszewska-Maranda A., Enokido T. (eds) Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems. CISIS 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1194. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50454-0_49

Rafiola, R. H., Setyosari, P., Radjah, C. L., & Ramli, M. (2020). The effect of learning motivation, self-efficacy, and blended learning on students’ achievement in the industrial revolution 4.0. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(8), 71.

Ratih, H., Ana, A, Asnul, D. M., & Thospon, S. (2020). Model of purchase impulsive behaviour of online consumers: Case in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7), 290- 298.

Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance,23, 717–725.

Richter, A. W., Hirst, G., Van, K. D., & Baer, M. (2012). Creative self-efficacy and individual creativity in team contexts, Cross-level interactions with team informational resources. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6): 1282–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029359

Rostami, A. S., & Branch, N. (2011). Impact of innovation and creativity on productivity enhancement of employees in Isfahan Telecommunications Company, 359-365.

Robbins, S. P., & Timothy, A. J. (2013). Organizational behavior. Inggris: Pearson Educational Limited. Inggris: Pearson Educational Limited, 2013.

Sadikoglu, E., & Zehir, C. (2010). Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish Firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 127(1), 13-26.

Samma, M., Zhao, Y., Rasool, S.F., Han, X., & Ali, S. (2020). Exploring the relationship between innovative work behavior, job anxiety, workplace ostracism, and workplace incivility: Empirical evidence from small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Healthcare 2020, 8(4), 1-15. http://doi:10.3390/healthcare8040508

Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607.

Shahzadi, K., & Khurram, S. (2020). Self-efficacy and innovative work behavior: The role of individual ambidexterity and formalization at work place in Pakistan. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 57(1), 31.

Somers, M. J., & Birnbaum, D. (1998). Work-related commitment and job performance: It’s also the nature of the performance that counts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379

Song, J. H., Chai, D. S., Kim, J., & Bae, S. H. (2018). Job performance in the learning organization: The mediating impacts of self-efficacy and work engagement. Performance Management Quarterly, 30(4), 249–271.

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.

Stajkovic, A., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 240-261. http://doi:10.1037/00332909.1 24.2.240

Statista. 2020. Frequency of online purchases during COVID-19 pandemic Malaysia 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics

Su, W., Lin, X., & Ding, H. (2019). The influence of supervisor developmental feedback on employee innovative behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(July), 1–12.

Suryani, I., Armia, S., Halimatussakdiah, H., Mahdani, M., Zuhra, S. E., & Nasir, N. (2019). How intrinsic motivation and innovative work behavior affect job performance? Proceedings of the 1st Aceh Global Conference 292(Agc), 606–612. https://doi.org/10.2991/agc-18.2019.91

Syahirah, S. J. (2020). Over two-thirds of Malaysians now more comfortable shopping online after Covid-19. The edge markets. Retrieved from: https://www.theedgemarkets.com

The Jamovi Project (2021). Jamovi (Version 2.0.1) [Computer Software]. https://www.jamovi.org

Tims, M., B. Bakker, A., & Derks, D. (2014). Daily job crafting and the self-efficacy performance relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(5), 490-507. http://doi:10.1108/JMP-05-2012-0148

Tinofirei, C. (2011). The unique factor affecting employee performance in non-profit organisations. Dissertation, University of South Africa. http://uir.unisa.ac.za.

Tran, K. T., Nguyen, P. V., & Nguyen, L. M. (2018). The role of financial slack, employee creative self-efficacy and learning orientation in innovation and organizational performance. Administrative Sciences, 8, 82.

Triantoro, S. (2013). Effects of self-efficacy on students’ academic performance, Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 2(1), 22-29.

Umashankar, N., Srinivasan, R., & Hindman, D. (2011). Developing customer service innovations for service employees: The effects of NSD characteristics on Internal innovation Magnitude. Journal of service Research, 14(2), 164-179.

United Nations. (2020). Pandemic has forever changed online shopping; UN-backed survey reveals. Retrieved from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1074982

van Zyl, L. E., van Oort, A., Rispens, S., & Olckers, C. (2019). Work engagement and task performance within a global Dutch ICT-consulting firm: The mediating role of innovative work behaviors. Current Psychology. 1-12.

Varshney, D., & Varshney N. K. (2017). Measuring the impact of trust on job performance and self-efficacy in a project: evidence from Saudi Arabia. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(5), 841–850.

Vitapamoorthy, R., Mahmood, R., & Som, H. M. (2021). The role of self-efficacy and innovative behaviour in civil servants’ work performance: A conceptual paper. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(3), 749 – 761.

Walker, R. M., Damanpour, F., & Devece, C. A. (2010). Management innovation and organisational performance. The mediating effect of performance management. Journal of public Administration Research and theory, 21(2), 367-386.

Wei, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2020). How does entrepreneurial self-efficacy influence innovation behavior? Exploring the mechanism of job satisfaction and zhongyong thinking. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 708. http://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00708

Wen, Q., Wu, Y., & Long, J. (2021). Influence of ethical leadership on employees’ innovative behavior: The role of organization-based self-esteem and flexible human resource management. Sustainability, 13(3), 1359.

Wojtczuk-Turek, A., & Turek, D. (2015). Innovative behaviour in the workplace: The role of HR flexibility, individual flexibility and psychological capital: The case of Poland. European Journal of Innovation Management, 18(3), 397-419. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-03-2014-0027

Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(3), 407.

Wood, R., Bandura, A., & Bailey, T. (1990). Mechanisms governing organizational performance in complex decision-making environments. Organizational behavior and human decision process, 46, 181-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(90)90028-8

Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323–342.

Zahra’, T. T., & Waheed, A. (2017). Influence of ethical leadership on innovative work behavior: Examination of individual-level psychological mediators. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 11(2), 448–470.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejhrms.v5i3.1188

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.

Copyright © 2017-2023. European Journal Of Human Resource Management Studies (ISSN 2601-1972) is a registered trademark. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and  Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.