CONJOINT ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELORS TOWARD PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Abstract
Using a conjoint analysis design, this study aims to examine the importance of disability type, disability level, age, gender, and ethnic origin of individuals with disabilities in the attitude/preference formation of school counselors working with students with disabilities. Two hundred and ninety-one school counselors working in Mersin and Gaziantep, two big cities in Turkey, participated in the study. The results show that the most important factor influencing the attitudes of school counselors is disability type, which is followed by disability level, and the age of the individual with the disability and that ethnic origin and gender are the least important factors. As far as the specific categories of these factors, an orthopetic disability for the disability type, a mild level of disability for the disability level, 7-12 age year range for the age, female for gender and no difference for the ethnic origin were found to result in the most positive attitudes. Furthermore, school counselors’ attitudes were found to be more positive toward individuals with disabilities of the same gender and formal education age.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ajzen, İ. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behavior. New York: Open University Press.
Alghazo, E. & Gaad, E., (2004). General education teachers in the United Arab Emirates and their acceptance of the inclusion of students with disabilities. British Journal of Special Education, 31(2), 94-99.
Akbulut, S. (2012). Gerçekten eşit miyiz? Acı(ma), zayıf gör (me) ve yok say(ma) ekseninde engelli ayrımcılığı [Are we really equal? Discrimination of people with disabilities on the axis of pity, despise and ignorence]. In K. Çayır & M. A. Ceyhan (Eds.), Ayrımcılık: Çok boyutlu yaklaşımlar (pp. 149-152). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Alver, B., Bozgeyikli, G. & Işıklar, A. (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programı öğrencilerinin kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi [Observation of attitudes of psycholojical counseling and guidance program students towards ınclusive education]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 155-168.
Alp, S., & Taştan, N. (2011). Türkiye’de ırk veya etnik köken temelinde ayrımcılığın izlenmesi raporu [Report of discrimination based of race or ethnicity in Turkey]. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İnsan Hakları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi.
ASCA (2013). The school counselor and students with disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/PositionStatements/PS_Disabilities.pdf
Bek, H., Gülveren, H. & Başer, A. (2009). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi [The analysis of prospective primary education teachers attitudes towards ınclusive education]. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 160- 168.
Bowman, J. T. (1987). Attitudes toward disabled persons: Social distance and work competence, Journal of Rehabilitation, 53(1), 41-49.
Carney, J. & Cobia, D. C. (1994). Relationship of characteristics of counselors in training to their attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 38(1), 72-76.
Chan, F., Livneh, H., Pruett, S. R., Wang, C. C., & Zheng, L. X. (2009). Societal attitudes toward disability: concepts, measurements, and interventions. In F. Chan, E. D. S. Cardoso & J. A. Chronister (Eds.), Understanding psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disability: A handbook for evidence-based practitioners in rehabilitation (p. 333-367). New York: Springer.,
Choi, G. & Lam, C.S., (2001). Korean students’ differential attitudes toward people with disabilities: an acculturation perspective. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 24(1), 79-81.
Cimşir, E. & Carney, J.V. (2016). School counselor training, attitudes, and perceptions of preparedness to provide services to students with disabilities in inclusive schools in Turkey. European Journal of Special Need Education, 32(3), 1-16.
Çamlıdere, Ö. (2005). Konjoint analizi ve cep telefonu tercihleri üzerine bir uygulama [Conjoint analysis and an application to mobile phones preference] (Master thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Çemrek, F. (2001). Tüketici tercihlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan konjoint analizi ve kredi kartı tercihlerine ilişkin bir uygulama [The Conjoint analysis in determination of the consumer's preference and an application to credit card's preference] (Master thesis, Osmangazi University, Institute of Science, Eskişehir, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Çolak, M. & Çetin, C. (2014). Öğretmenlerin engelliliğe yönelik tutumları üzerine bir araştırma [A research on teachers’ attitudes towards disability]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 191-211.
Dinç, Y. (2010). Konjoint analizi ve otomobil seçim kriterleri üzerine bir uygulama [Conjoint analysis and an application on the selection criteria of automobile] (Master thesis, Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
DPI (1993). Constitution of disabled people’s international. Retrieved from http://www.dpi.org/document/documents-of-reference/dpi-constitutionen.pdf.
Engin, A. O., Tösten, R., Kaya, M. D. & Köselioğlu, Y. (2014). İlköğretim öğretmenlerinin kaynaştırma uygulamasıyla ilgili tutum ve görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi (Kars ili örneği) [The Evaluation of manners and point of views related to mainstreaming education having responsibilities of students who are in needs of special education for primary education (example of Kars)]. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitü Dergisi, 1(13), 27-44
Fazlıoğlu, Y. & Doğan, M.K., (2013). Öğretmenlerin kaynaştırmaya ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi [To investıgate teachers attitudes towards inclusion]. Trakya University Journal of Social Science, 15(2), 223-234.
Forlin, C. (1995). Educators’ beliefs about inclusive practices in Western Australia. British Journal of Special Education, 22(4), 179-185.
Forlin, C., Douglas, H. & Hattie, J., (1996). Inclusive practices: how accepting are teachers? International Journal of Disability, 43(2), 119-133.
Furnham, A. & Pendred, J., (1983). Attitudes towards the mentally and physically disabled. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 56(2), 179-187.
Goffman, E. (2014). Damga: Örselenmiş kimliğin idare edilişi üzerine notlar [Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity]. Ankara: Heretik
Grand, S.A., Bernier, J.E. & Strohmer, D.C. (1982). Attitudes toward disabled persons as a function of social context and specific disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 27(3), 165-174.
Güven, E. & Çevik, D. B., (2012). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının kaynaştırmaya ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir çalışma (Balıkesir üniversitesi örneği) [A study regarding the identification of candidate music teachers’ views about inclusion (Example of Balıkesir University)]. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in The World, 2(1), 160-165.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. c., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed). Harlow: Pearson.
İşbir, E. G., Akdoğan, A. A., Beydoğan, B., Parmaksız, P. M., Sabuktay, A. & Vural, H.S. (2010). Özürlülüğe dayalı ayrımcılığın ölçülmesi araştırması [A survey of the measurement of discrimination based on disability]. Ankara: ÖZİDA.
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2014). Günümüzde insan ve insanlar, sosyal psikolojiye giriş [People and human nowadays]. İstanbul: Evrim.
Kaner S., Öğülmüş S., Büyüköztürk Ş. & Dökmen Z. (2009). Toplum özürlülüğü nasıl anlıyor? [How society perceives people with disabilities?]. Ankara: Başbakanlık Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı Yayını.
Keller, C. & Siegrist, M. (2010).Psychological resources and attitudes toward people with physical disabilities. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(2), 389-401.
Kim, H., Lu, J. & Hernandez, N. (2015). Attitudes toward people with disabilities: The tripartite model, social desirability and other controversial variables. Journal of Asia Pasific Counseling, 5(1), 23-37.
Konda Araştırma (2006). Toplumsal yapı araştırması 2006: Biz kimiz? [Social structure research: Who are we?]. Retrieved from http://www.konda.com.tr/index.php?sf=11.
Lifshitz, H. & Glaubman, R., (2002). Religious and secular students’ sense of self-efficacy and attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with intellectual disability and other types of needs. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(5), 405-418.
Milsom, Amy S. (2002). Students with disabilities : School counselor involvement and preparation. Professional School Counselling, 5(5), 331-338.
Myers, H.N. (2005). How elementary school counselors can meet the needs of students with disabilities. Professional School Counseling, 8(5), 442-450.
Orme, B. (2010). Getting started with conjoint analyses: strategies for product design and pricing research (2th ed.). Madison: Research Publishers LLC
Owens, D. & Thomas, D., Strong, L.A. (2011). School counselors assisting students with disabilities. Education, 132(2), 235-240.
ÖZİDA & DİE (2002). Türkiye özürlüler araştırması [Turkey disability survey]. Ankara: Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası.
Parashar, D., Chan, F. & Leirerer, S. (2008). Factors influencing Asian Indian graduate students’ attitudes toward people with disabilities. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 51(4), 229-239.
Phillips, K. A., Maddala, T., & Johnson, F. R. (2002). Measuring what people value: A comparison of “attitude” and “preference” surveys. Health Services Research, 37(6), 1659-1679.
Polat, F. (2001). Changing Attitudes of School Psychologists Towards Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Turkey. Eur. J. of Special Needs Education, 16(1), 55–64
Rosenthal, D. A. (2004). Effects of client race on clinical judgment of practicing European American vocational rehabilitation counselors. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 47(3), 131-141.
Rosenthal, D.A., Chan, F. & Livneh, H. (2006). Rehabilitation students’ attitudes toward persons with disabilities in high- and low- stakes social contexts: A conjoint analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28(24), 1517-1527.
Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Prince, K. C., Vanous, S., & Posavac, S. S. (2014). The multiple roles of attitudes in decision making. T. Betsch & S. Haberstroh (Ed.), in the routines of decision making (pp. 131-146). Psychology Press.
Sarı, H. & Bozgeyikli, H., (2003). Öğretmen adaylarının özel eğitime yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi: karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma [Examination of teacher candidates' attitudes towards special education: a comparative research]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 183-203.
Shamir, M. & Shamir, J. (1995). Competing values in public opinion: A conjoint analysis. Political Behavior, 17(1), 107-133.
Şişman, Y. (2014). Engelliler açısından eşitlik, ayrımcılık ve eğitim hakkı [Equality, discrimination and right to education with regards to disabled people]. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 14(32), 57-85.
Tahsin, F. (2014). Farklı eğitim kademelerinde görev yapacak öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırmaya yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi [An investigation on attitudes of teacher candidates who will work at different education levels towards mainstreaming]. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(18), 597-628.
Thomas, M. C., Curtis, R. S. & Shippen, M. E. (2011). Counselors, rehabilitation providers and teachers’ perceptions of mental and physical disabilities. Journal of Counseling ve Development, 89(2), 182-189.
Tsang, H. W. H., Chan, F. & Chan, C. C. H. (2004). Factors influencing attitudes of occupational therapy students toward people with disabilities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(4), 426-434.
Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği, (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar [Ethical guidelines for employees in the field of psychological counseling and guidance]. Ankara.
Wang, M. H., Thomas, K., Chan, F. & Cheing, G. (2003). A conjoint analysis of factors influencing American and Taiwanese college students’ preferences for people with disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48(3), 195–201.
Wong, D. W., Chan, F., Cardoso, E. S., Lam, C. S. & Miller, S.S. (2004). Rehabilitation counseling students' attitudes toward people with disabilities in three social contexts: A conjoint analysis. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 47(4), 194-204.
Wright, B. A. (1988). Attitudes and the fundamental negative bias: Conditions and corrections. H. E. Yuker (Ed.), In Attitudes toward people with disabilities (p. 3–21). New York: Springer.
Yaralı, D., (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutumlarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Examining prospective teachers’ attitude towards special education lesson in terms of some variables]. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 431-456.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.3021
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Güney Dengiz, Binnaz Kiran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).