IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION OBJECTIVES TOWARDS THE ATTAINMENT OF CAMEROON’S VISION 2035 / MISE EN ŒUVRE DES OBJECTIFS DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR POUR LA RÉALISATION DE LA VISION 2035 DU CAMEROUN
Abstract
Cette étude visait à déterminer jusqu’où la mise en œuvre des objectifs de l’enseignement supérieur prévoit la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun. Plus précisément, il s’agissait de: (1) déterminer si le renforcement de l’égalité des sexes garantit véritablement la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun concernant la réduction de la pauvreté, l’unité nationale et la consolidation de la démocratie. (2) Déterminer si la formation des formateurs et celle des chercheurs garantissent véritablement la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun en matière de lutte contre la pauvreté, d’unité nationale et de consolidation de la démocratie. L’étude a fait appel à deux hypothèses, acceptées ou rejetées après analyse. Cette étude a fait recours à une combinaison de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives (approche mixte). La population de l’étude était composée de tous les étudiants de dernière année (diplômés potentiels: licences, masters, doctorats, BTS , etc.) de 14 instituts d’enseignement supérieur basés dans la région Sud-Ouest du Cameroun. L’échantillon était composé de 370 étudiants choisis au hasard. 24 enseignants ont également été interviewés. Un questionnaire et un guide d’interview ont été utilisés pour la collecte des données. Le questionnaire a été validé par 30 étudiants qui ne faisaient pas partie de l’échantillon. Les données quantitatives ont été analysées à l’aide du coefficient de corrélation de Pearson (outil statistique). Les données qualitatives ont été analysées en utilisant l’analyse du contenu. Les résultats ont révélé que: le renforcement de l’égalité des sexes est élevé, ce qui garantit la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun concernant la réduction de la pauvreté, l’unité nationale et la consolidation de la démocratie. Les résultats ont révélé que les facteurs suivants favorisent l’égalité des sexes: l’ajustement des politiques conduisant à une éducation inclusive ; l’équité et l’amélioration de l’accès des hommes et des femmes à l’égalité de chances dans les facultés de science ; le changement de la perception qu’ont les enseignants à l’égard de l’éducation des femmes ; la réduction du favoritisme et l’augmentation du taux de méritocratie en enseignement supérieur ; l’inclusion des étudiants et étudiantes dans les grands projets, les activités et les décisions académiques. Par contre, les résultats ont révélé que les moyens octroyés à la formation des formateurs et des chercheurs étaient faibles car ceux-ci ne garantissent pas la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun en ce qui concerne la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’unité nationale et de consolidation de la démocratie. Les résultats ont révélé que les facteurs suivants influencent le faible niveau de formation des formateurs et des chercheurs dans l’enseignement supérieur: le contrôle et le suivi dans l’enseignement supérieur qui généralement de mauvaise qualité ; les ressources financières, matérielles et humaines insuffisantes pour impacter efficacement la formation des formateurs et des chercheurs ; l’insuffisance du financement et de la gestion de la recherche ; la faible motivation du personnel et des étudiants à participer à des séminaires. L’inefficacité de la direction des recherches, la durée d’acquisition des techiniques nécessaires et les feedbacks de mausaise qualité venant des directeurs de recherche contribuent eux aussi, au faible niveau de la formation des formateurs et des chercheurs dans l’enseignement supérieur. Le chercheur a conclu que la mise en œuvre des objectifs de l’enseignement supérieur a un lien direct avec la réalisation de la Vision 2035 du Cameroun, cependant certains de ces objectifs ne sont pas véritablement mis en œuvre. Plus la mise en œuvre des objectifs de l’enseignement supérieur est effective, plus elle garantit la réalisation de la Vision 2035. Quelques recommandations et suggestions ont été faites en vue d’une étude plus approfondie.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v8i8.3864
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