MEDIA LITERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY - INTERNATIONAL BASICS AND CITIZENSHIP PRACTICES

Nilüfer Pembecioğlu

Abstract


Media is becoming very strategic and dynamic as if it’s a different world. Taking its roots from the cultural and technological changes and demands, on one hand media is developing, making up new channels, concepts, fashions, designs and constructions reaching each and every individual in the world and on the other hand, it changes the lives of the people and societies, presenting the facts in a different way, concentrating on the attitudes and life styles and representing them partially, triggering the expectations. This partial or whole change of media finds new ways of producing materials, creating new presentation and representation styles, providing new products, making it all different from the past. Not only the content but also the context and channels are changing rapidly; thematic, individualized and a highly liquid media is flowing all around the world. However, all the change of media sounds nonsense if it cannot create a media literate and civic society. This study aims to question the media literacy providing media and citizenship examples that makes it possible as a civic practice. As in the new media age, the individuals and society seem to be more than ready to make sacrifices for concepts like democracy and citizenship. This type of new media and new media literacy types bring up the new intergenerational, interdependent and global citizenship issues covering each and every individual, providing them new identities and new independency areas. Thus new media is mostly interpreted as a tool of democracy and freedom implementing ways of the voicing the voiceless and increasing the choices, doubling the number of the media channels, changing rules of media ownership, changing the rules and opportunities of accessibility and providing multiple identities to the participants of this new and rich world. Thus, everyday people are now not only labeled as the audiences but also become a part of the public opinion, contributing to the media as the producers, managers, distributers, disseminating the information in hand, etc. However, it’s just time to think about the media literacy and different type of media literacies.

Medya, sanki farklı bir dünya gibi, çok stratejik ve dinamik bir hale geliyor. Köklerini kültürel ve teknolojik değişimlerden ve taleplerden alarak, bir yandan medya gelişiyor, yeni kanallar, kavramlar, modalar, tasarımlar ve dünyadaki her bireye ulaşan yapılar oluşturuyor ve diğer yandan ise gerçekleri farklı bir biçimde sunan, tutum ve yaşam tarzlarına odaklanan ve onları kısmen temsil eden, beklentileri tetikleyen şekilde bireylerin, toplumların hayatlarını değiştiriyor. Bu kısmi ya da genel medya değişimi, materyal üretmenin, yeni sunum ve sunum biçimlerini yaratmanın, yeni ürünler sunmanın, geçmişten farklı kılmanın yeni yollarını bulmakta. Yalnızca içerik değil, içerik ve kanallar ve mecra da hızla değişmekte; tüm dünyada tematik, bireyselleştirilmiş ve oldukça akışkan bir medya dolaşımda. Ancak, medya okuryazarlığı ve sivil toplum oluşturamadığında, medyanın tüm bu değişimi anlamsız olacak. Bu çalışma, medya okuryazarlığı ile sivil vatandaşlık uygulamalarını mümkün kılan vatandaşlık örnekleri sunan medya okuryazarlığını sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Yeni medya çağında olmanın verdiği güçle, bireyler ve toplum, demokrasi ve vatandaşlık gibi kavramlar için fedakarlık yapmaya hazır görünüyor. Bu tür yeni medya ve yeni medya okuryazarlığı türleri, her bir bireyi kapsayan yeni nesiller arası, birbirine bağımlı ve küresel vatandaşlık konularını gündeme getirmekte ve onlara yeni kimlikler ve yeni bağımsızlık alanları sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle yeni medya çoğunlukla, sesi olmayanların sesi olan ve seçimleri zenginleştiren, medya kanalı sayılarını arttıran, medya sahipliği kurallarını değiştiren, erişilebilirlik kurallarını ve olanaklarını değiştirebilen ve bu yeni ve zengin dünyanın katılımcılarına çoklu kimlikler sunabilen bir demokrasi ve özgürlük aracı olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Bu yüzden, günümüzde insanlar artık sadece izleyici kitlesi olarak etiketlenmiyor, medyaya yapımcılar, yöneticiler, dağıtıcılar olarak katkıda bulunup, ellerindeki bilgiyi dağıtıma sunarak aynı zamanda kamuoyunun bir parçası haline geliyorlar. Bununla birlikte, medya okuryazarlığı ve farklı medya okuryazarlıkları hakkında düşünmenin tam zamanı.

 

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literacy, media literacy, citizenship / okuryazarlık, medya okuryazarlığı, vatandaşlık

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.2765

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