EXPLORING INTRINSIC LEISURE MOTIVATIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Ali Selman Özdemir

Abstract


The aim of the study to determine the intrinsic leisure motivation level of university students and to evaluate the relationship and differences between some variables. 739 university students from different fields participated in the study and the data were collected with “Intrinsic Leisure Motivation Scale’’ developed by Weissinger and Bandalos (1995), adapted to Turkish which consists of 5 sub-dimensions and 23 items by Özdemir, Ayyıldız Durhan and Karaküçük (2020). Descriptive statistics, independent one-sample test, one-way ANOVA test and Tukey (HSD-LSD) test were used for data analysis. In this study, the intrinsic consistency coefficient of .83 for Competence-Challenge, .86 for Self-Determination, .77 for Commitment, .71 for Identification and .70 for Amotivation were obtained. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the intrinsic leisure motivation scores of the university students were above the average values (111.71 ± 21.00) for this sample group. The lowest average (13.76 ± 4.32) was obtained. Significant relationships and differences were determined according to gender, the field of study, school year and perceived welfare levels of the participants. According to this, a significant difference was found in favor of men according to the Identification sub-dimension and in favor of women according to Amotivation sub-dimension. When the differences between the learning fields and the measurement tool were examined, it was observed that sports science students showed higher ILM in all significant differences than the students in other learning fields. In the perceived welfare variable, it was found that the participants who perceived welfare levels as normal had higher levels of intrinsic leisure motivation than the other participants. At the same time, it can be said that the motivation for intrinsic leisure time increases as the school year increases. As a result of the research, it can be stated that the level of intrinsic leisure motivation of university students is high and variables such as gender, education field and year, perceived welfare level differ.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


intrinsic motivation, leisure motivation, university students

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alexandris, K. (2013). Segmenting recreational tennis players according to their involvement level: a psychographic profile based on constraints and motivation, Managing Leisure, 18:3, 179-193.

Baldwin, C. K. & Caldwell, L. L. (2003). Development of the Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents, Journal of Leisure Research, 35:2, 129-151.

Beard, J. G. & Ragheb, M. G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 3, 219-228.

Beggs, B. A., Stitt, J. E., & Elkins, D. J. (2004). Leisure Motivation of Participants and Nonparticipants in Campus Recreational Sports Programs. Recreational Sports Journal, 28(1), 65–77.

Caldwell, L. L. (2005). Recreation and youth development. In P. A. Witt & L. L. Caldwell Recreation and youth development (pp. 169-192). State College, PA: Venture.

Caldwell, L., Patrick, M., Smith, E., Pale, L. and Wegner, L. (2010). Influencing adolescent leisure motivation: Intervention effects of health wise South Africa. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(2): 203–220.

Chang, J., & Hsieh, A. T. (2006). Leisure motives of eating out in night markets. Journal of Business Research, 59, 1276-1278.

Chen, M., Xue, S., Shi, Y. (2018). Leisure activities and leisure motivations of Chinese residents. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0206740.

Cooper, N., Schuett, P. A., & Phillips, H. M. (2012). Examining intrinsic motivations in campus intramural sports. Recreational Sports Journal, 36, 25-36.

Crandall, R. (1980). Motivations for leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 45–54.

Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.

Fawcett, L. M., Garton, A. F. & Dandy, J. (2009). Role of motivation, self-efficacy and parent support in adolescent structured leisure activity participation, Australian Journal of Psychology, 61:3, 175-182.

Frederick, C. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16(3), 124–146.

Gill, D., Gross, J., & Huddleston, S. (1983). Participation motivation in youth sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 14, 1-14.

Godbey, G. (1994). Leisure in your life: An exploration. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Gungormus, H. A., (2012). The Study of Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Leisure Motivation Scale, Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 4(3), p.p. 1209-1216.

Gürbüz, B., Aşçı, F. H., Çelebi, M. (2006). The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure, 9th International Sport Sciences Congress, 1044, 3-5 November, Muğla, Turkey.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. & Allen, J. R. (1982). The dynamics of leisure motivation: The effects of outcome on leisure needs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, 2, 141-149.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1989). Motivation for leisure. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future (pp. 247–279). State College, PA: Venture.

Iso-Ahola, S. (1999). Motivational foundations of leisure. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century (pp. 35-51). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.

Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R. C. (1999). Situational and personality influences on intrinsically motivated leisure behavior: Interaction effects and cognitive processes. Leisure Sciences, 21, 287-306.

Kanters, M. A. & Forrester, S. (1997). The motivations and self-esteem of intramural sports participants. NIRSA Journal, 21, 3-7.

Kim, J. H., Brown, S. L. & Yang, H. (2019). Types of leisure, leisure motivation, and well-being in university students, World Leisure Journal, 61:1, 43-57

Kim, K. and Trail, G. (2010). Constraints and motivators: A new model to explain sport consumer behavior. Journal of Sport Management, 24(2): 190–210.

Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55, 170-183.

Mutlu, İ. (2008). Egzersiz Yapan Kişilerin Boş Zamanlarına Yönelik Tutumları Üzerine bir Araştırma (Kayseri İli Örneği), Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde.

Özdemir, A. S., Ayyıldız Durhan, T. & Karaküçük, S. (2020). İçsel Boş Zaman Motivasyonu Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, (forthcoming).

Özdemir, A. S., Büyüköztürk, Ş. & Karaküçük, S. (2016). Explaining destination choices based upon recreational opportunities through intrinsic and extrinsic travel motivations. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 3002-3021.

Ramos, W. D., Anderson, A. R., & Lee, D. (2018). Collegiate Club Swimming: An Examination of Leisure Motivations. Recreational Sports Journal, 42(1), 75–89.

Roark, M. and Ellis, G. (2009). Effect of self-determination theory-based strategies for staging recreation encounters on intrinsic motivation of youth recreational campers. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 27(4): 1–16.

Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist. 55 (1): 68–78.

Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport, Edited by: Hagger, M. and Chatzisarantis, N. 1–21. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Tsorbatzoudis, H., Alexandris, K., Zahariadis, P., & Grouios, G. (2006). Examining the relationship between recreational sport participation and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103(2), 363–374.

Walker, G. J. & Wang, X. (2008). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students' Leisure Motivations, Leisure Sciences, 30:3, 179-197.

Weissinger, E., & Bandalos, D. (1995). Development, reliability and validity of a scale to measure intrinsic motivation in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 379-400.

Weissinger, E., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1984). Intrinsic leisure motivation, personality and physical health. Society and Leisure, 7, 217-228.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.2895

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Ali Selman Özdemir

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).